diff --git a/.ci/ci.yaml b/.ci/ci.yaml
index 1bb02279e2..f8720cf17c 100644
--- a/.ci/ci.yaml
+++ b/.ci/ci.yaml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
CMakeArgs: '-DDEBUG=ON -DPROFILE=OFF -DBUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS=OFF -DBUILD_JULIA_BINDINGS=OFF -DBUILD_GO_BINDINGS=OFF'
Python:
python.version: '3.7'
- CMakeArgs: '-DDEBUG=OFF -DPROFILE=OFF -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.7.7/x64/bin/python3 -DBUILD_GO_BINDINGS=OFF -DBUILD_JULIA_BINDINGS=OFF'
+ CMakeArgs: '-DDEBUG=OFF -DPROFILE=OFF -DBUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS=ON -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3 -DBUILD_GO_BINDINGS=OFF -DBUILD_JULIA_BINDINGS=OFF'
Julia:
julia.version: '1.3.0'
CMakeArgs: '-DDEBUG=OFF -DPROFILE=OFF -DBUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS=OFF -DBUILD_JULIA_BINDINGS=ON -DBUILD_GO_BINDINGS=OFF -DJULIA_EXECUTABLE=/opt/julia-1.3.0/bin/julia'
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
python.version: '2.7'
Python:
python.version: '3.7'
- CMakeArgs: '-DDEBUG=OFF -DPROFILE=OFF -DBUILD_JULIA_BINDINGS=OFF -DBUILD_GO_BINDINGS=OFF'
+ CMakeArgs: '-DDEBUG=OFF -DPROFILE=OFF -DBUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS=ON -DBUILD_JULIA_BINDINGS=OFF -DBUILD_GO_BINDINGS=OFF'
Julia:
python.version: '2.7'
julia.version: '1.3.0'
diff --git a/.ci/linux-steps.yaml b/.ci/linux-steps.yaml
index 7fd0ab0ab5..13835e9292 100644
--- a/.ci/linux-steps.yaml
+++ b/.ci/linux-steps.yaml
@@ -22,12 +22,9 @@ steps:
echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=BOOST_ROOT]"$BOOST_ROOT
sudo apt-get install -y --allow-unauthenticated libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev g++ libboost1.70-dev libarmadillo-dev xz-utils
- sudo apt-get install -y --allow-unauthenticated python3-pip python3-numpy
-
- sudo /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.7.7/x64/bin/python3 -m pip install "Cython>0.24"
- sudo /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.7.7/x64/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade --ignore-installed setuptools
- sudo /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.7.7/x64/bin/python3 -m pip install pandas
+ /usr/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
+ /usr/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade --ignore-installed setuptools cython pandas
if [ 'a$(julia.version)' != 'a' ]; then
wget https://julialang-s3.julialang.org/bin/linux/x64/1.3/julia-1.3.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 9f092fe0d3..a9e69baef2 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ option(BUILD_CLI_EXECUTABLES "Build command-line executables." ON)
option(DISABLE_DOWNLOADS "Disable downloads of dependencies during build." OFF)
option(DOWNLOAD_ENSMALLEN "If ensmallen is not found, download it." ON)
option(DOWNLOAD_STB_IMAGE "Download stb_image for image loading." ON)
-option(BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS "Build Python bindings." ON)
option(BUILD_GO_SHLIB "Build Go shared library." OFF)
if (WIN32)
@@ -30,6 +29,15 @@ else ()
"Compile shared libraries (if OFF, static libraries are compiled)." ON)
endif()
+# Detect whether the user passed BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS in order to determine if
+# we should fail if Python isn't found.
+if (BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS)
+ set(FORCE_BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS ON)
+else()
+ set(FORCE_BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS OFF)
+endif()
+option(BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS "Build Python bindings." OFF)
+
# Detect whether the user passed BUILD_JULIA_BINDINGS in order to determine if
# we should fail if Julia isn't found.
if (BUILD_JULIA_BINDINGS)
diff --git a/HISTORY.md b/HISTORY.md
index 211edf81b4..c04b2aeca1 100644
--- a/HISTORY.md
+++ b/HISTORY.md
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
### mlpack ?.?.?
###### ????-??-??
+ * Force CMake to show error when it didn't find Python/modules (#2568).
+
+ * Refactor `ProgramInfo()` to separate out all the different
+ information (#2558).
+
* Added Soft Actor-Critic to RL methods (#2487).
* Added Categorical DQN to q_networks (#2454).
@@ -20,6 +25,10 @@
version of linear regression where the regularization parameter is
automatically tuned (#2030).
+ * Fix incremental training of logistic regression models (#2560).
+
+ * Change default configuration of `BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS` to `OFF` (#2575).
+
### mlpack 3.3.2
###### 2020-06-18
* Added Noisy DQN to q_networks (#2446).
diff --git a/doc/guide/bindings.hpp b/doc/guide/bindings.hpp
index 96e57a01b7..2ef5db763b 100644
--- a/doc/guide/bindings.hpp
+++ b/doc/guide/bindings.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The document is split into several sections:
- @ref bindings_intro
- @ref bindings_code
- @ref bindings_general
- - @ref bindings_general_program_info
+ - @ref bindings_general_program_doc
- @ref bindings_general_define_params
- @ref bindings_general_functions
- @ref bindings_general_more
@@ -128,12 +128,18 @@ using namespace std;
// being used. Note that the macros must have + on either side of them. We
// provide some extra references with the "SEE_ALSO()" macro, which is used to
// generate documentation for the website.
-PROGRAM_INFO("Mean Shift Clustering",
- // Short description.
+
+// Program Name.
+BINDING_NAME("Mean Shift Clustering");
+
+// Short description.
+BINDING_SHORT_DESC(
"A fast implementation of mean-shift clustering using dual-tree range "
"search. Given a dataset, this uses the mean shift algorithm to produce "
- "and return a clustering of the data.",
- // Long description.
+ "and return a clustering of the data.");
+
+// Long description.
+BINDING_LONG_DESC(
"This program performs mean shift clustering on the given dataset, storing "
"the learned cluster assignments either as a column of labels in the input "
"dataset or separately."
@@ -147,22 +153,26 @@ PROGRAM_INFO("Mean Shift Clustering",
"\n\n"
"The output labels may be saved with the " + PRINT_PARAM_STRING("output") +
" output parameter and the centroids of each cluster may be saved with the"
- " " + PRINT_PARAM_STRING("centroid") + " output parameter."
- "\n\n"
+ " " + PRINT_PARAM_STRING("centroid") + " output parameter.");
+
+// Example.
+BINDING_EXAMPLE(
"For example, to run mean shift clustering on the dataset " +
PRINT_DATASET("data") + " and store the centroids to " +
PRINT_DATASET("centroids") + ", the following command may be used: "
"\n\n" +
- PRINT_CALL("mean_shift", "input", "data", "centroid", "centroids"),
- SEE_ALSO("@kmeans", "#kmeans"),
- SEE_ALSO("@dbscan", "#dbscan"),
- SEE_ALSO("Mean shift on Wikipedia",
- "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_shift"),
- SEE_ALSO("Mean Shift, Mode Seeking, and Clustering (pdf)",
+ PRINT_CALL("mean_shift", "input", "data", "centroid", "centroids"));
+
+// See also...
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("@kmeans", "#kmeans");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("@dbscan", "#dbscan");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("Mean shift on Wikipedia",
+ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_shift");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("Mean Shift, Mode Seeking, and Clustering (pdf)",
"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.510.1222"
- "&rep=rep1&type=pdf"),
- SEE_ALSO("mlpack::mean_shift::MeanShift C++ class documentation",
- "@doxygen/classmlpack_1_1meanshift_1_1MeanShift.html"));
+ "&rep=rep1&type=pdf");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("mlpack::mean_shift::MeanShift C++ class documentation",
+ "@doxygen/classmlpack_1_1meanshift_1_1MeanShift.html");
// Define parameters for the executable.
@@ -228,9 +238,10 @@ void mlpackMain()
@endcode
We can see that we have defined the basic program information in the
-@c PROGRAM_INFO() macro. This is, for instance, what is displayed to describe
-the binding if the user passed the \--help option for a
-command-line program.
+@c BINDING_NAME(), @c BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), @c BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+@c BINDING_EXAMPLE() and @c BINDING_SEE_ALSO() macros. This is, for instance,
+what is displayed to describe the binding if the user passed the
+\--help option for a command-line program.
Then, we define five parameters, three input and two output, that define the
data and options that the mean shift clustering will function on. These
@@ -247,10 +258,12 @@ whether the parameter is input or output. Some examples:
Note that each of these macros may have slightly different syntax. See the
links above for further documentation.
-In order to write a new binding, then, you simply must write a @c PROGRAM_INFO()
-definition of the program with some docuentation, define the input and output
-parameters as @c PARAM macros, and then write an @c mlpackMain() function that
-actually performs the functionality of the binding. Inside of @c mlpackMain():
+In order to write a new binding, then, you simply must write @c BINDING_NAME(),
+@c BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), @c BINDING_LONG_DESC(), @c BINDING_EXAMPLE() and
+@c BINDING_SEE_ALSO() definitions of the program with some docuentation, define
+the input and output parameters as @c PARAM macros, and then write an
+@c mlpackMain() function that actually performs the functionality of the binding.
+Inside of @c mlpackMain():
- All input parameters are accessible through @c IO::GetParam("name").
- All output parameters should be set by the end of the function with the
@@ -278,15 +291,27 @@ relatively clear how one could use the @c IO functionality along with CMake to
add a binding for a new mlpack machine learning method. If it is not clear,
then the examples in the following sections should clarify.
-@subsection bindings_general_program_info Documenting a program with PROGRAM_INFO()
+@subsection bindings_general_program_doc Documenting a program with
+@c BINDING_NAME(), @c BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), @c BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+@c BINDING_EXAMPLE() and @c BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
-Any mlpack program should be documented with the @c PROGRAM_INFO() macro, which
-is available from the @c header. The macro
-is of the form
+Any mlpack program should be documented with the @c BINDING_NAME(),
+@c BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), @c BINDING_LONG_DESC() , @c BINDING_EXAMPLE() and
+@c BINDING_SEE_ALSO() macros, which is available from the
+@c header. The macros
+are of the form
@code
-PROGRAM_INFO("program name", "short documentation", "long documentation",
- SEE_ALSO("link", "description"), ...)
+BINDING_NAME("program name");
+BINDING_SHORT_DESC("This is a short, two-sentence description of what the program does.");
+BINDING_LONG_DESC("This is a long description of what the program does."
+ " It might be many lines long and have lots of details about different options.");
+BINDING_EXAMPLE("This contains one example for this particular binding.\n" +
+ PROGRAM_CALL(...));
+BINDING_EXAMPLE("This contains another example for this particular binding.\n" +
+ PROGRAM_CALL(...));
+// There could be many of these "see alsos".
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning");
@endcode
The short documentation should be two sentences indicating what the program
@@ -368,6 +393,14 @@ Command-line program output (snippet):
Python binding output (snippet):
The parameter 'shuffle', if set, will shuffle the data before learning.
+
+Julia binding output (snippet):
+
+ The parameter `shuffle`, if set, will shuffle the data before learning.
+
+Go binding output (snippet):
+
+ The parameter "Shuffle", if set, will shuffle the data before learning.
@endcode
@code
@@ -383,6 +416,14 @@ Command-line program output (snippet):
Python binding output (snippet):
The output matrix can be saved with the 'output' output parameter.
+
+Julia binding output (snippet):
+
+ The output matrix can be saved with the `output` output parameter.
+
+Go binding output (snippet):
+
+ The output matrix can be saved with the "output" output parameter.
@endcode
@code
@@ -408,12 +449,38 @@ Python binding output (snippet):
>>> output = program(input=x)
>>> model = output['output_model']
+
+Julia binding output (snippet):
+
+ For example, to train a model on the dataset `x` and save the output model to
+ `model`, the following command can be used:
+
+ julia> model = program(input=x)
+
+Go binding output (snippet):
+
+ For example, to train a model on the dataset "x" and save the output model to
+ "model", the following command can be used:
+
+ // Initialize optional parameters for Program().
+ param := mlpack.ProgramOptions()
+ param.Input = x
+
+ model := mlpack.Program(param)
@endcode
@code
Input C++ (full program, 'random_numbers_main.cpp'):
- PROGRAM_INFO("Random Numbers", "This program generates random numbers with a "
+ // Program Name.
+ BINDING_NAME("Random Numbers");
+
+ // Short description.
+ BINDING_SHORT_DESC("An implementation of Random Numbers");
+
+ // Long description.
+ BINDING_LONG_DESC(
+ "This program generates random numbers with a "
"variety of nonsensical techniques and example parameters. The input "
"dataset, which will be ignored, can be specified with the " +
PRINT_PARAM_STRING("input") + " parameter. If you would like to subtract"
@@ -425,8 +492,10 @@ Input C++ (full program, 'random_numbers_main.cpp'):
"The output random numbers can be saved with the " +
PRINT_PARAM_STRING("output") + " output parameter. In addition, a "
"randomly generated linear regression model can be saved with the " +
- PRINT_PARAM_STRING("output_model") + " output parameter."
- "\n\n"
+ PRINT_PARAM_STRING("output_model") + " output parameter.");
+
+ // Example.
+ BINDING_EXAMPLE(
"For example, to generate 100 random numbers with 3 subtracted from them "
"and save the output to " + PRINT_DATASET("rand") + " and the random "
"model to " + PRINT_MODEL("rand_lr") + ", use the following "
@@ -479,17 +548,66 @@ Python binding output:
>>> output = random_numbers(num_values=100, subtract=3)
>>> rand = output['output']
>>> rand_lr = output['output_model']
+
+Julia binding output:
+
+ Random Numbers
+
+ This program generates random numbers with a variety of nonsensical
+ techniques and example parameters. The input dataset, which will be
+ ignored, can be specified with the `input` parameter. If you would like to
+ subtract values from each number, specify the `subtract` parameter. The
+ number of random numbers to generate is specified with the `num_values`
+ parameter.
+
+ The output random numbers can be saved with the `output` output parameter.
+ In addition, a randomly generated linear regression model can be saved with
+ the `output_model` output parameter.
+
+ For example, to generate 100 random numbers with 3 subtracted from them and
+ save the output to `rand` and the random model to `rand_lr`, use the
+ following command:
+
+ ```julia
+ julia> rand, rand_lr = random_numbers(num_values=100, subtract=3)
+ ```
+
+Go binding output:
+
+ Random Numbers
+
+ This program generates random numbers with a variety of nonsensical
+ techniques and example parameters. The input dataset, which will be
+ ignored, can be specified with the "Input" parameter. If you would like to
+ subtract values from each number, specify the "Subtract" parameter. The
+ number of random numbers to generate is specified with the "NumValues"
+ parameter.
+
+ The output random numbers can be saved with the "output" output parameter.
+ In addition, a randomly generated linear regression model can be saved with
+ the "outputModel" output parameter.
+
+ For example, to generate 100 random numbers with 3 subtracted from them and
+ save the output to "rand" and the random model to "randLr", use the
+ following command:
+
+ // Initialize optional parameters for RandomNumbers().
+ param := mlpack.RandomNumbersOptions()
+ param.NumValues = 100
+ param.Subtract=3
+
+ rand, randLr := mlpack.RandomNumbers(param)
@endcode
@subsection bindings_general_define_params Defining parameters for a program
-There exist several macros that can be used after a @c PROGRAM_INFO() definition
-to define the parameters that can be specified for a given mlpack program.
-These macros all have the same general definition: the name of the macro
-specifies the type of the parameter, whether or not the parameter is required,
-and whether the parameter is an input or output parameter. Then as arguments to
-the macro, the name, description, and sometimes the single-character alias and
-the default value of the parameter.
+There exist several macros that can be used after a @c BINDING_LONG_DESC() and
+@c BINDING_EXAMPLE() definition to define the parameters that can be specified
+for a given mlpack program. These macros all have the same general definition:
+the name of the macro specifies the type of the parameter, whether or not the
+parameter is required, and whether the parameter is an input or output parameter.
+Then as arguments to the macros, the name, description, and sometimes the
+single-character alias and the default value of the parameter.
To give a flavor of how these definitions look, the definition
@@ -620,10 +738,10 @@ Python interface to the user.
mlpack's @c IO module provides a unified abstract interface for getting input
from and providing output to users without needing to consider the language
(command-line, Python, MATLAB, etc.) that the user is running the program from.
-This means that after the @c PROGRAM_INFO() macro and the @c PARAM_*() macros
-have been defined, a language-agnostic @c mlpackMain() function can be written.
-This function then can perform the actual computation that the entire program is
-meant to.
+This means that after the @c BINDING_LONG_DESC() and @c BINDING_EXAMPLE() macros
+and the @c PARAM_*() macros have been defined, a language-agnostic
+@c mlpackMain() function can be written. This function then can perform the
+actual computation that the entire program is meant to.
Inside of an @c mlpackMain() function, the @c mlpack::IO module can be used to
access input parameters and set output parameters. There are two main functions
@@ -703,7 +821,8 @@ could be created for the "random_numbers" program from earlier sections.
@code
#include
-// The PROGRAM_INFO() and PARAM_*() definitions should go here:
+// BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC() , BINDING_EXAMPLE(),
+// BINDING_SEE_ALSO() and PARAM_*() definitions should go here:
// ...
using namespace mlpack;
@@ -759,23 +878,43 @@ This section describes the internal functionality of the IO module and the
associated macros. If you are only interested in writing mlpack programs, this
section is probably not worth reading.
-There are four main components involved with mlpack bindings:
+There are eight main components involved with mlpack bindings:
- the IO module, a singleton class that stores parameter information
- the mlpackMain() function that defines the functionality of the binding
- - the PROGRAM_INFO() macro that defines the binding name and documentation
+ - the BINDING_NAME() macro that defines the binding name
+ - the BINDING_SHORT_DESC() macro that defines the short description
+ - the BINDING_LONG_DESC() macro that defines the long description
+ - (optional) the BINDING_EXAMPLE() macro that defines example usages
+ - (optional) the BINDING_SEE_ALSO() macro that defines "see also" links
- the PARAM_*() macros that define parameters for the binding
The mlpack::IO module is a singleton class that stores, at runtime, the binding
name, the documentation, and the parameter information and values. In order to
do this, each parameter and the program documentation must make themselves known
-to the IO singleton. This is accomplished by having the @c PROGRAM_INFO() and
-@c PARAM_*() macros declare global variables that, in their constructors,
-register themselves with the IO singleton.
+to the IO singleton. This is accomplished by having the @c BINDING_NAME(),
+@c BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), @c BINDING_LONG_DESC(), @c BINDING_EXAMPLE(),
+@c BINDING_SEE_ALSO() and @c PARAM_*() macros declare global variables that,
+in their constructors, register themselves with the IO singleton.
-The @c PROGRAM_INFO() macro declares an object of type mlpack::util::ProgramDoc.
-The @c ProgramDoc class constructor calls IO::RegisterProgramDoc() in order to
-register the given program name and documentation.
+The @c BINDING_NAME() macro declares an object of type mlpack::util::ProgramName.
+The @c BINDING_SHORT_DESC() macro declares an object of type
+mlpack::util::ShortDescription.
+The @c BINDING_LONG_DESC() macro declares an object of type
+mlpack::util::LongDescription.
+The @c BINDING_EXAMPLE() macro declares an object of type mlpack::util::Example.
+The @c BINDING_SEE_ALSO() macro declares an object of type
+mlpack::util::SeeAlso.
+The @c ProgramName class constructor calls IO::RegisterProgramName() in order to
+register the given program name.
+The @c ShortDescription class constructor calls IO::RegisterShortDescription() in order to
+register the given short description.
+The @c LongDescription class constructor calls IO::RegisterLongDescription() in order to
+register the given long description.
+The @c Example class constructor calls IO::RegisterExample() in order to
+register the given example.
+The @c SeeAlso class constructor calls IO::RegisterSeeAlso() in order to
+register the given see-also link.
The @c PARAM_*() macros declare an object that will, in its constructor, call
IO::Add() to register that parameter with the IO singleton. The specific type
@@ -875,7 +1014,8 @@ binding:
- The options defined by @c PARAM_*() macros are of type
mlpack::bindings::cli::CLIOption.
- - The parameter and value printing macros for @c PROGRAM_INFO() are set:
+ - The parameter and value printing macros for @c BINDING_LONG_DESC()
+ and BINDING_EXAMPLE() are set:
* The @c PRINT_PARAM_STRING() macro is defined as
mlpack::bindings::cli::ParamString().
* The @c PRINT_DATASET() macro is defined as
@@ -1047,9 +1187,10 @@ individually if you like). The file
the name of the program and the @c *_main.cpp file to include correctly, then
the @c mlpack::bindings::python::PrintPYX() function is called by the program.
The @c PrintPYX() function uses the parameters that have been set in the IO
-singleton by the @c PROGRAM_INFO() and @c PARAM_*() macros in order to actually
-print a fully-working .pyx file that can be compiled. The file has several
-sections:
+singleton by the @c BINDING_NAME(), @c BINDING_SHORT_DESC(),
+@c BINDING_LONG_DESC(), @c BINDING_EXAMPLE(), @c BINDING_SEE_ALSO() and
+@c PARAM_*() macros in order to actually print a fully-working .pyx file that
+can be compiled. The file has several sections:
- Python imports (numpy/pandas/cython/etc.)
- Cython imports of C++ utility functions and Armadillo functionality
diff --git a/doc/guide/iodoc.hpp b/doc/guide/iodoc.hpp
index 3282268f88..b60f6fc937 100644
--- a/doc/guide/iodoc.hpp
+++ b/doc/guide/iodoc.hpp
@@ -120,7 +120,8 @@ and debugging output for your mlpack program.
@section simpleio Simple IO Example
Through the mlpack::IO object, command-line parameters can be easily added
-with the PROGRAM_INFO, PARAM_INT, PARAM_DOUBLE, PARAM_STRING, and PARAM_FLAG
+with the BINDING_NAME, BINDING_SHORT_DESC, BINDING_LONG_DESC, BINDING_EXAMPLE,
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO, PARAM_INT, PARAM_DOUBLE, PARAM_STRING, and PARAM_FLAG
macros.
Here is a sample use of those macros, extracted from methods/pca/pca_main.cpp.
@@ -131,23 +132,28 @@ Here is a sample use of those macros, extracted from methods/pca/pca_main.cpp.
#include
#include
-// Document program.
-PROGRAM_INFO("Principal Components Analysis",
- // Short description.
+// Program Name.
+BINDING_NAME("Principal Components Analysis");
+
+// Short description.
+BINDING_SHORT_DESC(
"An implementation of several strategies for principal components analysis "
"(PCA), a common preprocessing step. Given a dataset and a desired new "
"dimensionality, this can reduce the dimensionality of the data using the "
- "linear transformation determined by PCA.",
- // Long description.
+ "linear transformation determined by PCA.");
+
+// Long description.
+BINDING_LONG_DESC(
"This program performs principal components analysis on the given dataset "
"using the exact, randomized, randomized block Krylov, or QUIC SVD method. "
"It will transform the data onto its principal components, optionally "
"performing dimensionality reduction by ignoring the principal components "
- "with the smallest eigenvalues."
- // "See also" section for generated documentation.
- SEE_ALSO("Principal component analysis on Wikipedia",
- "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis"),
- SEE_ALSO("mlpack::pca::PCA C++ class documentation",
+ "with the smallest eigenvalues.");
+
+// See also...
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("Principal component analysis on Wikipedia",
+ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("mlpack::pca::PCA C++ class documentation",
"@doxygen/classmlpack_1_1pca_1_1PCA.html"));
// Parameters for program.
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/cli_option.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/cli_option.hpp
index f09f324ea0..eeebc2d7cc 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/cli_option.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/cli_option.hpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
* @author Matthew Amidon
*
* Definition of the Option class, which is used to define parameters which are
- * used by CLI. The ProgramDoc class also resides here.
+ * used by CLI.
*
* mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
@@ -164,35 +164,6 @@ class CLIOption
}
};
-/**
- * A static object whose constructor registers program documentation with the
- * CLI class. This should not be used outside of CLI itself, and you should use
- * the PROGRAM_INFO() macro to declare these objects. Only one ProgramDoc
- * object should ever exist.
- *
- * @see core/util/io.hpp, mlpack::IO
- */
-class ProgramDoc
-{
- public:
- /**
- * Construct a ProgramDoc object. When constructed, it will register itself
- * with IO.
- *
- * @param programName Short string representing the name of the program.
- * @param documentation Long string containing documentation on how to use the
- * program and what it is. No newline characters are necessary; this is
- * taken care of by IO later.
- */
- ProgramDoc(const std::string& programName,
- const std::string& documentation);
-
- //! The name of the program.
- std::string programName;
- //! Documentation for what the program does.
- std::string documentation;
-};
-
} // namespace cli
} // namespace bindings
} // namespace mlpack
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_doc_functions.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_doc_functions.hpp
index 3b027f8720..1f7e9390bb 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_doc_functions.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_doc_functions.hpp
@@ -102,8 +102,9 @@ inline std::string ProgramCall(const std::string& programName);
/**
* Print what a user would type to invoke the given option name. Note that the
* name *must* exist in the CLI module. (Note that because of the way
- * ProgramInfo is structured, this doesn't mean that all of the PARAM_*()
- * declarataions need to come before the PROGRAM_INFO() declaration.)
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() is structured, this doesn't mean
+ * that all of the PARAM_*() declarataions need to come before
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.)
*/
inline std::string ParamString(const std::string& paramName);
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
index fbfa22c33b..68339e5912 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ std::string ProcessOptions(const std::string& paramName,
else
{
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter '" + paramName + "' " +
- "encountered while assembling documentation! Check PROGRAM_INFO() " +
- "declaration.");
+ "encountered while assembling documentation! Check BINDING_LONG_DESC()"
+ + " and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.");
}
std::string rest = ProcessOptions(args...);
@@ -229,8 +229,9 @@ inline std::string ProgramCall(const std::string& programName)
/**
* Print what a user would type to invoke the given option name. Note that the
* name *must* exist in the CLI module. (Note that because of the way
- * ProgramInfo is structured, this doesn't mean that all of the PARAM_*()
- * declarataions need to come before the PROGRAM_INFO() declaration.)
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() is structured, this doesn't mean
+ * that all of the PARAM_*() declarataions need to come before
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.)
*/
inline std::string ParamString(const std::string& paramName)
{
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ inline std::string ParamString(const std::string& paramName)
else
{
throw std::runtime_error("Parameter '" + paramName + "' not known! Check "
- "PROGRAM_INFO() definition.");
+ "BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() definition.");
}
}
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_help.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_help.cpp
index 5cfa1bf57e..a1cf44089f 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_help.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/cli/print_help.cpp
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ void PrintHelp(const std::string& param)
std::string usedParam = param;
std::map& parameters = IO::Parameters();
const std::map& aliases = IO::Aliases();
- util::ProgramDoc& docs = *IO::GetSingleton().doc;
-
+ util::BindingDetails& bindingDetails = IO::GetSingleton().doc;
// If we pass a single param, alias it if necessary.
if (usedParam.length() == 1 && aliases.count(usedParam[0]))
usedParam = aliases.at(usedParam[0]);
@@ -64,11 +63,16 @@ void PrintHelp(const std::string& param)
}
// Print out the descriptions.
- if (docs.programName != "")
+ if (bindingDetails.programName != "")
{
- std::cout << docs.programName << std::endl << std::endl;
- std::cout << " " << util::HyphenateString(docs.documentation(), 2)
- << std::endl << std::endl;
+ std::cout << bindingDetails.programName << std::endl << std::endl;
+ std::cout << " " << util::HyphenateString(bindingDetails.longDescription(),
+ 2) << std::endl << std::endl;
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < bindingDetails.example.size(); ++j)
+ {
+ std::cout << " " << util::HyphenateString(bindingDetails.example[j](), 2)
+ << std::endl << std::endl;
+ }
}
else
std::cout << "[undocumented program]" << std::endl << std::endl;
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/CMakeLists.txt b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/CMakeLists.txt
index b35ae1bc41..e769966791 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,34 +16,33 @@ if (NOT BUILD_GO_BINDINGS)
endif ()
if (BUILD_GO_BINDINGS)
+
+ find_package(Go 1.11.0)
+ if (NOT GO_FOUND)
+ set(GO_NOT_FOUND_MSG "${GO_NOT_FOUND_MSG}\n - Go")
+ endif ()
+ find_package(Gonum)
+ if (NOT GONUM_FOUND)
+ set(GO_NOT_FOUND_MSG "${GO_NOT_FOUND_MSG}\n - Gonum")
+ endif ()
+
## We need to check here if Golang is even available. Although actually
## technically, I'm not sure if we even need to know! For the tests though we
## do. So it's probably a good idea to check.
if (FORCE_BUILD_GO_BINDINGS)
- find_package(Go 1.11.0)
- find_package(Gonum)
if (NOT GO_FOUND OR NOT GONUM_FOUND)
unset(BUILD_GO_BINDINGS CACHE)
set(BUILD_GO_SHLIB OFF)
- message(FATAL_ERROR "Go or Gonum not found; unable to build Go bindings!")
+ message(FATAL_ERROR "\nCould not Build Go Bindings; the following modules are not available: ${GO_NOT_FOUND_MSG}")
endif()
else ()
- find_package(Go 1.11.0)
- find_package(Gonum)
if (NOT GO_FOUND OR NOT GONUM_FOUND)
unset(BUILD_GO_BINDINGS CACHE)
set(BUILD_GO_SHLIB OFF)
+ not_found_return("Not building Go bindings; the following modules are not available: ${GO_NOT_FOUND_MSG}")
endif()
endif ()
- if (NOT GO_FOUND)
- not_found_return("Go not found; not building Go bindings.")
- endif ()
-
- if (NOT GONUM_FOUND)
- not_found_return("Gonum not found; not building Go bindings.")
- endif ()
-
add_custom_target(go)
# All the bindings will build under "src/mlpack.org/v1/mlpack"; So if user build
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/generate_go.cpp.in b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/generate_go.cpp.in
index 5a07bc5573..0e75e9c4cd 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/generate_go.cpp.in
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/generate_go.cpp.in
@@ -45,5 +45,5 @@ int main(int /* argc */, char** /* argv */)
// programName is defined in mlpack_main.hpp.
IO::RestoreSettings(programName);
- PrintGo(*IO::GetSingleton().doc, "${PROGRAM_NAME}");
+ PrintGo(IO::GetSingleton().doc, "${PROGRAM_NAME}");
}
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
index 80971f6fda..eb7c508e38 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ std::string PrintOptionalInputs(const std::string& paramName,
{
// Unknown parameter!
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter '" + paramName + "' " +
- "encountered while assembling documentation! Check PROGRAM_INFO() " +
- "declaration.");
+ "encountered while assembling documentation! Check BINDING_LONG_DESC()"
+ + " and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.");
}
// Continue recursion.
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ std::string PrintInputOptions(const std::string& paramName,
{
// Unknown parameter!
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter '" + paramName + "' " +
- "encountered while assembling documentation! Check PROGRAM_INFO() " +
- "declaration.");
+ "encountered while assembling documentation! Check BINDING_LONG_DESC()"
+ + " and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.");
}
// Continue recursion.
@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ void GetOptions(
{
// Unknown parameter!
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter '" + paramName + "' " +
- "encountered while assembling documentation! Check PROGRAM_INFO() " +
- "declaration.");
+ "encountered while assembling documentation! Check BINDING_LONG_DESC()"
+ + " and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.");
}
}
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_go.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_go.cpp
index 2d9e19c421..e2c0c9ee27 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_go.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_go.cpp
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ namespace go {
* Given a list of parameter definition and program documentation, print a
* generated .go file to stdout.
*
- * @param programInfo Documentation for the program.
+ * @param doc Documentation for the program.
* @param functionName Name of the function (i.e. "pca").
*/
-void PrintGo(const util::ProgramDoc& programInfo,
- const std::string& functionName)
+void PrintGo(const util::BindingDetails& doc,
+ const std::string& functionName)
{
// Restore parameters.
- IO::RestoreSettings(programInfo.programName);
+ IO::RestoreSettings(doc.programName);
std::map& parameters = IO::Parameters();
typedef std::map::iterator ParamIter;
@@ -124,8 +124,15 @@ void PrintGo(const util::ProgramDoc& programInfo,
// Print the comment describing the function and its parameters.
cout << "/*" << endl;
- cout << " " << HyphenateString(programInfo.documentation(), 2) << endl;
- cout << endl << endl;
+ cout << " " << HyphenateString(doc.longDescription(), 2) << endl << endl;
+
+ // Print the examples.
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < doc.example.size(); ++j)
+ {
+ cout << " " << util::HyphenateString(doc.example[j](), 2) << endl << endl;
+ }
+
+ // Next, print information on the input options.
cout << " Input parameters:" << endl;
cout << endl;
for (size_t i = 0; i < inputOptions.size(); ++i)
@@ -216,8 +223,7 @@ void PrintGo(const util::ProgramDoc& programInfo,
cout << " " << "disableVerbose()" << endl;
// Restore the parameters.
- cout << " " << "restoreSettings(\"" << programInfo.programName
- << "\")" << endl;
+ cout << " " << "restoreSettings(\"" << doc.programName << "\")" << endl;
cout << endl;
// Do any input processing.
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_go.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_go.hpp
index 4b6bfdbed6..d2ce7161de 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_go.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/print_go.hpp
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@ namespace go {
/**
* Given a list of parameter definition and program documentation, print a
* generated .go file to stdout.
- *
- * @param programInfo Documentation for the program.
+ * @param doc Documentation for the program.
* @param functionName Name of the function (i.e. "pca").
*/
-void PrintGo(const util::ProgramDoc& programInfo,
+void PrintGo(const util::BindingDetails& doc,
const std::string& functionName);
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index b4a1b754dc..e97aa461c9 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ add_go_binding(test_go_binding)
if (BUILD_GO_BINDINGS)
add_test(NAME go_binding_test
- COMMAND go test -v ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/go_binding_test.go
+ COMMAND ${GO_EXECUTABLE} test -v ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/go_binding_test.go
WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/src/mlpack/bindings/go/src/mlpack.org/v1/mlpack/)
set_tests_properties(go_binding_test
PROPERTIES ENVIRONMENT "GOPATH=$ENV{GOPATH}:${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/src/mlpack/bindings/go/;
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/tests/test_go_binding_main.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/tests/test_go_binding_main.cpp
index e255f3345e..3aeb255906 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/go/tests/test_go_binding_main.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/go/tests/test_go_binding_main.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,16 @@ using namespace std;
using namespace mlpack;
using namespace mlpack::kernel;
-PROGRAM_INFO("Golang binding test",
- "A simple program to test Golang binding functionality.",
- "A simple program to test Golang binding functionality. You can build "
+// Program Name.
+BINDING_NAME("Golang binding test");
+
+// Short description.
+BINDING_SHORT_DESC(
+ "A simple program to test Go binding functionality.");
+
+// Long description.
+BINDING_LONG_DESC(
+ "A simple program to test Go binding functionality. You can build "
"mlpack with the BUILD_TESTS option set to off, and this binding will "
"no longer be built.");
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/generate_jl.cpp.in b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/generate_jl.cpp.in
index 289342f7a7..8dbd38470c 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/generate_jl.cpp.in
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/generate_jl.cpp.in
@@ -35,5 +35,5 @@ int main(int /* argc */, char** /* argv */)
// programName is defined in mlpack_main.hpp.
IO::RestoreSettings(programName);
- PrintJL(*IO::GetSingleton().doc, "${NAME}", "${MLPACK_JL_LIB_SUFFIX}");
+ PrintJL(IO::GetSingleton().doc, "${NAME}", "${MLPACK_JL_LIB_SUFFIX}");
}
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
index 2c1ef7fe9f..3e8b69b845 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ inline std::string CreateInputArguments(const std::string& paramName,
{
// Unknown parameter!
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter '" + paramName + "' " +
- "encountered while assembling documentation! Check PROGRAM_INFO() " +
- "declaration.");
+ "encountered while assembling documentation! Check BINDING_LONG_DESC()"
+ + " and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.");
}
}
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ inline void GetOptions(
{
// Unknown parameter!
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter '" + paramName + "' " +
- "encountered while assembling documentation! Check PROGRAM_INFO() " +
- "declaration.");
+ "encountered while assembling documentation! Check BINDING_LONG_DESC()"
+ + " and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.");
}
}
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_jl.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_jl.cpp
index bc68a8fc83..5bf6eb26a9 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_jl.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_jl.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
#include
-using namespace mlpack;
+using namespace mlpack::util;
using namespace std;
namespace mlpack {
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ extern std::string programName;
/**
* Print the code for a .jl binding for an mlpack program to stdout.
*/
-void PrintJL(const util::ProgramDoc& programInfo,
+void PrintJL(const util::BindingDetails& doc,
const string& functionName,
const std::string& mlpackJuliaLibSuffix)
{
// Restore parameters.
- IO::RestoreSettings(programInfo.programName);
+ IO::RestoreSettings(doc.programName);
map& parameters = IO::Parameters();
typedef map::iterator ParamIter;
@@ -168,10 +168,15 @@ void PrintJL(const util::ProgramDoc& programInfo,
cout << endl;
// Next print the description.
- cout << util::HyphenateString(programInfo.documentation(), 0) << endl;
+ cout << HyphenateString(doc.longDescription(), 0) << endl << endl;
+
+ // Next print the examples.
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < doc.example.size(); ++j)
+ {
+ cout << util::HyphenateString(doc.example[j](), 0) << endl << endl;
+ }
// Next, print information on the input options.
- cout << endl;
cout << "# Arguments" << endl;
cout << endl;
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_jl.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_jl.hpp
index 39b84295d2..5e73f590ff 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_jl.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/print_jl.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace julia {
/**
* Print the code for a .jl binding for an mlpack program to stdout.
*/
-void PrintJL(const util::ProgramDoc& programInfo,
+void PrintJL(const util::BindingDetails& doc,
const std::string& functionName,
const std::string& mlpackJuliaLibSuffix);
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/tests/test_julia_binding_main.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/tests/test_julia_binding_main.cpp
index a91d6e0f6a..5ba385cf2b 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/tests/test_julia_binding_main.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/julia/tests/test_julia_binding_main.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,15 @@ using namespace std;
using namespace mlpack;
using namespace mlpack::kernel;
-PROGRAM_INFO("Julia binding test",
- "A simple program to test Julia binding functionality.",
+// Program Name.
+BINDING_NAME("Julia binding test");
+
+// Short description.
+BINDING_SHORT_DESC(
+ "A simple program to test Julia binding functionality.");
+
+// Long description.
+BINDING_LONG_DESC(
"A simple program to test Julia binding functionality. You can build "
"mlpack with the BUILD_TESTS option set to off, and this binding will "
"no longer be built.");
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/binding_info.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/binding_info.cpp
index e76ee2eb39..eed8e2098a 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/binding_info.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/binding_info.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ namespace mlpack {
namespace bindings {
namespace markdown {
-util::ProgramDoc& BindingInfo::GetProgramDoc(const std::string& bindingName)
+util::BindingDetails& BindingInfo::GetBindingDetails(
+ const std::string& bindingName)
{
if (GetSingleton().map.count(bindingName) == 0)
{
@@ -28,14 +29,6 @@ util::ProgramDoc& BindingInfo::GetProgramDoc(const std::string& bindingName)
return GetSingleton().map.at(bindingName);
}
-
-//! Register a ProgramDoc object with the given bindingName.
-void BindingInfo::RegisterProgramDoc(const std::string& bindingName,
- const util::ProgramDoc& programDoc)
-{
- GetSingleton().map[bindingName] = programDoc;
-}
-
//! Get or modify the current language (don't set it to something invalid!).
std::string& BindingInfo::Language()
{
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/binding_info.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/binding_info.hpp
index b93738b26e..319bb0bcac 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/binding_info.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/binding_info.hpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
*
* This file defines the BindingInfo singleton class that is used specifically
* for the Markdown bindings to map from a binding name (i.e. "knn") to
- * multiple ProgramDoc objects, which are then used to generate the
+ * multiple documentation objects, which are then used to generate the
* documentation.
*
* mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
#define MLPACK_BINDINGS_MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME_HPP
#include
-#include
+#include
namespace mlpack {
namespace bindings {
@@ -24,31 +24,28 @@ namespace markdown {
/**
* The BindingInfo class is used by the Markdown documentation generator to
- * store multiple ProgramDoc objects, indexed by both the binding name (i.e.
+ * store multiple documentation objects, indexed by both the binding name (i.e.
* "knn") and the language (i.e. "cli").
*/
class BindingInfo
{
public:
- //! Return a ProgramDoc object for a given bindingName.
- static util::ProgramDoc& GetProgramDoc(const std::string& bindingName);
-
- //! Register a ProgramDoc object with the given bindingName.
- static void RegisterProgramDoc(const std::string& bindingName,
- const util::ProgramDoc& programDoc);
+ //! Return a BindingDetails object for a given bindingName.
+ static util::BindingDetails& GetBindingDetails(
+ const std::string& bindingName);
//! Get or modify the current language (don't set it to something invalid!).
static std::string& Language();
- private:
- //! Private constructor, so that only one instance can be created.
- BindingInfo() { }
-
//! Get the singleton.
static BindingInfo& GetSingleton();
- //! Internally-held map for mapping a binding name to a ProgramDoc name.
- std::unordered_map map;
+ //! Internally-held map for mapping a binding name to a BindingDetails.
+ std::unordered_map map;
+
+ private:
+ //! Private constructor, so that only one instance can be created.
+ BindingInfo() { }
//! Holds the name of the language that we are currently printing. This is
//! modified before printing the documentation, and then used by
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/generate_markdown.binding.cpp.in b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/generate_markdown.binding.cpp.in
index b6ac08952a..a6286faeab 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/generate_markdown.binding.cpp.in
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/generate_markdown.binding.cpp.in
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
*/
-#define BINDING_NAME "${BINDING}"
+#define MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME "${BINDING}"
#include
#include "generate_markdown.${BINDING}.hpp"
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_doc_functions.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_doc_functions.hpp
index 35e60e0934..c122339b95 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_doc_functions.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_doc_functions.hpp
@@ -88,8 +88,9 @@ inline std::string ProgramCall(const std::string& programName);
/**
* Print what a user would type to invoke the given option name. Note that the
* name *must* exist in the IO module. (Note that because of the way
- * ProgramInfo is structured, this doesn't mean that all of the PARAM_*()
- * declarataions need to come before the PROGRAM_INFO() declaration.)
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() is structured, this doesn't mean
+ * that all of the PARAM_*() declarataions need to come before
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.)
*/
inline std::string ParamString(const std::string& paramName);
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
index da4718487a..968b30486b 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
@@ -596,8 +596,9 @@ inline std::string ProgramCall(const std::string& programName)
/**
* Print what a user would type to invoke the given option name. Note that the
* name *must* exist in the CLI module. (Note that because of the way
- * ProgramInfo is structured, this doesn't mean that all of the PARAM_*()
- * declarataions need to come before the PROGRAM_INFO() declaration.)
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() is structured, this doesn't mean
+ * that all of the PARAM_*() declarataions need to come before
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.)
*/
inline std::string ParamString(const std::string& paramName)
{
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_docs.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_docs.cpp
index 2ffacfd6cb..5d8a55e140 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_docs.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/print_docs.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
#include "print_docs.hpp"
#include
-#include
+#include
#include "binding_info.hpp"
#include "print_doc_functions.hpp"
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void PrintHeaders(const std::string& bindingName,
void PrintDocs(const std::string& bindingName,
const vector& languages)
{
- ProgramDoc& programDoc = BindingInfo::GetProgramDoc(bindingName);
+ BindingDetails& doc = BindingInfo::GetBindingDetails(bindingName);
IO::RestoreSettings(bindingName);
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ void PrintDocs(const std::string& bindingName,
// Next, print the logical name of the binding (that's known by
// ProgramInfo).
- cout << "#### " << programDoc.programName << endl;
+ cout << "#### " << doc.programName << endl;
cout << endl;
for (size_t i = 0; i < languages.size(); ++i)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ void PrintDocs(const std::string& bindingName,
}
cout << endl;
- cout << programDoc.shortDocumentation << " ";
+ cout << doc.shortDescription << " ";
for (size_t i = 0; i < languages.size(); ++i)
{
cout << "[Detailed documentation](#" << languages[i] << "_"
@@ -213,37 +213,44 @@ void PrintDocs(const std::string& bindingName,
cout << "{: #" << languages[i] << "_" << bindingName
<< "_detailed-documentation }" << endl;
cout << endl;
- string doc = boost::replace_all_copy(programDoc.documentation(),
- "|", "\\|");
- cout << doc << endl;
- cout << endl;
+ string desc = boost::replace_all_copy(doc.longDescription(),
+ "|", "\\|");
+ cout << desc << endl << endl;
+ if (doc.example.size() > 0)
+ cout << "### Example" << endl;
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < doc.example.size(); ++j)
+ {
+ string eg = boost::replace_all_copy(doc.example[j](),
+ "|", "\\|");
+ cout << eg << endl << endl;
+ }
cout << "### See also" << endl;
cout << endl;
- for (size_t j = 0; j < programDoc.seeAlso.size(); ++j)
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < doc.seeAlso.size(); ++j)
{
cout << " - " << "[";
// We need special processing if the user has specified a binding name
// starting with @ (i.e., '@kfn' or similar).
- if (programDoc.seeAlso[j].first[0] == '@')
- cout << GetBindingName(programDoc.seeAlso[j].first.substr(1));
+ if (doc.seeAlso[j].first[0] == '@')
+ cout << GetBindingName(doc.seeAlso[j].first.substr(1));
else
- cout << programDoc.seeAlso[j].first;
+ cout << doc.seeAlso[j].first;
cout << "](";
// We need special handling of Doxygen information.
- if (programDoc.seeAlso[j].second.substr(0, 8) == "@doxygen")
+ if (doc.seeAlso[j].second.substr(0, 8) == "@doxygen")
{
- cout << DOXYGEN_PREFIX << programDoc.seeAlso[j].second.substr(9);
+ cout << DOXYGEN_PREFIX << doc.seeAlso[j].second.substr(9);
}
- else if (programDoc.seeAlso[j].second[0] == '#')
+ else if (doc.seeAlso[j].second[0] == '#')
{
cout << "#" << languages[i] << "_"
- << programDoc.seeAlso[j].second.substr(1);
+ << doc.seeAlso[j].second.substr(1);
}
else
{
- cout << programDoc.seeAlso[j].second;
+ cout << doc.seeAlso[j].second;
}
cout << ")" << endl;
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/program_doc_wrapper.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/program_doc_wrapper.hpp
index 5811f54115..9cc333bdd6 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/program_doc_wrapper.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/markdown/program_doc_wrapper.hpp
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
* @file bindings/markdown/program_doc_wrapper.hpp
* @author Ryan Curtin
*
- * A simple wrapper around ProgramDoc that also calls
- * BindingInfo::RegisterProgramDoc() upon construction.
+ * A simple wrapper around programName, shortDescription, longDescription,
+ * example and seeAlso that also respectively register all the macros upon
+ * construction.
*
* mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
@@ -19,23 +20,73 @@ namespace mlpack {
namespace bindings {
namespace markdown {
-class ProgramDocWrapper
+class ProgramNameWrapper
{
public:
/**
- * Construct a ProgramDoc object and register it with
- * BindingInfo::RegisterProgramDoc().
+ * Register programName.
*/
- ProgramDocWrapper(const std::string& bindingName,
- const std::string& programName,
- const std::string& shortDocumentation,
- const std::function& documentation,
- const std::vector>&
- seeAlso)
+ ProgramNameWrapper(const std::string& bindingName,
+ const std::string& programName)
{
- util::ProgramDoc pd(programName, shortDocumentation, documentation,
- seeAlso);
- BindingInfo::RegisterProgramDoc(bindingName, pd);
+ BindingInfo::GetSingleton().map[bindingName].programName =
+ std::move(programName);
+ }
+};
+
+class ShortDescriptionWrapper
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Register shortDescription.
+ */
+ ShortDescriptionWrapper(const std::string& bindingName,
+ const std::string& shortDescription)
+ {
+ BindingInfo::GetSingleton().map[bindingName].shortDescription =
+ std::move(shortDescription);
+ }
+};
+
+class LongDescriptionWrapper
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Register longDescription.
+ */
+ LongDescriptionWrapper(const std::string& bindingName,
+ const std::function& longDescription)
+ {
+ BindingInfo::GetSingleton().map[bindingName].longDescription =
+ std::move(longDescription);
+ }
+};
+
+class ExampleWrapper
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Register example.
+ */
+ ExampleWrapper(const std::string& bindingName,
+ const std::function& example)
+ {
+ BindingInfo::GetSingleton().map[bindingName].example.push_back(
+ std::move(example));
+ }
+};
+
+class SeeAlsoWrapper
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Register seeAlso.
+ */
+ SeeAlsoWrapper(const std::string& bindingName,
+ const std::string& description, const std::string& link)
+ {
+ BindingInfo::GetSingleton().map[bindingName].seeAlso.push_back(
+ std::move(std::make_pair(description, link)));
}
};
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/CMakeLists.txt b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/CMakeLists.txt
index 71965da76d..191a5eb00d 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -14,32 +14,45 @@ if (NOT BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS)
endif ()
# Generate Python setuptools file.
-find_package(PythonInterp)
-if (NOT PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)
- not_found_return("Python not found; not building Python bindings.")
-else ()
- message(STATUS "Found Python: ${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}")
-endif ()
-
# Import find_python_module.
include(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMake/FindPythonModule.cmake)
+find_package(PythonInterp)
+if (NOT PYTHON_EXECUTABLE)
+ set(PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG "${PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG}\n - Python")
+endif()
find_python_module(distutils)
if (NOT PY_DISTUTILS)
- not_found_return("distutils not found; not building Python bindings.")
+ set(PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG "${PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG}\n - distutils")
endif ()
find_python_module(Cython 0.24)
if (NOT PY_CYTHON)
- not_found_return("Cython not found; not building Python bindings.")
+ set(PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG "${PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG}\n - Cython")
endif ()
find_python_module(numpy)
if (NOT PY_NUMPY)
- not_found_return("numpy not found; not building Python bindings.")
+ set(PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG "${PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG}\n - numpy")
endif ()
find_python_module(pandas 0.15.0)
if (NOT PY_PANDAS)
- not_found_return("pandas not found; not building Python bindings.")
+ set(PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG "${PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG}\n - pandas")
endif ()
+## We need to check here if Python and other dependencies is even available, as
+## it is require to build python-bindings.
+if (FORCE_BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS)
+ if (NOT PYTHON_EXECUTABLE OR NOT PY_DISTUTILS OR NOT PY_CYTHON OR NOT PY_NUMPY
+ OR NOT PY_PANDAS)
+ unset(BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS CACHE)
+ message(FATAL_ERROR "\nCould not Build Python Bindings; the following modules are not available: ${PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG}")
+ endif()
+else()
+ if (NOT PYTHON_EXECUTABLE OR NOT PY_DISTUTILS OR NOT PY_CYTHON OR NOT PY_NUMPY
+ OR NOT PY_PANDAS)
+ unset(BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS CACHE)
+ not_found_return("Not building Python bindings; the following modules are not available: ${PY_NOT_FOUND_MSG}")
+ endif()
+endif()
+
set(BUILDING_PYTHON_BINDINGS ON PARENT_SCOPE)
# Nothing in this directory will be compiled into mlpack.
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/generate_pyx.cpp.in b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/generate_pyx.cpp.in
index 7eb2824969..09905be574 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/generate_pyx.cpp.in
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/generate_pyx.cpp.in
@@ -45,6 +45,5 @@ int main(int /* argc */, char** /* argv */)
// programName is defined in mlpack_main.hpp.
IO::RestoreSettings(programName);
- PrintPYX(*IO::GetSingleton().doc, "${PROGRAM_MAIN_FILE}",
- "${PROGRAM_NAME}");
+ PrintPYX(IO::GetSingleton().doc, "${PROGRAM_MAIN_FILE}", "${PROGRAM_NAME}");
}
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
index 9e6bebd987..4f282e2a68 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_doc_functions_impl.hpp
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ std::string PrintInputOptions(const std::string& paramName,
{
// Unknown parameter!
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter '" + paramName + "' " +
- "encountered while assembling documentation! Check PROGRAM_INFO() " +
- "declaration.");
+ "encountered while assembling documentation! Check BINDING_LONG_DESC()"
+ + " and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.");
}
// Continue recursion.
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ std::string PrintOutputOptions(const std::string& paramName,
{
// Unknown parameter!
throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter '" + paramName + "' " +
- "encountered while assembling documentation! Check PROGRAM_INFO() " +
- "declaration.");
+ "encountered while assembling documentation! Check BINDING_LONG_DESC()"
+ + " and BINDING_EXAMPLE() declaration.");
}
// Continue recursion.
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_pyx.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_pyx.cpp
index 72b895697b..87a412346b 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_pyx.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_pyx.cpp
@@ -26,18 +26,17 @@ namespace python {
* Given a list of parameter definition and program documentation, print a
* generated .pyx file to stdout.
*
- * @param parameters List of parameters the program will use (from IO).
- * @param programInfo Documentation for the program.
+ * @param doc Documentation for the program.
* @param mainFilename Filename of the main program (i.e.
* "/path/to/pca_main.cpp").
* @param functionName Name of the function (i.e. "pca").
*/
-void PrintPYX(const ProgramDoc& programInfo,
+void PrintPYX(const util::BindingDetails& doc,
const string& mainFilename,
const string& functionName)
{
// Restore parameters.
- IO::RestoreSettings(programInfo.programName);
+ IO::RestoreSettings(doc.programName);
std::map& parameters = IO::Parameters();
typedef std::map::iterator ParamIter;
@@ -143,10 +142,19 @@ void PrintPYX(const ProgramDoc& programInfo,
// Print the comment describing the function and its parameters.
cout << " \"\"\"" << endl;
- cout << " " << programInfo.programName << endl;
+ cout << " " << doc.programName << endl;
cout << endl;
- cout << " " << HyphenateString(programInfo.documentation(), 2) << endl;
- cout << endl << endl;
+
+ // Print the description.
+ cout << " " << HyphenateString(doc.longDescription(), 2) << endl << endl;
+
+ // Next print the examples.
+ for (size_t j = 0; j < doc.example.size(); ++j)
+ {
+ cout << " " << util::HyphenateString(doc.example[j](), 2) << endl << endl;
+ }
+
+ // Next, print information on the input options.
cout << " Input parameters:" << endl;
cout << endl;
for (size_t i = 0; i < inputOptions.size(); ++i)
@@ -184,7 +192,7 @@ void PrintPYX(const ProgramDoc& programInfo,
cout << " DisableVerbose()" << endl;
// Restore the parameters.
- cout << " IO.RestoreSettings(\"" << programInfo.programName << "\")"
+ cout << " IO.RestoreSettings(\"" << doc.programName << "\")"
<< endl;
// Determine whether or not we need to copy parameters.
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_pyx.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_pyx.hpp
index 896840e3c8..999fd3153b 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_pyx.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/print_pyx.hpp
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ namespace python {
* Given a list of parameter definition and program documentation, print a
* generated .pyx file to stdout.
*
- * @param programInfo Documentation for the program.
+ * @param doc Documentation for the program.
* @param mainFilename Filename of the main program (i.e.
* "/path/to/pca_main.cpp").
* @param functionName Name of the function (i.e. "pca").
*/
-void PrintPYX(const util::ProgramDoc& programInfo,
+void PrintPYX(const util::BindingDetails& doc,
const std::string& mainFilename,
const std::string& functionName);
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/tests/test_python_binding_main.cpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/tests/test_python_binding_main.cpp
index eca99cdff2..ec24202d8e 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/python/tests/test_python_binding_main.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/python/tests/test_python_binding_main.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,15 @@ using namespace std;
using namespace mlpack;
using namespace mlpack::kernel;
-PROGRAM_INFO("Python binding test",
- "A simple program to test Python binding functionality.",
+// Program Name.
+BINDING_NAME("Python binding test");
+
+// Short description.
+BINDING_SHORT_DESC(
+ "A simple program to test Python binding functionality.");
+
+// Long description.
+BINDING_LONG_DESC(
"A simple program to test Python binding functionality. You can build "
"mlpack with the BUILD_TESTS option set to off, and this binding will "
"no longer be built.");
diff --git a/src/mlpack/bindings/tests/test_option.hpp b/src/mlpack/bindings/tests/test_option.hpp
index 95332019f3..206126f958 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/bindings/tests/test_option.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/bindings/tests/test_option.hpp
@@ -108,35 +108,6 @@ class TestOption
}
};
-/**
- * A static object whose constructor registers program documentation with the
- * IO class. This should not be used outside of IO itself, and you should use
- * the PROGRAM_INFO() macro to declare these objects. Only one ProgramDoc
- * object should ever exist.
- *
- * @see core/util/io.hpp, mlpack::IO
- */
-class ProgramDoc
-{
- public:
- /**
- * Construct a ProgramDoc object. When constructed, it will register itself
- * with IO.
- *
- * @param programName Short string representing the name of the program.
- * @param documentation Long string containing documentation on how to use the
- * program and what it is. No newline characters are necessary; this is
- * taken care of by IO later.
- */
- ProgramDoc(const std::string& programName,
- const std::string& documentation);
-
- //! The name of the program.
- std::string programName;
- //! Documentation for what the program does.
- std::string documentation;
-};
-
} // namespace tests
} // namespace bindings
} // namespace mlpack
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/math/CMakeLists.txt b/src/mlpack/core/math/CMakeLists.txt
index 6bacd597f8..64c8b1a15b 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/core/math/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/math/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ set(SOURCES
log_add.hpp
log_add_impl.hpp
make_alias.hpp
+ multiply_slices_impl.hpp
+ multiply_slices.hpp
random.hpp
random.cpp
random_basis.hpp
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/math/multiply_slices.hpp b/src/mlpack/core/math/multiply_slices.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c07095c6d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/math/multiply_slices.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/**
+ * @file core/math/multiply_slices.hpp
+ * @author Mrityunjay Tripathi
+ *
+ * Function to perform matrix multiplication on cubes.
+ *
+ * mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
+ * 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MLPACK_CORE_MATH_MULTIPLY_SLICES_HPP
+#define MLPACK_CORE_MATH_MULTIPLY_SLICES_HPP
+
+#include
+
+namespace mlpack {
+namespace math /** Miscellaneous math routines. */ {
+
+/**
+ * Matrix multiplication of slices of two cubes. This function expects
+ * both cubes to have the same number of slices. For example, a valid operation
+ * would be: cube A of shape (m, p, s) multiplied by cube B of shape (p, n, s)
+ * resulting in a cube of shape (m, n, s).
+ *
+ * @param cubeA First cube.
+ * @param cubeB Second cube.
+ * @param aTranspose Whether slices of first cube have to be transposed.
+ * @param bTranspose Whether slices of second cube have to be transposed.
+ */
+template
+CubeType MultiplyCube2Cube(const CubeType& cubeA,
+ const CubeType& cubeB,
+ const bool aTranspose = false,
+ const bool bTranspose = false);
+/**
+ * Matrix multiplication of a matrix and all the slices of a cube. This function
+ * is used when the first object is a matrix and the second object is a cube.
+ * For example, a valid operation would be: matrix A of shape (m, p)
+ * multiplied by cube B of shape (p, n, s) resulting in a cube
+ * of shape (m, n, s).
+ *
+ * @param matA The matrix as the first operand.
+ * @param cubeB The cube as the second operand.
+ * @param aTranspose Whether matrix has to be transposed.
+ * @param bTranspose Whether slices of cube have to be transposed.
+ */
+template
+CubeType MultiplyMat2Cube(const MatType& matA,
+ const CubeType& cubeB,
+ const bool aTranspose = false,
+ const bool bTranspose = false);
+/**
+ * Matrix multiplication of all slices of a cube with a matrix. This function
+ * is used when the first object is a cube and the second object is a matrix.
+ * For example, a valid operation would be: cube A of shape (m, p, s)
+ * multiplied by a matrix of shape (p, n) resulting in a cube
+ * of shape (m, n, s).
+ *
+ * @param cubeA The cube as the first operand.
+ * @param matB The matrix as the second operand.
+ * @param aTranspose Whether slices of cube have to be transposed.
+ * @param bTranspose Whether matrix has to be transposed.
+ */
+template
+CubeType MultiplyCube2Mat(const CubeType& cubeA,
+ const MatType& matB,
+ const bool aTranspose = false,
+ const bool bTranspose = false);
+
+} // namespace math
+} // namespace mlpack
+
+// Include implementation.
+#include "multiply_slices_impl.hpp"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/math/multiply_slices_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/core/math/multiply_slices_impl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56ffbb2f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/math/multiply_slices_impl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/**
+ * @file core/math/multiply_slices_impl.hpp
+ * @author Mrityunjay Tripathi
+ *
+ * Implementation of matrix multiplication over slices.
+ *
+ * mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
+ * 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MLPACK_CORE_MATH_MULTIPLY_SLICES_IMPL_HPP
+#define MLPACK_CORE_MATH_MULTIPLY_SLICES_IMPL_HPP
+
+#include "multiply_slices.hpp"
+
+namespace mlpack {
+namespace math /** Miscellaneous math routines. */ {
+
+template
+CubeType MultiplyCube2Cube(const CubeType& cubeA,
+ const CubeType& cubeB,
+ const bool aTranspose,
+ const bool bTranspose)
+{
+ size_t rows = cubeA.n_rows, cols = cubeB.n_cols, slices = cubeA.n_slices;
+
+ if (cubeA.n_slices != cubeB.n_slices)
+ Log::Fatal << "Number of slices is not same in both cubes." << std::endl;
+
+ if (aTranspose && bTranspose)
+ {
+ if (cubeA.n_rows != cubeB.n_cols)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ rows = cubeA.n_cols;
+ cols = cubeB.n_rows;
+ }
+ else if (bTranspose && !aTranspose)
+ {
+ if (cubeA.n_cols != cubeB.n_cols)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ cols = cubeB.n_rows;
+ }
+ else if (aTranspose && !bTranspose)
+ {
+ if (cubeA.n_rows != cubeB.n_rows)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ rows = cubeA.n_cols;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (cubeA.n_cols != cubeB.n_rows)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ CubeType z(rows, cols, slices);
+
+ if (aTranspose && bTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = arma::trans(cubeB.slice(i) * cubeA.slice(i));
+ }
+ else if (bTranspose && !aTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = cubeA.slice(i) * cubeB.slice(i).t();
+ }
+ else if (aTranspose && !bTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = cubeA.slice(i).t() * cubeB.slice(i);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = cubeA.slice(i) * cubeB.slice(i);
+ }
+ return z;
+}
+
+template
+CubeType MultiplyMat2Cube(const MatType& matA,
+ const CubeType& cubeB,
+ const bool aTranspose,
+ const bool bTranspose)
+{
+ size_t rows = matA.n_rows, cols = cubeB.n_cols, slices = cubeB.n_slices;
+
+ if (aTranspose && bTranspose)
+ {
+ if (matA.n_rows != cubeB.n_cols)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ rows = matA.n_cols;
+ cols = cubeB.n_rows;
+ }
+ else if (bTranspose && !aTranspose)
+ {
+ if (matA.n_cols != cubeB.n_cols)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ cols = cubeB.n_rows;
+ }
+ else if (aTranspose && !bTranspose)
+ {
+ if (matA.n_rows != cubeB.n_rows)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ rows = matA.n_cols;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (matA.n_cols != cubeB.n_rows)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ CubeType z(rows, cols, slices);
+
+ if (aTranspose && bTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = arma::trans(cubeB.slice(i) * matA);
+ }
+ else if (bTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = matA * cubeB.slice(i).t();
+ }
+ else if (aTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = matA.t() * cubeB.slice(i);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = matA * cubeB.slice(i);
+ }
+ return z;
+}
+
+template
+CubeType MultiplyCube2Mat(const CubeType& cubeA,
+ const MatType& matB,
+ const bool aTranspose,
+ const bool bTranspose)
+{
+ size_t rows = cubeA.n_rows, cols = matB.n_cols, slices = cubeA.n_slices;
+
+ if (aTranspose && bTranspose)
+ {
+ if (cubeA.n_rows != matB.n_cols)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ rows = cubeA.n_cols;
+ cols = matB.n_rows;
+ }
+ else if (bTranspose && !aTranspose)
+ {
+ if (cubeA.n_cols != matB.n_cols)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ cols = matB.n_rows;
+ }
+ else if (aTranspose && !bTranspose)
+ {
+ if (cubeA.n_rows != matB.n_rows)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+ rows = cubeA.n_cols;
+ }
+ else
+ if (cubeA.n_cols != matB.n_rows)
+ Log::Fatal << "Matrix multiplication invalid!" << std::endl;
+
+ CubeType z(rows, cols, slices);
+
+ if (aTranspose && bTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = arma::trans(matB * cubeA.slice(i));
+ }
+ else if (bTranspose && !aTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = cubeA.slice(i) * matB.t();
+ }
+ else if (aTranspose && !bTranspose)
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = cubeA.slice(i).t() * matB;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < slices; ++i)
+ z.slice(i) = cubeA.slice(i) * matB;
+ }
+ return z;
+}
+
+} // namespace math
+} // namespace mlpack
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/util/CMakeLists.txt b/src/mlpack/core/util/CMakeLists.txt
index 17a565ef87..19ddff3293 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/core/util/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/util/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ set(SOURCES
arma_config_check.hpp
backtrace.hpp
backtrace.cpp
+ binding_details.hpp
io.hpp
io.cpp
io_impl.hpp
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/util/binding_details.hpp b/src/mlpack/core/util/binding_details.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34fabe6627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/util/binding_details.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * @file core/util/binding_details.hpp
+ * @author Yashwant Singh Parihar
+ *
+ * This defines the structure that holds documentation details for bindings.
+ *
+ * mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
+ * 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
+ */
+#ifndef MLPACK_CORE_UTIL_BINDING_DETAILS_HPP
+#define MLPACK_CORE_UTIL_BINDING_DETAILS_HPP
+
+#include
+#include "program_doc.hpp"
+
+namespace mlpack {
+namespace util {
+
+/**
+ * This structure holds all of the information about bindings documentation.
+ */
+struct BindingDetails
+{
+ //! Name of the binding.
+ std::string programName;
+ //! A short two-sentence description of the binding, what it does, and what
+ //! it is useful for.
+ std::string shortDescription;
+ //! Long string containing documentation on what it is. No newline characters
+ //! are necessary; this is taken care of by IO later.
+ std::function longDescription;
+ //! Documentation on how to use the binding.
+ std::vector> example;
+ //! A set of pairs of strings with useful "see also" information; each pair
+ //! is .
+ std::vector> seeAlso;
+};
+
+} // namespace util
+} // namespace mlpack
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/util/io.cpp b/src/mlpack/core/util/io.cpp
index b5e5fe9de7..12df2a50c6 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/core/util/io.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/util/io.cpp
@@ -17,19 +17,15 @@
using namespace mlpack;
using namespace mlpack::util;
-// Fake ProgramDoc in case none is supplied.
-static ProgramDoc emptyProgramDoc = ProgramDoc("", "", []() { return ""; },
- {});
-
/* Constructors, Destructors, Copy */
/* Make the constructor private, to preclude unauthorized instances */
-IO::IO() : didParse(false), doc(&emptyProgramDoc)
+IO::IO() : didParse(false)
{
return;
}
// Private copy constructor; don't want copies floating around.
-IO::IO(const IO& /* other */) : didParse(false), doc(&emptyProgramDoc)
+IO::IO(const IO& /* other */) : didParse(false)
{
return;
}
@@ -154,20 +150,6 @@ IO& IO::GetSingleton()
return singleton;
}
-/**
- * Registers a ProgramDoc object, which contains documentation about the
- * program.
- *
- * @param doc Pointer to the ProgramDoc object.
- */
-void IO::RegisterProgramDoc(ProgramDoc* doc)
-{
- // Only register the doc if it is not the dummy object we created at the
- // beginning of the file (as a default value in case this is never called).
- if (doc != &emptyProgramDoc)
- GetSingleton().doc = doc;
-}
-
// Get the parameters that the IO object knows about.
std::map& IO::Parameters()
{
@@ -180,10 +162,10 @@ std::map& IO::Aliases()
return GetSingleton().aliases;
}
-// Get the program name as set by PROGRAM_INFO().
+// Get the program name as set by BINDING_NAME().
std::string IO::ProgramName()
{
- return GetSingleton().doc->programName;
+ return GetSingleton().doc.programName;
}
// Set a particular parameter as passed.
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/util/io.hpp b/src/mlpack/core/util/io.hpp
index c0da36f8ae..427142c897 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/core/util/io.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/util/io.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
#include
#include "timers.hpp"
+#include "binding_details.hpp"
#include "program_doc.hpp"
#include "version.hpp"
@@ -32,13 +33,6 @@
#include
namespace mlpack {
-namespace util {
-
-// Externally defined in option.hpp, this class holds information about the
-// program being run.
-class ProgramDoc;
-
-} // namespace util
/**
* @brief Parses the command line for parameters and holds user-specified
@@ -76,7 +70,7 @@ class ProgramDoc;
* merely as a flag on the command line (no '=true' is required).
*
* Here is an example of a few parameters being defined; this is for the KNN
- * executable (methods/neighbor_search/knn_main.cpp):
+ * binding (methods/neighbor_search/knn_main.cpp):
*
* @code
* PARAM_STRING_REQ("reference_file", "File containing the reference dataset.",
@@ -99,14 +93,24 @@ class ProgramDoc;
* @section programinfo Documenting the program itself
*
* In addition to allowing documentation for each individual parameter and
- * module, the PROGRAM_INFO() macro provides support for documenting the program
- * itself. There should only be one instance of the PROGRAM_INFO() macro.
+ * module, the BINDING_NAME() macro provides support for documenting the
+ * programName, BINDING_SHORT_DESC() macro provides support for documenting the
+ * shortDescription, BINDING_LONG_DESC() macro provides support for documenting
+ * the longDescription, the BINDING_EXAMPLE() macro provides support for
+ * documenting the example and the BINDING_SEE_ALSO() macro provides support for
+ * documenting the seeAlso. There should only be one instance of the
+ * BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC() and BINDING_LONG_DESC() macros and there
+ * can be multiple instance of BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO() macro.
* Below is an example:
*
* @code
- * PROGRAM_INFO("Maximum Variance Unfolding", "This program performs maximum "
+ * BINDING_NAME("Maximum Variance Unfolding");
+ * BINDING_SHORT_DESC("An implementation of Maximum Variance Unfolding");
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC( "This program performs maximum "
* "variance unfolding on the given dataset, writing a lower-dimensional "
* "unfolded dataset to the given output file.");
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE("mvu", "input", "dataset", "new_dim", 5, "output", "output");
+ * BINDING_SEE_ALSO("Perceptron", "#perceptron");
* @endcode
*
* This description should be verbose, and explain to a non-expert user what the
@@ -152,10 +156,10 @@ class ProgramDoc;
*
* @note
* Options should only be defined in files which define `main()` (that is, main
- * executables). If options are defined elsewhere, they may be spuriously
- * included into other executables and confuse users. Similarly, if your
- * executable has options which you did not define, it is probably because the
- * option is defined somewhere else and included in your executable.
+ * bindings). If options are defined elsewhere, they may be spuriously
+ * included into other bindings and confuse users. Similarly, if your
+ * binding has options which you did not define, it is probably because the
+ * option is defined somewhere else and included in your binding.
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -240,21 +244,12 @@ class IO
*/
static IO& GetSingleton();
- /**
- * Registers a ProgramDoc object, which contains documentation about the
- * program. If this method has been called before (that is, if two
- * ProgramDocs are instantiated in the program), a fatal error will occur.
- *
- * @param doc Pointer to the ProgramDoc object.
- */
- static void RegisterProgramDoc(util::ProgramDoc* doc);
-
//! Return a modifiable list of parameters that IO knows about.
static std::map& Parameters();
//! Return a modifiable list of aliases that IO knows about.
static std::map& Aliases();
- //! Get the program name as set by the PROGRAM_INFO() macro.
+ //! Get the program name as set by the BINDING_NAME() macro.
static std::string ProgramName();
/**
@@ -313,7 +308,7 @@ class IO
bool didParse;
//! Holds the name of the program for --version. This is the true program
- //! name (argv[0]) not what is given in ProgramDoc.
+ //! name (argv[0]) not what is given in BindingDetails.
std::string programName;
//! Holds the timer objects.
@@ -322,9 +317,8 @@ class IO
//! So that Timer::Start() and Timer::Stop() can access the timer variable.
friend class Timer;
- //! Pointer to the ProgramDoc object.
- util::ProgramDoc* doc;
-
+ //! Holds the bindingDetails objects.
+ util::BindingDetails doc;
private:
/**
* Make the constructor private, to preclude unauthorized instances.
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/util/mlpack_main.hpp b/src/mlpack/core/util/mlpack_main.hpp
index 35cc9ae090..1bcf2a8915 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/core/util/mlpack_main.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/util/mlpack_main.hpp
@@ -152,12 +152,6 @@ using Option = mlpack::bindings::tests::TestOption;
// testName symbol should be defined in each binding test file
#include
-#undef PROGRAM_INFO
-#define PROGRAM_INFO(NAME, SHORT_DESC, DESC, ...) \
- static mlpack::util::ProgramDoc \
- io_programdoc_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramDoc(NAME, SHORT_DESC, \
- []() { return DESC; }, { __VA_ARGS__ })
-
#elif(BINDING_TYPE == BINDING_TYPE_PYX) // This is a Python binding.
// Matrices are transposed on load/save.
@@ -217,11 +211,10 @@ using Option = mlpack::bindings::python::PyOption;
static const std::string testName = "";
#include
-#undef PROGRAM_INFO
-#define PROGRAM_INFO(NAME, SHORT_DESC, DESC, ...) \
- static mlpack::util::ProgramDoc \
- io_programdoc_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramDoc(NAME, SHORT_DESC, \
- []() { return DESC; }, { __VA_ARGS__ }); \
+#undef BINDING_NAME
+#define BINDING_NAME(NAME) static \
+ mlpack::util::ProgramName \
+ io_programname_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramName(NAME); \
namespace mlpack { \
namespace bindings { \
namespace python { \
@@ -266,11 +259,10 @@ using Option = mlpack::bindings::julia::JuliaOption;
static const std::string testName = "";
#include
-#undef PROGRAM_INFO
-#define PROGRAM_INFO(NAME, SHORT_DESC, DESC, ...) static \
- mlpack::util::ProgramDoc \
- io_programdoc_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramDoc(NAME, SHORT_DESC, \
- []() { return DESC; }, { __VA_ARGS__ }); \
+#undef BINDING_NAME
+#define BINDING_NAME(NAME) static \
+ mlpack::util::ProgramName \
+ io_programname_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramName(NAME); \
namespace mlpack { \
namespace bindings { \
namespace julia { \
@@ -311,11 +303,10 @@ using Option = mlpack::bindings::go::GoOption;
static const std::string testName = "";
#include
-#undef PROGRAM_INFO
-#define PROGRAM_INFO(NAME, SHORT_DESC, DESC, ...) \
- static mlpack::util::ProgramDoc \
- io_programdoc_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramDoc(NAME, SHORT_DESC, \
- []() { return DESC; }, { __VA_ARGS__ }); \
+#undef BINDING_NAME
+#define BINDING_NAME(NAME) static \
+ mlpack::util::ProgramName \
+ io_programname_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramName(NAME); \
namespace mlpack { \
namespace bindings { \
namespace go { \
@@ -331,9 +322,11 @@ PARAM_FLAG("verbose", "Display informational messages and the full list of "
#elif BINDING_TYPE == BINDING_TYPE_MARKDOWN
-// We use BINDING_NAME in PROGRAM_INFO() so it needs to be defined.
-#ifndef BINDING_NAME
- #error "BINDING_NAME must be defined when BINDING_TYPE is Markdown!"
+// We use MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME in BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(),
+// BINDING_LONG_DESC(), BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO()
+// so it needs to be defined.
+#ifndef MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME
+ #error "MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME must be defined when BINDING_TYPE is Markdown!"
#endif
// This value doesn't actually matter, but it needs to be defined as something.
@@ -396,12 +389,55 @@ using Option = mlpack::bindings::markdown::MDOption;
#include
#include
-#undef PROGRAM_INFO
-#define PROGRAM_INFO(NAME, SHORT_DESC, DESC, ...) static \
- mlpack::bindings::markdown::ProgramDocWrapper \
- io_programdoc_dummy_object = \
- mlpack::bindings::markdown::ProgramDocWrapper(BINDING_NAME, NAME, \
- SHORT_DESC, []() { return DESC; }, { __VA_ARGS__ }); \
+#undef BINDING_NAME
+#undef BINDING_SHORT_DESC
+#undef BINDING_LONG_DESC
+#undef BINDING_EXAMPLE
+#undef BINDING_SEE_ALSO
+
+#define BINDING_NAME(NAME) static \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::ProgramNameWrapper \
+ io_programname_dummy_object = \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::ProgramNameWrapper( \
+ MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME, NAME);
+
+#define BINDING_SHORT_DESC(SHORT_DESC) static \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::ShortDescriptionWrapper \
+ io_programshort_desc_dummy_object = \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::ShortDescriptionWrapper( \
+ MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME, SHORT_DESC);
+
+#define BINDING_LONG_DESC(LONG_DESC) static \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::LongDescriptionWrapper \
+ io_programlong_desc_dummy_object = \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::LongDescriptionWrapper( \
+ MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME, []() { return std::string(LONG_DESC); });
+
+#ifdef __COUNTER__
+ #define BINDING_EXAMPLE(EXAMPLE) static \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::ExampleWrapper \
+ JOIN(io_programexample_dummy_object_, __COUNTER__) = \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::ExampleWrapper(MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME, \
+ []() { return(std::string(EXAMPLE)); });
+
+ #define BINDING_SEE_ALSO(DESCRIPTION, LINK) static \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::SeeAlsoWrapper \
+ JOIN(io_programsee_also_dummy_object_, __COUNTER__) = \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::SeeAlsoWrapper(MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME, \
+ DESCRIPTION, LINK);
+#else
+ #define BINDING_EXAMPLE(EXAMPLE) static \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::ExampleWrapper \
+ JOIN(JOIN(io_programexample_dummy_object_, __LINE__), opt) = \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::ExampleWrapper(MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME, \
+ []() { return(std::string(EXAMPLE)); });
+
+ #define BINDING_SEE_ALSO(DESCRIPTION, LINK) static \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::SeeAlsoWrapper \
+ JOIN(JOIN(io_programsee_also_dummy_object_, __LINE__), opt) = \
+ mlpack::bindings::markdown::SeeAlsoWrapper(MARKDOWN_BINDING_NAME, \
+ DESCRIPTION, LINK);
+#endif
PARAM_FLAG("verbose", "Display informational messages and the full list of "
"parameters and timers at the end of execution.", "v");
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/util/param.hpp b/src/mlpack/core/util/param.hpp
index b346c20400..ab679a2f00 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/core/util/param.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/util/param.hpp
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
* @author Ryan Curtin
*
* Definition of PARAM_*_IN() and PARAM_*_OUT() macros, as well as the
- * PROGRAM_INFO() macro, which are used to define input and output parameters of
- * command-line programs and bindings to other languages.
+ * Documentation related macro, which are used to define input and output
+ * parameters of command-line programs and bindings to other languages.
*
* mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
@@ -30,6 +30,118 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
} // namespace mlpack
/**
+ * @cond
+ * Don't document internal macros.
+ */
+
+// These are ugly, but necessary utility functions we must use to generate a
+// unique identifier inside of the PARAM() module.
+#define JOIN(x, y) JOIN_AGAIN(x, y)
+#define JOIN_AGAIN(x, y) x ## y
+
+/** @endcond */
+
+/**
+ * Specify the program name of a binding. Only one instance of this macro
+ * should be present in your program! Therefore, use it in the main.cpp
+ * (or corresponding binding) in your program.
+ *
+ * @see mlpack::IO, PARAM_FLAG(), PARAM_INT_IN(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN(), PARAM_INT_OUT(), PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT(),
+ * PARAM_VECTOR_OUT(), PARAM_INT_IN_REQ(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN_REQ(), PARAM_INT_OUT_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_STRING_OUT_REQ().
+ *
+ * @param NAME Short string representing the name of the program.
+ */
+#define BINDING_NAME(NAME) static \
+ mlpack::util::ProgramName \
+ io_programname_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramName(NAME);
+
+/**
+ * Specify the short description of a binding. Only one instance of this macro
+ * should be present in your program! Therefore, use it in the main.cpp
+ * (or corresponding binding) in your program.
+ *
+ * @see mlpack::IO, PARAM_FLAG(), PARAM_INT_IN(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN(), PARAM_INT_OUT(), PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT(),
+ * PARAM_VECTOR_OUT(), PARAM_INT_IN_REQ(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN_REQ(), PARAM_INT_OUT_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_STRING_OUT_REQ().
+ *
+ * @param SHORT_DESC Short two-sentence description of the program; it should
+ * describe what the program implements and does, and a quick overview of
+ * how it can be used and what it should be used for.
+ */
+#define BINDING_SHORT_DESC(SHORT_DESC) static \
+ mlpack::util::ShortDescription \
+ io_programshort_desc_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ShortDescription( \
+ SHORT_DESC);
+
+/**
+ * Specify the long description of a binding. Only one instance of this macro
+ * present in your program! Therefore, use it in the main.cpp
+ * (or corresponding binding) in your program.
+ *
+ * @see mlpack::IO, PARAM_FLAG(), PARAM_INT_IN(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN(), PARAM_INT_OUT(), PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT(),
+ * PARAM_VECTOR_OUT(), PARAM_INT_IN_REQ(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN_REQ(), PARAM_INT_OUT_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_STRING_OUT_REQ().
+ *
+ * @param LONG_DESC Long string describing what the program does. Newlines
+ * should not be used here; this is taken care of by IO (however, you
+ * can explicitly specify newlines to denote new paragraphs). You can
+ * also use printing macros like PRINT_PARAM_STRING(), PRINT_DATASET(),
+ * and others.
+ */
+#define BINDING_LONG_DESC(LONG_DESC) static \
+ mlpack::util::LongDescription \
+ io_programlong_desc_dummy_object = mlpack::util::LongDescription( \
+ []() { return std::string(LONG_DESC); });
+
+/**
+ * Specify the example of a binding. Mutiple instance of this macro can be
+ * present in your program! Therefore, use it in the main.cpp
+ * (or corresponding binding) in your program.
+ *
+ * @see mlpack::IO, PARAM_FLAG(), PARAM_INT_IN(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN(), PARAM_INT_OUT(), PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT(),
+ * PARAM_VECTOR_OUT(), PARAM_INT_IN_REQ(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN_REQ(), PARAM_INT_OUT_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_STRING_OUT_REQ().
+ *
+ * @param EXAMPLE Long string describing a simple usage example.. Newlines
+ * should not be used here; this is taken care of by IO (however, you
+ * can explicitly specify newlines to denote new paragraphs). You can
+ * also use printing macros like PRINT_CALL(), PRINT_DATASET(),
+ * and others.
+ */
+#ifdef __COUNTER__
+ #define BINDING_EXAMPLE(EXAMPLE) static \
+ mlpack::util::Example \
+ JOIN(io_programexample_dummy_object_, __COUNTER__) = \
+ mlpack::util::Example( \
+ []() { return(std::string(EXAMPLE)); });
+#else
+ #define BINDING_EXAMPLE(EXAMPLE) static \
+ mlpack::util::Example \
+ JOIN(JOIN(io_programexample_dummy_object_, __LINE__), opt) = \
+ mlpack::util::Example( \
+ []() { return(std::string(EXAMPLE)); });
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Specify the see-also of a binding. Mutiple instance of this macro can be
+ * present in your program! Therefore, use it in the main.cpp
+ * (or corresponding binding) in your program.
+ *
+ * @see mlpack::IO, PARAM_FLAG(), PARAM_INT_IN(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN(), PARAM_INT_OUT(), PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT(),
+ * PARAM_VECTOR_OUT(), PARAM_INT_IN_REQ(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_STRING_IN_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN_REQ(), PARAM_INT_OUT_REQ(),
+ * PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_STRING_OUT_REQ().
+ *
* Provide a link for a binding's "see also" documentation section, which is
* primarily (but not necessarily exclusively) used by the Markdown bindings
* This link can be specified by calling SEE_ALSO("description", "link"), where
@@ -42,36 +154,17 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* - A link to a Doxygen page, using the mangled Doxygen name after a
* '\@doxygen/', i.e., "@doxygen/mlpack1_1_adaboost1_1_AdaBoost".
*/
-#define SEE_ALSO(DESCRIPTION, LINK) {DESCRIPTION, LINK}
-
-/**
- * Document an executable. Only one instance of this macro should be
- * present in your program! Therefore, use it in the main.cpp
- * (or corresponding executable) in your program.
- *
- * @see mlpack::IO, PARAM_FLAG(), PARAM_INT_IN(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN(),
- * PARAM_STRING_IN(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN(), PARAM_INT_OUT(), PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT(),
- * PARAM_VECTOR_OUT(), PARAM_INT_IN_REQ(), PARAM_DOUBLE_IN_REQ(),
- * PARAM_STRING_IN_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_IN_REQ(), PARAM_INT_OUT_REQ(),
- * PARAM_DOUBLE_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_VECTOR_OUT_REQ(), PARAM_STRING_OUT_REQ().
- *
- * @param NAME Short string representing the name of the program.
- * @param SHORT_DESC Short two-sentence description of the program; it should
- * describe what the program implements and does, and a quick overview of
- * how it can be used and what it should be used for.
- * @param DESC Long string describing what the program does and possibly a
- * simple usage example. Newlines should not be used here; this is taken
- * care of by IO (however, you can explicitly specify newlines to denote
- * new paragraphs). You can also use printing macros like
- * PRINT_PARAM_STRING(), PRINT_DATASET(), and others.
- * @param ... A set of SEE_ALSO() macros that are used for generating
- * documentation. See the SEE_ALSO() macro. This is a varargs argument, so
- * you can add as many SEE_ALSO()s as you like.
- */
-#define PROGRAM_INFO(NAME, SHORT_DESC, DESC, ...) \
- static mlpack::util::ProgramDoc \
- io_programdoc_dummy_object = mlpack::util::ProgramDoc(NAME, SHORT_DESC, \
- []() { return DESC; }, { __VA_ARGS__ } )
+#ifdef __COUNTER__
+ #define BINDING_SEE_ALSO(DESCRIPTION, LINK) static \
+ mlpack::util::SeeAlso \
+ JOIN(io_programsee_also_dummy_object_, __COUNTER__) = \
+ mlpack::util::SeeAlso(DESCRIPTION, LINK);
+#else
+ #define BINDING_SEE_ALSO(DESCRIPTION, LINK) static \
+ mlpack::util::SeeAlso \
+ JOIN(JOIN(io_programsee_also_dummy_object_, __LINE__), opt) = \
+ mlpack::util::SeeAlso(DESCRIPTION, LINK);
+#endif
/**
* Define a flag parameter.
@@ -82,7 +175,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -108,7 +202,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
* @param DEF Default value of the parameter.
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
// Use a forward declaration of the class.
@@ -139,7 +234,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* printing macros like PRINT_PARAM_STRING() or PRINT_DATASET() or others
* here---it will cause problems.
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -165,7 +261,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
* @param DEF Default value of the parameter.
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -195,7 +292,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* printing macros like PRINT_PARAM_STRING() or PRINT_DATASET() or others
* here---it will cause problems.
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -213,7 +311,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
*
* The parameter can then be specified on the command line with
* --ID=value. If ALIAS is equal to DEF_MOD (which is set using the
- * PROGRAM_INFO() macro), the parameter can be specified with just --ID=value.
+ * BINDING_LONG_DESC() macro), the parameter can be specified with just
+ * --ID=value.
*
* @param ID Name of the parameter.
* @param DESC Quick description of the parameter (1-2 sentences). Don't use
@@ -222,7 +321,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
* @param DEF Default value of the parameter.
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -253,7 +353,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -827,7 +928,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -860,7 +962,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -899,7 +1002,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS One-character string representing the alias of the parameter.
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -1011,7 +1115,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -1035,7 +1140,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -1059,7 +1165,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -1085,7 +1192,8 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
* here---it will cause problems.
* @param ALIAS An alias for the parameter (one letter).
*
- * @see mlpack::IO, PROGRAM_INFO()
+ * @see mlpack::IO, BINDING_NAME(), BINDING_SHORT_DESC(), BINDING_LONG_DESC(),
+ * BINDING_EXAMPLE() and BINDING_SEE_ALSO().
*
* @bug
* The __COUNTER__ variable is used in most cases to guarantee a unique global
@@ -1098,18 +1206,6 @@ using DatasetInfo = DatasetMapper;
#define PARAM_VECTOR_IN_REQ(T, ID, DESC, ALIAS) \
PARAM_IN(std::vector, ID, DESC, ALIAS, std::vector(), true);
-/**
- * @cond
- * Don't document internal macros.
- */
-
-// These are ugly, but necessary utility functions we must use to generate a
-// unique identifier inside of the PARAM() module.
-#define JOIN(x, y) JOIN_AGAIN(x, y)
-#define JOIN_AGAIN(x, y) x ## y
-
-/** @endcond */
-
/**
* Define an input parameter. Don't use this function; use the other ones above
* that call it. Note that we are using the __LINE__ macro for naming these
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/util/program_doc.cpp b/src/mlpack/core/util/program_doc.cpp
index 0dc52bf13d..44f3f8a42b 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/core/util/program_doc.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/util/program_doc.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
/**
* @file core/util/program_doc.cpp
+ * @author Yashwant Singh Parihar
* @author Ryan Curtin
*
- * Implementation of the ProgramDoc class. The class registers itself with IO
- * when constructed.
+ * Implementation of mutiple classes that store information related to a binding.
+ * The classes register themselves with IO when constructed.
*
* mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
@@ -20,36 +21,70 @@ using namespace mlpack::util;
using namespace std;
/**
- * Construct a ProgramDoc object. When constructed, it will register itself
+ * Construct a ProgramName object. When constructed, it will register itself
* with IO. A fatal error will be thrown if more than one is constructed.
*
- * @param defaultModule Name of the default module.
- * @param shortDocumentation A short two-sentence description of the program,
- * what it does, and what it is useful for.
- * @param documentation Long string containing documentation on how to use the
- * program and what it is. No newline characters are necessary; this is
- * taken care of by IO later.
- * @param seeAlso A set of pairs of strings with useful "see also"
- * information; each pair is .
+ * @param programName Name of the binding.
*/
-ProgramDoc::ProgramDoc(
- const std::string programName,
- const std::string shortDocumentation,
- const std::function documentation,
- const std::vector> seeAlso) :
- programName(std::move(programName)),
- shortDocumentation(std::move(shortDocumentation)),
- documentation(std::move(documentation)),
- seeAlso(std::move(seeAlso))
+ProgramName::ProgramName(const std::string& programName)
{
// Register this with IO.
- IO::RegisterProgramDoc(this);
+ IO::GetSingleton().doc.programName = std::move(programName);
}
/**
- * Construct an empty ProgramDoc object.
+ * Construct a ShortDescription object. When constructed, it will register
+ * itself with IO. A fatal error will be thrown if more than one is
+ * constructed.
+ *
+ * @param shortDescription A short two-sentence description of the binding,
+ * what it does, and what it is useful for.
*/
-ProgramDoc::ProgramDoc()
+ShortDescription::ShortDescription(const std::string& shortDescription)
{
- IO::RegisterProgramDoc(this);
+ // Register this with IO.
+ IO::GetSingleton().doc.shortDescription = std::move(shortDescription);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Construct a LongDescription object. When constructed, it will register itself
+ * with IO. A fatal error will be thrown if more than one is constructed.
+ *
+ * @param longDescription Long string containing documentation on
+ * what it is. No newline characters are necessary; this is
+ * taken care of by IO later.
+ */
+LongDescription::LongDescription(
+ const std::function& longDescription)
+{
+ // Register this with IO.
+ IO::GetSingleton().doc.longDescription = std::move(longDescription);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Construct a Example object. When constructed, it will register itself
+ * with IO.
+ *
+ * @param example Documentation on how to use the binding.
+ */
+Example::Example(
+ const std::function& example)
+{
+ // Register this with IO.
+ IO::GetSingleton().doc.example.push_back(std::move(example));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Construct a SeeAlso object. When constructed, it will register itself
+ * with IO.
+ *
+ * @param description Description of SeeAlso.
+ * @param link Link of SeeAlso.
+ */
+SeeAlso::SeeAlso(
+ const std::string& description, const std::string& link)
+{
+ // Register this with IO.
+ IO::GetSingleton().doc.seeAlso.push_back(std::move(
+ make_pair(description, link)));
}
diff --git a/src/mlpack/core/util/program_doc.hpp b/src/mlpack/core/util/program_doc.hpp
index 2e9ee6e533..0d71d93fe5 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/core/util/program_doc.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/core/util/program_doc.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
/**
* @file core/util/program_doc.hpp
+ * @author Yashwant Singh Parihar
* @author Matthew Amidon
*
- * The structure used to store a program's name and documentation.
+ * Implementation of mutiple classes that store information related to a binding.
+ * The classes register themselves with IO when constructed.
*
* mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
* terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
@@ -15,50 +17,69 @@
namespace mlpack {
namespace util {
-/**
- * A static object whose constructor registers program documentation with the
- * IO class. This should not be used outside of IO itself, and you should use
- * the PROGRAM_INFO() macro to declare these objects. Only one ProgramDoc
- * object should ever exist.
- *
- * @see core/util/io.hpp, mlpack::IO
- */
-class ProgramDoc
+class ProgramName
{
public:
/**
- * Construct a ProgramDoc object. When constructed, it will register itself
- * with IO, and when the user calls --help (or whatever the option is named
- * for the given binding type), the given function that returns a std::string
- * will be returned.
+ * Construct a ProgramName object. When constructed, it will register itself
+ * with IO. A fatal error will be thrown if more than one is constructed.
*
- * @param programName Short string representing the name of the program.
- * @param shortDocumentation A short two-sentence description of the program,
- * what it does, and what it is useful for.
- * @param documentation Long string containing documentation on how to use the
- * program and what it is. No newline characters are necessary; this is
- * taken care of by IO later.
- * @param seeAlso A set of pairs of strings with useful "see also"
- * information; each pair is .
+ * @param programName Name of the binding.
*/
- ProgramDoc(const std::string programName,
- const std::string shortDocumentation,
- const std::function documentation,
- const std::vector> seeAlso);
+ ProgramName(const std::string& programName);
+};
+class ShortDescription
+{
+ public:
/**
- * Construct an empty ProgramDoc object. (This is not meant to be used!)
+ * Construct a ShortDescription object. When constructed, it will register
+ * itself with IO. A fatal error will be thrown if more than one is
+ * constructed.
+ *
+ * @param shortDescription A short two-sentence description of the binding,
+ * what it does, and what it is useful for.
*/
- ProgramDoc();
+ ShortDescription(const std::string& shortDescription);
+};
- //! The name of the program.
- std::string programName;
- //! The short documentation for the program.
- std::string shortDocumentation;
- //! Documentation for what the program does.
- std::function documentation;
- //! Set of see also information.
- std::vector> seeAlso;
+class LongDescription
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Construct a LongDescription object. When constructed, it will register itself
+ * with IO. A fatal error will be thrown if more than one is constructed.
+ *
+ * @param longDescription Long string containing documentation on
+ * what it is. No newline characters are necessary; this is
+ * taken care of by IO later.
+ */
+ LongDescription(const std::function& longDescription);
+};
+
+class Example
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Construct a Example object. When constructed, it will register itself
+ * with IO.
+ *
+ * @param example Documentation on how to use the binding.
+ */
+ Example(const std::function& example);
+};
+
+class SeeAlso
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Construct a SeeAlso object. When constructed, it will register itself
+ * with IO.
+ *
+ * @param description Description of SeeAlso.
+ * @param link Link of SeeAlso.
+ */
+ SeeAlso(const std::string& description, const std::string& link);
};
} // namespace util
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/adaboost/adaboost_main.cpp b/src/mlpack/methods/adaboost/adaboost_main.cpp
index 1f347d9ff3..4635d438f6 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/methods/adaboost/adaboost_main.cpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/adaboost/adaboost_main.cpp
@@ -46,13 +46,18 @@ using namespace mlpack::tree;
using namespace mlpack::perceptron;
using namespace mlpack::util;
-PROGRAM_INFO("AdaBoost",
- // Short description.
+// Program Name.
+BINDING_NAME("AdaBoost");
+
+// Short description.
+BINDING_SHORT_DESC(
"An implementation of the AdaBoost.MH (Adaptive Boosting) algorithm for "
"classification. This can be used to train an AdaBoost model on labeled "
"data or use an existing AdaBoost model to predict the classes of new "
- "points.",
- // Long description.
+ "points.");
+
+// Long description.
+BINDING_LONG_DESC(
"This program implements the AdaBoost (or Adaptive "
"Boosting) algorithm. The variant of AdaBoost implemented here is "
"AdaBoost.MH. It uses a weak learner, either decision stumps or "
@@ -86,8 +91,10 @@ PROGRAM_INFO("AdaBoost",
"."
"\n"
"Use " + PRINT_PARAM_STRING("predictions") + " instead of " +
- PRINT_PARAM_STRING("output") + '.' +
- "\n\n"
+ PRINT_PARAM_STRING("output") + '.');
+
+// Example.
+BINDING_EXAMPLE(
"For example, to run AdaBoost on an input dataset " +
PRINT_DATASET("data") + " with labels " + PRINT_DATASET("labels") +
"and perceptrons as the weak learner type, storing the trained model in " +
@@ -102,15 +109,17 @@ PROGRAM_INFO("AdaBoost",
PRINT_DATASET("predictions") + " with the following command: "
"\n\n" +
PRINT_CALL("adaboost", "input_model", "model", "test", "test_data",
- "predictions", "predictions"),
- // See also...
- SEE_ALSO("AdaBoost on Wikipedia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdaBoost"),
- SEE_ALSO("Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions "
- "(pdf)", "http://rob.schapire.net/papers/SchapireSi98.pdf"),
- SEE_ALSO("Perceptron", "#perceptron"),
- SEE_ALSO("Decision Stump", "#decision_stump"),
- SEE_ALSO("mlpack::adaboost::AdaBoost C++ class documentation",
- "@doxygen/classmlpack_1_1adaboost_1_1AdaBoost.html"));
+ "predictions", "predictions"));
+
+// See also...
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("AdaBoost on Wikipedia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
+ "AdaBoost");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated "
+ "predictions (pdf)", "http://rob.schapire.net/papers/SchapireSi98.pdf");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("Perceptron", "#perceptron");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("Decision Stump", "#decision_stump");
+BINDING_SEE_ALSO("mlpack::adaboost::AdaBoost C++ class documentation",
+ "@doxygen/classmlpack_1_1adaboost_1_1AdaBoost.html");
// Input for training.
PARAM_MATRIX_IN("training", "Dataset for training AdaBoost.", "t");
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/CMakeLists.txt b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/CMakeLists.txt
index 8f7908d912..34ea03c6a7 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ set(SOURCES
mean_pooling_impl.hpp
minibatch_discrimination.hpp
minibatch_discrimination_impl.hpp
+ multihead_attention_impl.hpp
+ multihead_attention.hpp
multiply_constant.hpp
multiply_constant_impl.hpp
multiply_merge.hpp
@@ -79,6 +81,8 @@ set(SOURCES
noisylinear_impl.hpp
parametric_relu.hpp
parametric_relu_impl.hpp
+ positional_encoding.hpp
+ positional_encoding_impl.hpp
recurrent.hpp
recurrent_impl.hpp
recurrent_attention.hpp
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/layer.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/layer.hpp
index 3983c6f63c..d005d1eb42 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/layer.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/layer.hpp
@@ -44,17 +44,20 @@
#include "leaky_relu.hpp"
#include "linear.hpp"
#include "linear_no_bias.hpp"
+#include "linear3d.hpp"
#include "log_softmax.hpp"
#include "lookup.hpp"
#include "lstm.hpp"
#include "max_pooling.hpp"
#include "mean_pooling.hpp"
#include "minibatch_discrimination.hpp"
+#include "multihead_attention.hpp"
#include "multiply_constant.hpp"
#include "multiply_merge.hpp"
#include "noisylinear.hpp"
#include "padding.hpp"
#include "parametric_relu.hpp"
+#include "positional_encoding.hpp"
#include "recurrent_attention.hpp"
#include "recurrent.hpp"
#include "reinforce_normal.hpp"
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/layer_types.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/layer_types.hpp
index 983f3baa84..1d7fd0ccba 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/layer_types.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/layer_types.hpp
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@
#include
#include
#include
+#include
#include
#include
+#include
#include
#include
#include
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@
#include
#include
#include
+#include
#include
#include
#include
@@ -96,6 +99,11 @@ template
class NoisyLinear;
+template
+class Linear3D;
+
template
@@ -106,6 +114,11 @@ template
class MiniBatchDiscrimination;
+template
+class MultiheadAttention;
+
template
@@ -205,8 +218,10 @@ template *,
Glimpse*,
Highway*,
+ MultiheadAttention*,
Recurrent*,
RecurrentAttention*,
ReinforceNormal*,
@@ -218,7 +233,8 @@ using MoreTypes = boost::variant<
VRClassReward*,
VirtualBatchNorm*,
RBF*,
- BaseLayer*
+ BaseLayer*,
+ PositionalEncoding*
>;
template
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/linear3d.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/linear3d.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9562074cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/linear3d.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/**
+ * @file methods/ann/layer/linear3d.hpp
+ * @author Mrityunjay Tripathi
+ *
+ * Definition of the Linear layer class which accepts 3D input.
+ *
+ * mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
+ * 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_LINEAR3D_HPP
+#define MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_LINEAR3D_HPP
+
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+namespace mlpack {
+namespace ann /** Artificial Neural Network. */ {
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the Linear3D layer class. The Linear class represents a
+ * single layer of a neural network.
+ *
+ * Shape of input : (inSize * nPoints, batchSize)
+ * Shape of output : (outSize * nPoints, batchSize)
+ *
+ * @tparam InputDataType Type of the input data (arma::colvec, arma::mat,
+ * arma::sp_mat or arma::cube).
+ * @tparam OutputDataType Type of the output data (arma::colvec, arma::mat,
+ * arma::sp_mat or arma::cube).
+ */
+template <
+ typename InputDataType = arma::mat,
+ typename OutputDataType = arma::mat,
+ typename RegularizerType = NoRegularizer
+>
+class Linear3D
+{
+ public:
+ //! Create the Linear3D object.
+ Linear3D();
+
+ /**
+ * Create the Linear3D layer object using the specified number of units.
+ *
+ * @param inSize The number of input units.
+ * @param outSize The number of output units.
+ * @param regularizer The regularizer to use, optional.
+ */
+ Linear3D(const size_t inSize,
+ const size_t outSize,
+ RegularizerType regularizer = RegularizerType());
+
+ /*
+ * Reset the layer parameter.
+ */
+ void Reset();
+
+ /**
+ * Ordinary feed forward pass of a neural network, evaluating the function
+ * f(x) by propagating the activity forward through f.
+ *
+ * @param input Input data used for evaluating the specified function.
+ * @param output Resulting output activation.
+ */
+ template
+ void Forward(const arma::Mat& input, arma::Mat& output);
+
+ /**
+ * Ordinary feed backward pass of a neural network, calculating the function
+ * f(x) by propagating x backwards trough f. Using the results from the feed
+ * forward pass.
+ *
+ * @param * (input) The propagated input activation.
+ * @param gy The backpropagated error.
+ * @param g The calculated gradient.
+ */
+ template
+ void Backward(const arma::Mat& /* input */,
+ const arma::Mat& gy,
+ arma::Mat& g);
+
+ /*
+ * Calculate the gradient using the output delta and the input activation.
+ *
+ * @param input The input parameter used for calculating the gradient.
+ * @param error The calculated error.
+ * @param gradient The calculated gradient.
+ */
+ template
+ void Gradient(const arma::Mat& input,
+ const arma::Mat& error,
+ arma::Mat& gradient);
+
+ //! Get the parameters.
+ OutputDataType const& Parameters() const { return weights; }
+ //! Modify the parameters.
+ OutputDataType& Parameters() { return weights; }
+
+ //! Get the input parameter.
+ InputDataType const& InputParameter() const { return inputParameter; }
+ //! Modify the input parameter.
+ InputDataType& InputParameter() { return inputParameter; }
+
+ //! Get the output parameter.
+ OutputDataType const& OutputParameter() const { return outputParameter; }
+ //! Modify the output parameter.
+ OutputDataType& OutputParameter() { return outputParameter; }
+
+ //! Get the delta.
+ OutputDataType const& Delta() const { return delta; }
+ //! Modify the delta.
+ OutputDataType& Delta() { return delta; }
+
+ //! Get the input size.
+ size_t InputSize() const { return inSize; }
+
+ //! Get the output size.
+ size_t OutputSize() const { return outSize; }
+
+ //! Get the gradient.
+ OutputDataType const& Gradient() const { return gradient; }
+ //! Modify the gradient.
+ OutputDataType& Gradient() { return gradient; }
+
+ //! Get the weight of the layer.
+ OutputDataType const& Weight() const { return weight; }
+ //! Modify the weight of the layer.
+ OutputDataType& Weight() { return weight; }
+
+ //! Get the bias of the layer.
+ OutputDataType const& Bias() const { return bias; }
+ //! Modify the bias weights of the layer.
+ OutputDataType& Bias() { return bias; }
+
+ /**
+ * Serialize the layer
+ */
+ template
+ void serialize(Archive& ar, const unsigned int /* version */);
+
+ private:
+ //! Locally-stored number of input units.
+ size_t inSize;
+
+ //! Locally-stored number of output units.
+ size_t outSize;
+
+ //! Locally-stored weight object.
+ OutputDataType weights;
+
+ //! Locally-stored weight parameters.
+ OutputDataType weight;
+
+ //! Locally-stored bias term parameters.
+ OutputDataType bias;
+
+ //! Locally-stored delta object.
+ OutputDataType delta;
+
+ //! Locally-stored gradient object.
+ OutputDataType gradient;
+
+ //! Locally-stored input parameter object.
+ InputDataType inputParameter;
+
+ //! Locally-stored output parameter object.
+ OutputDataType outputParameter;
+
+ //! Locally-stored regularizer object.
+ RegularizerType regularizer;
+}; // class Linear
+
+} // namespace ann
+} // namespace mlpack
+
+// Include implementation.
+#include "linear3d_impl.hpp"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/linear3d_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/linear3d_impl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97df023e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/linear3d_impl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/**
+ * @file methods/ann/layer/linear3d_impl.hpp
+ * @author Mrityunjay Tripathi
+ *
+ * Implementation of the Linear layer class which accepts 3D input.
+ *
+ * mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
+ * 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
+ */
+#ifndef MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_LINEAR3D_IMPL_HPP
+#define MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_LINEAR3D_IMPL_HPP
+
+// In case it hasn't yet been included.
+#include "linear3d.hpp"
+
+namespace mlpack {
+namespace ann /** Artificial Neural Network. */ {
+
+template
+Linear3D::Linear3D() :
+ inSize(0),
+ outSize(0)
+{
+ // Nothing to do here.
+}
+
+template
+Linear3D::Linear3D(
+ const size_t inSize,
+ const size_t outSize,
+ RegularizerType regularizer) :
+ inSize(inSize),
+ outSize(outSize),
+ regularizer(regularizer)
+{
+ weights.set_size(outSize * inSize + outSize, 1);
+}
+
+template
+void Linear3D::Reset()
+{
+ typedef typename arma::Mat MatType;
+
+ weight = MatType(weights.memptr(), outSize, inSize, false, false);
+ bias = MatType(weights.memptr() + weight.n_elem, outSize, 1, false, false);
+}
+
+template
+template
+void Linear3D::Forward(
+ const arma::Mat& input, arma::Mat& output)
+{
+ typedef typename arma::Mat MatType;
+ typedef typename arma::Cube CubeType;
+
+ if (input.n_rows % inSize != 0)
+ {
+ Log::Fatal << "Number of features in the input must be divisible by inSize."
+ << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ const size_t nPoints = input.n_rows / inSize;
+ const size_t batchSize = input.n_cols;
+
+ output.set_size(outSize * nPoints, batchSize);
+
+ const CubeType inputTemp(const_cast(input).memptr(), inSize,
+ nPoints, batchSize, false, false);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ // Shape of weight : (outSize, inSize).
+ // Shape of inputTemp : (inSize, nPoints, batchSize).
+ MatType z = weight * inputTemp.slice(i);
+ z.each_col() += bias;
+ output.col(i) = arma::vectorise(z);
+ }
+}
+
+template
+template
+void Linear3D::Backward(
+ const arma::Mat& /* input */,
+ const arma::Mat& gy,
+ arma::Mat& g)
+{
+ typedef typename arma::Mat MatType;
+ typedef typename arma::Cube CubeType;
+
+ if (gy.n_rows % outSize != 0)
+ {
+ Log::Fatal << "Number of rows in propagated error must be divisible by \
+ outSize." << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ const size_t nPoints = gy.n_rows / outSize;
+ const size_t batchSize = gy.n_cols;
+
+ const CubeType gyTemp(const_cast(gy).memptr(), outSize,
+ nPoints, batchSize, false, false);
+
+ g.set_size(inSize * nPoints, batchSize);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < gyTemp.n_slices; ++i)
+ {
+ // Shape of weight : (outSize, inSize).
+ // Shape of gyTemp : (outSize, nPoints, batchSize).
+ g.col(i) = arma::vectorise(weight.t() * gyTemp.slice(i));
+ }
+}
+
+template
+template
+void Linear3D::Gradient(
+ const arma::Mat& input,
+ const arma::Mat& error,
+ arma::Mat& gradient)
+{
+ typedef typename arma::Mat MatType;
+ typedef typename arma::Cube CubeType;
+
+ if (error.n_rows % outSize != 0)
+ Log::Fatal << "Propagated error matrix has invalid dimension!" << std::endl;
+
+ const size_t nPoints = input.n_rows / inSize;
+ const size_t batchSize = input.n_cols;
+
+ const CubeType inputTemp(const_cast(input).memptr(), inSize,
+ nPoints, batchSize, false, false);
+ const CubeType errorTemp(const_cast(error).memptr(), outSize,
+ nPoints, batchSize, false, false);
+
+ CubeType dW(outSize, inSize, batchSize);
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ // Shape of errorTemp : (outSize, nPoints, batchSize).
+ // Shape of inputTemp : (inSize, nPoints, batchSize).
+ dW.slice(i) = errorTemp.slice(i) * inputTemp.slice(i).t();
+ }
+
+ gradient.set_size(arma::size(weights));
+
+ gradient.submat(0, 0, weight.n_elem - 1, 0)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(dW, 2));
+
+ gradient.submat(weight.n_elem, 0, weights.n_elem - 1, 0)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(arma::sum(errorTemp, 2), 1));
+
+ regularizer.Evaluate(weights, gradient);
+}
+
+template
+template
+void Linear3D::serialize(
+ Archive& ar, const unsigned int /* version */)
+{
+ ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(inSize);
+ ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(outSize);
+
+ // This is inefficient, but we have to allocate this memory so that
+ // WeightSetVisitor gets the right size.
+ if (Archive::is_loading::value)
+ weights.set_size(outSize * inSize + outSize, 1);
+}
+
+} // namespace ann
+} // namespace mlpack
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/lookup.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/lookup.hpp
index e704a5a1f7..eb82d1b9c8 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/lookup.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/lookup.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace ann /* Artificial Neural Network. */ {
* the embeddings of those tokens.
*
* The input shape : (sequenceLength, batchSize).
- * The output shape : (sequenceLength * embeddingSize, batchSize).
+ * The output shape : (embeddingSize, sequenceLength, batchSize).
*
* @tparam InputDataType Type of the input data (arma::colvec, arma::mat,
* arma::sp_mat or arma::cube).
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/lookup_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/lookup_impl.hpp
index 6afcb56218..296af49574 100644
--- a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/lookup_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/lookup_impl.hpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Lookup::Lookup(
vocabSize(vocabSize),
embeddingSize(embeddingSize)
{
- weights.set_size(vocabSize, embeddingSize);
+ weights.set_size(embeddingSize, vocabSize);
}
template
@@ -37,15 +37,14 @@ void Lookup::Forward(
const size_t seqLength = input.n_rows;
const size_t batchSize = input.n_cols;
- output.set_size(seqLength * embeddingSize, batchSize);
+ output.set_size(embeddingSize * seqLength, batchSize);
for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
{
- //! ith column of output is a vectorized form of a matrix of shape
- //! (seqLength, embeddingSize) selected as a combination of rows from the
- //! weights. The MultiheadAttention class requires this particular ordering
- //! of matrix dimensions.
- output.col(i) = arma::vectorise(weights.rows(
+ // ith column of output is a vectorized form of a matrix of shape
+ // (embeddingSize, seqLength) selected as a combination of columns from the
+ // weights.
+ output.col(i) = arma::vectorise(weights.cols(
arma::conv_to::from(input.col(i)) - 1));
}
}
@@ -71,14 +70,14 @@ void Lookup::Gradient(
const size_t batchSize = input.n_cols;
arma::Cube errorTemp(const_cast&>(error).memptr(),
- seqLength, embeddingSize, batchSize, false, false);
+ embeddingSize, seqLength, batchSize, false, false);
gradient.set_size(arma::size(weights));
gradient.zeros();
for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
{
- gradient.rows(arma::conv_to::from(input.col(i)) - 1)
+ gradient.cols(arma::conv_to::from(input.col(i)) - 1)
+= errorTemp.slice(i);
}
}
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ void Lookup::serialize(
// This is inefficient, but we have to allocate this memory so that
// WeightSetVisitor gets the right size.
if (Archive::is_loading::value)
- weights.set_size(vocabSize, embeddingSize);
+ weights.set_size(embeddingSize, vocabSize);
}
} // namespace ann
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/multihead_attention.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/multihead_attention.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4c807c7f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/multihead_attention.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/**
+ * @file methods/ann/layer/multihead_attention.hpp
+ * @author Mrityunjay Tripathi
+ *
+ * Definition of the MultiheadAttention class.
+ *
+ * @code
+ * @article{NIPS'17,
+ * author = {Ashish Vaswani, Llion Jones, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar,
+ * Aidan N. Gomez, Jakob Uszkoreit, Łukasz Kaiser,
+ * Illia Polosukhin},
+ * title = {Attention Is All You Need},
+ * year = {2017},
+ * url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762v5}
+ * }
+ * @endcode
+ *
+ * mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
+ * 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_MULTIHEAD_ATTENTION_HPP
+#define MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_MULTIHEAD_ATTENTION_HPP
+
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+namespace mlpack {
+namespace ann /** Artificial Neural Network. */ {
+
+/**
+ * Multihead Attention allows the model to jointly attend to information from
+ * different representation subspaces at different positions. With a single
+ * attention head, averaging inhibits this. [arxiv.org:1706.03762v5]
+ *
+ * The MultiheadAttention class takes concatenated form of query, key and value.
+ * The query, key and value are concatenated into single matrix and fed to the
+ * Forward function as input.
+ *
+ * The query, key and value are matrices of shapes
+ * `(embedDim * tgtSeqLen, batchSize)`, `(embedDim * srcSeqLen, batchSize)`
+ * and `(embedDim * srcSeqLen, batchSize)` respectively. The output is a matrix
+ * of shape `(embedDim * tgtSeqLen, batchSize)`. The embeddings are stored
+ * consequently.
+ *
+ * @tparam InputDataType Type of the input data (arma::colvec, arma::mat,
+ * arma::sp_mat or arma::cube).
+ * @tparam OutputDataType Type of the output data (arma::colvec, arma::mat,
+ * arma::sp_mat or arma::cube).
+ * @tparam RegularizerType Type of the regularizer to be used.
+ */
+template <
+ typename InputDataType = arma::mat,
+ typename OutputDataType = arma::mat,
+ typename RegularizerType = NoRegularizer
+>
+class MultiheadAttention
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Default constructor.
+ */
+ MultiheadAttention();
+
+ /**
+ * Create the MultiheadAttention object using the specified modules.
+ *
+ * @param tgtSeqLen Target sequence length.
+ * @param srcSeqLen Source sequence length.
+ * @param embedDim Total dimension of the model.
+ * @param numHeads Number of parallel attention heads.
+ */
+ MultiheadAttention(const size_t tgtSeqLen,
+ const size_t srcSeqLen,
+ const size_t embedDim,
+ const size_t numHeads);
+
+ /**
+ * Reset the layer parameters.
+ */
+ void Reset();
+
+ /**
+ * Ordinary feed forward pass of a neural network, evaluating the function
+ * f(x) by propagating the activity forward through f.
+ *
+ * @param input The query matrix.
+ * @param output Resulting output activation.
+ */
+ template
+ void Forward(const arma::Mat& input, arma::Mat& output);
+
+ /**
+ * Ordinary feed backward pass of a neural network, calculating the function
+ * f(x) by propagating x backwards trough f. Using the results from the feed
+ * forward pass.
+ *
+ * @param gy The backpropagated error.
+ * @param g The calculated gradient.
+ */
+ template
+ void Backward(const arma::Mat& /* input */,
+ const arma::Mat& gy,
+ arma::Mat& g);
+
+ /**
+ * Calculate the gradient using the output delta and the input activation.
+ *
+ * @param input The input data used for evaluating specified function.
+ * @param error The calculated error.
+ * @param gradient The calculated gradient.
+ */
+ template
+ void Gradient(const arma::Mat& input,
+ const arma::Mat& error,
+ arma::Mat& gradient);
+
+ /**
+ * Serialize the layer.
+ */
+ template
+ void serialize(Archive& ar, const unsigned int /* version */);
+
+ //! Get the target sequence length.
+ size_t TgtSeqLen() const { return tgtSeqLen; }
+ //! Modify the target sequence length.
+ size_t& TgtSeqLen() { return tgtSeqLen; }
+
+ //! Get the source sequence length.
+ size_t SrcSeqLen() const { return srcSeqLen; }
+ //! Modify the source sequence length.
+ size_t& SrcSeqLen() { return srcSeqLen; }
+
+ //! Get the embedding dimension.
+ size_t EmbedDim() const { return embedDim; }
+ //! Modify the embedding dimension.
+ size_t& EmbedDim() { return embedDim; }
+
+ //! Get the number of attention heads.
+ size_t NumHeads() const { return numHeads; }
+ //! Modify the number of attention heads.
+ size_t& NumHeads() { return numHeads; }
+
+ //! Get the two dimensional Attention Mask.
+ OutputDataType const& AttentionMask() const { return attnMask; }
+ //! Modify the two dimensional Attention Mask.
+ OutputDataType& AttentionMask() { return attnMask; }
+
+ //! Get Key Padding Mask.
+ OutputDataType const& KeyPaddingMask() const { return keyPaddingMask; }
+ //! Modify the Key Padding Mask.
+ OutputDataType& KeyPaddingMask() { return keyPaddingMask; }
+
+ //! Get the output parameter.
+ OutputDataType const& OutputParameter() const { return outputParameter; }
+ //! Modify the output parameter.
+ OutputDataType& OutputParameter() { return outputParameter; }
+
+ //! Get the delta.
+ OutputDataType const& Delta() const { return delta; }
+ //! Modify the delta.
+ OutputDataType& Delta() { return delta; }
+
+ //! Get the gradient.
+ OutputDataType const& Gradient() const { return grad; }
+ //! Modify the gradient.
+ OutputDataType& Gradient() { return grad; }
+
+ //! Get the parameters.
+ OutputDataType const& Parameters() const { return weights; }
+ //! Modify the parameters.
+ OutputDataType& Parameters() { return weights; }
+
+ private:
+ //! Element Type of the input.
+ typedef typename OutputDataType::elem_type ElemType;
+
+ //! Target sequence length.
+ size_t tgtSeqLen;
+
+ //! Source sequence lenght.
+ size_t srcSeqLen;
+
+ //! Locally-stored module output size.
+ size_t embedDim;
+
+ //! Locally-stored number of parallel attention heads.
+ size_t numHeads;
+
+ //! Dimensionality of each head.
+ size_t headDim;
+
+ //! Two dimensional Attention Mask of shape (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen).
+ OutputDataType attnMask;
+
+ //! Key Padding Mask.
+ OutputDataType keyPaddingMask;
+
+ //! Locally-stored weight matrix associated with query.
+ OutputDataType queryWt;
+
+ //! Locally-stored weight matrix associated with key.
+ OutputDataType keyWt;
+
+ //! Locally-stored weight matrix associated with value.
+ OutputDataType valueWt;
+
+ //! Locally-stored weight matrix associated with attnWt.
+ OutputDataType outWt;
+
+ //! Locally-stored bias associated with query.
+ OutputDataType qBias;
+
+ //! Locally-stored bias associated with key.
+ OutputDataType kBias;
+
+ //! Locall-stored bias associated with value.
+ OutputDataType vBias;
+
+ //! Locally-stored bias associated with attnWt.
+ OutputDataType outBias;
+
+ //! Locally-stored weights parameter.
+ OutputDataType weights;
+
+ //! Locally-stored projected query matrix over linear layer.
+ arma::Cube qProj;
+
+ //! Locally-stored projected key matrix over linear layer.
+ arma::Cube kProj;
+
+ //! Locally-stored projected value matrix over linear layer.
+ arma::Cube vProj;
+
+ //! Locally-stored result of output of dropout layer.
+ arma::Cube scores;
+
+ //! Locally-stored attention output weight to be fed to last linear layer.
+ arma::Cube attnOut;
+
+ //! Softmax layer to represent the probabilities of next sequence.
+ Softmax softmax;
+
+ //! Locally-stored delta object.
+ OutputDataType delta;
+
+ //! Locally-stored gradient.
+ OutputDataType grad;
+
+ //! Locally-stored output parameter.
+ OutputDataType outputParameter;
+
+ //! Locally-stored regularizer object.
+ RegularizerType regularizer;
+}; // class MultiheadAttention
+} // namespace ann
+} // namespace mlpack
+
+// Include implementation.
+#include "multihead_attention_impl.hpp"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/multihead_attention_impl.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/multihead_attention_impl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..795d0102bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/multihead_attention_impl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+/**
+ * @file methods/ann/layer/multihead_attention_impl.hpp
+ * @author Mrityunjay Tripathi
+ *
+ * Implementation of the MultiheadAttention class.
+ *
+ * mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
+ * 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_MULTIHEAD_ATTENTION_IMPL_HPP
+#define MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_MULTIHEAD_ATTENTION_IMPL_HPP
+
+// In case it hasn't yet been included.
+#include "multihead_attention.hpp"
+
+#include
+
+namespace mlpack {
+namespace ann /** Artificial Neural Network. */ {
+
+template
+MultiheadAttention::
+MultiheadAttention() :
+ tgtSeqLen(0),
+ srcSeqLen(0),
+ embedDim(0),
+ numHeads(0),
+ headDim(0)
+{
+ // Nothing to do here.
+}
+
+template
+MultiheadAttention::
+MultiheadAttention(
+ const size_t tgtSeqLen,
+ const size_t srcSeqLen,
+ const size_t embedDim,
+ const size_t numHeads) :
+ tgtSeqLen(tgtSeqLen),
+ srcSeqLen(srcSeqLen),
+ embedDim(embedDim),
+ numHeads(numHeads)
+{
+ if (embedDim % numHeads != 0)
+ {
+ Log::Fatal << "Embedding dimension must be divisible by number of \
+ attention heads." << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ headDim = embedDim / numHeads;
+ weights.set_size(4 * (embedDim + 1) * embedDim, 1);
+}
+
+template
+void MultiheadAttention::
+Reset()
+{
+ typedef typename arma::Mat MatType;
+
+ queryWt = MatType(weights.memptr(), embedDim, embedDim, false, false);
+ keyWt = MatType(weights.memptr() + embedDim * embedDim,
+ embedDim, embedDim, false, false);
+ valueWt = MatType(weights.memptr() + 2 * embedDim * embedDim,
+ embedDim, embedDim, false, false);
+ outWt = MatType(weights.memptr() + 3 * embedDim * embedDim,
+ embedDim, embedDim, false, false);
+
+ qBias = MatType(weights.memptr()
+ + 4 * embedDim * embedDim, embedDim, 1, false, false);
+ kBias = MatType(weights.memptr()
+ + (4 * embedDim + 1) * embedDim, embedDim, 1, false, false);
+ vBias = MatType(weights.memptr()
+ + (4 * embedDim + 2) * embedDim, embedDim, 1, false, false);
+ outBias = MatType(weights.memptr()
+ + (4 * embedDim + 3) * embedDim, 1, embedDim, false, false);
+}
+
+template
+template
+void MultiheadAttention::
+Forward(const arma::Mat& input, arma::Mat& output)
+{
+ typedef typename arma::Cube CubeType;
+
+ if (input.n_rows != embedDim * (tgtSeqLen + 2 * srcSeqLen))
+ {
+ Log::Fatal << "Incorrect input dimensions!" << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ const size_t batchSize = input.n_cols;
+
+ // shape of output : (embedDim * tgtSeqLen, batchSize).
+ output.set_size(embedDim * tgtSeqLen, batchSize);
+
+ // Reshape the input, the query, and the key into a cube from a matrix.
+ // The shape of q : (embedDim, tgtSeqLen, batchSize).
+ // The shape of k : (embedDim, srcSeqLen, batchSize).
+ // The shape of v : (embedDim, srcSeqLen, batchSize).
+ const CubeType q(const_cast&>(input).memptr(),
+ embedDim, tgtSeqLen, batchSize, false, false);
+ const CubeType k(const_cast&>(input).memptr() +
+ embedDim * tgtSeqLen * batchSize,
+ embedDim, srcSeqLen, batchSize, false, false);
+ const CubeType v(const_cast&>(input).memptr() +
+ embedDim * (tgtSeqLen + srcSeqLen) * batchSize,
+ embedDim, srcSeqLen, batchSize, false, false);
+
+ // qProj, kProj, and vProj are the linearly projected query, key and value
+ // respectively.
+ qProj.set_size(tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+ kProj.set_size(srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+ vProj.set_size(srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ qProj.slice(i) = arma::trans(
+ queryWt * q.slice(i) + arma::repmat(qBias, 1, tgtSeqLen));
+ kProj.slice(i) = arma::trans(
+ keyWt * k.slice(i) + arma::repmat(kBias, 1, srcSeqLen));
+ vProj.slice(i) = arma::trans(
+ valueWt * v.slice(i) + arma::repmat(vBias, 1, srcSeqLen));
+ }
+
+ // The scaling factor sqrt(headDim) is used to prevent exploding values
+ // after dot product i.e. when qProj is multiplied with kProj.
+ qProj /= std::sqrt(headDim);
+
+ // Split the qProj, kProj and vProj into n heads. That's what Multihead
+ // Attention is.
+ qProj.reshape(tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize);
+ kProj.reshape(srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize);
+ vProj.reshape(srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize);
+
+ // Calculate the scores i.e. perform the matrix multiplication operation
+ // on qProj and kProj. Here score = qProj . kProj'
+ scores = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(qProj, kProj, false, true);
+
+ // Apply the attention mask if provided. The attention mask is used to black-
+ // out future sequences and generally used in Encoder-Decoder attention.
+ // The attention mask has elements 0 or -infinity.
+ // The shape of the attention mask : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen).
+ if (!attnMask.is_empty())
+ {
+ if (attnMask.n_rows != tgtSeqLen || attnMask.n_cols != srcSeqLen)
+ Log::Fatal << "The size of the 'attn_mask' is not correct.\n";
+ scores.each_slice() += attnMask;
+ }
+
+ // Apply the key padding mask when provided. It blacks-out any particular
+ // word in the sequence.
+ // The key padding mask has elements 0 or -infinity.
+ // The shape of keyPaddingMask : (1, srcSeqLen).
+ if (!keyPaddingMask.is_empty())
+ {
+ if (keyPaddingMask.n_rows != 1 || keyPaddingMask.n_cols != srcSeqLen)
+ Log::Fatal << "The size of the 'keyPaddingMask' is not correct.\n";
+ scores.each_slice() += arma::repmat(keyPaddingMask, tgtSeqLen, 1);
+ }
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < numHeads * batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ softmax.Forward(scores.slice(i), softmax.OutputParameter());
+ scores.slice(i) = softmax.OutputParameter();
+ }
+
+ // Calculate the attention output i.e. matrix multiplication of softmax
+ // output and vProj.
+ // The shape of attnOutput : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ attnOut = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(scores, vProj, false, false);
+
+ // Now we will concatenate output of all the heads i.e. we will reshape
+ // attnOut to (tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ attnOut.reshape(tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+
+ // The final output is the linear projection of attention output.
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ output.col(i) = arma::vectorise(arma::trans(attnOut.slice(i) * outWt
+ + arma::repmat(outBias, tgtSeqLen, 1)));
+ }
+}
+
+template
+template
+void MultiheadAttention::
+Backward(const arma::Mat& /* input */,
+ const arma::Mat& gy,
+ arma::Mat& g)
+{
+ typedef typename arma::Cube CubeType;
+
+ if (gy.n_rows != tgtSeqLen * embedDim)
+ {
+ Log::Fatal << "Backpropagated error has incorrect dimensions!" << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ const size_t batchSize = gy.n_cols;
+ g.set_size(embedDim * (tgtSeqLen + 2 * srcSeqLen), batchSize);
+
+ // Reshape the propagated gradient into a cube.
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ // We need not split it into n heads now because this is the part when
+ // output were concatenated from n heads.
+ CubeType gyTemp(const_cast&>(gy).memptr(), embedDim,
+ tgtSeqLen, batchSize, true, false);
+
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (embedDim, tgtSeqLen, batchSize).
+ // The shape of outWt : (embedDim, embedDim).
+ // The shape of the result : (tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ gyTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Mat(gyTemp, outWt, true, true);
+
+ // Now since the shape of gyTemp is (tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize). We will
+ // split it into n heads.
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ gyTemp.reshape(tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize);
+
+ // Obtain backpropagted error of value.
+ // Shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // Shape of scores : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of tmp : (srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ CubeType tmp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(scores, gyTemp, true, false);
+
+ // Concatenate results of all the attention heads.
+ tmp.reshape(srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ g.submat((tgtSeqLen + srcSeqLen) * embedDim, i, g.n_rows - 1, i)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::trans(tmp.slice(i) * valueWt));
+ }
+
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of vProj : (srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // So the new shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ gyTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(gyTemp, vProj, false, true);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < numHeads * batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ // We will perform backpropagation of softmax over each slice of gyTemp.
+ softmax.Backward(scores.slice(i), gyTemp.slice(i), gyTemp.slice(i));
+ }
+
+ // Obtain backpropagated error of key.
+ // The shape of qProj : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The new shape of tmp : (srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ tmp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(gyTemp, qProj, true, false);
+
+ // Concatenate results of all the attention heads.
+ tmp.reshape(srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ g.submat(tgtSeqLen * embedDim, i, (tgtSeqLen + srcSeqLen) * embedDim - 1, i)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::trans(tmp.slice(i) * keyWt));
+ }
+
+ // Obtain backpropagated error of the query.
+ // The shape of kProj : (srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The new shape of tmp : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ tmp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(gyTemp, kProj) / std::sqrt(headDim);
+
+ // Concatenate results of all the attention heads.
+ tmp.reshape(tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ g.submat(0, i, tgtSeqLen * embedDim - 1, i)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::trans(tmp.slice(i) * queryWt));
+ }
+}
+
+template
+template
+void MultiheadAttention::
+Gradient(const arma::Mat& input,
+ const arma::Mat& error,
+ arma::Mat& gradient)
+{
+ typedef typename arma::Cube CubeType;
+ typedef typename arma::Mat MatType;
+
+ if (input.n_rows != embedDim * (tgtSeqLen + 2 * srcSeqLen))
+ {
+ Log::Fatal << "Incorrect input dimensions!" << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ if (error.n_rows != tgtSeqLen * embedDim)
+ {
+ Log::Fatal << "Backpropagated error has incorrect dimensions." << std::endl;
+ }
+
+ const size_t batchSize = input.n_cols;
+ const size_t wtSize = embedDim * embedDim;
+
+ // The shape of gradient : (4 * embedDim * embedDim + 4 * embedDim, 1).
+ gradient.set_size(arma::size(weights));
+
+ const CubeType q(const_cast(input).memptr(),
+ embedDim, tgtSeqLen, batchSize, false, false);
+ const CubeType k(const_cast(input).memptr() + q.n_elem,
+ embedDim, srcSeqLen, batchSize, false, false);
+ const CubeType v(const_cast(input).memptr() + q.n_elem + k.n_elem,
+ embedDim, srcSeqLen, batchSize, false, false);
+
+ // Reshape the propagated error into a cube.
+ // The shape of errorTemp : (embedDim, tgtSeqLen, batchSize).
+ CubeType errorTemp(const_cast&>(error).memptr(), embedDim,
+ tgtSeqLen, batchSize, true, false);
+
+ // Gradient wrt. outBias, i.e. dL/d(outBias).
+ gradient.rows(4 * wtSize + 3 * embedDim, 4 * wtSize + 4 * embedDim - 1)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(arma::sum(errorTemp, 2), 1));
+
+ // The shape of attnOut : (tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ // The shape of errorTemp : (embedDim, tgtSeqLen, batchSize).
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (embedDim, embedDim, batchSize).
+ CubeType gyTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(attnOut, errorTemp, true, true);
+
+ // Gradient wrt. outWt, i.e. dL/d(outWt). We will take sum of gyTemp along
+ // the slices and vectorise the output.
+ gradient.rows(3 * wtSize, 4 * wtSize - 1)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(gyTemp, 2));
+
+ // Partial derivative wrt. attnOut.
+ // The shape of outWt : (embedDim, embedDim).
+ // The shape of errorTemp : (embedDim, tgtSeqLen, batchSize).
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ gyTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Mat(errorTemp, outWt, true, true);
+
+ // Now we will split it into n heads i.e. reshape it into a cube of shape
+ // (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ gyTemp.reshape(tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize);
+
+ // Shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // Shape of scores : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The new shape of errorTemp : (srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ errorTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(scores, gyTemp, true, false);
+
+ // Now we will concatenate the propagated errors from all heads i.e. we
+ // will reshape errorTemp to (srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ errorTemp.reshape(srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+
+ // Gradient wrt. vBias, i.e. dL/d(vBias). We will take summation of errorTemp
+ // over all the batches and over all the sequences.
+ gradient.rows(4 * wtSize + 2 * embedDim, 4 * wtSize + 3 * embedDim - 1)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(arma::sum(errorTemp, 2), 0));
+
+ // Shape of v : (srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ // Shape of errorTemp : (srcSeqLen, embedDim, bathSize).
+ // The new shape of errorTemp : (embedDim, embedDim, batchSize).
+ errorTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(errorTemp, v, true, true);
+
+ // Gradient wrt. valueWt, i.e. dL/d(valueWt). We will take summation over all
+ // batches of errorTemp.
+ gradient.rows(2 * wtSize, 3 * wtSize - 1)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(errorTemp, 2));
+
+ // Now, the shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of vProj : (srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The new shape of errorTemp : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ errorTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(gyTemp, vProj, false, true);
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < numHeads * batchSize; ++i)
+ {
+ // The shape of scores : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of errorTemp : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The new shape of errorTemp remain same.
+ softmax.Backward(scores.slice(i), errorTemp.slice(i), errorTemp.slice(i));
+ }
+
+ // The shape of qProj : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of errorTemp : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ gyTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(errorTemp, qProj, true, false);
+
+ // We will now conctenate the propagated errors from all heads.
+ // The new shape of gyTemp : (srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ gyTemp.reshape(srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+
+ // Gradient wrt. kBias, i.e. dL/d(kBias). We will take summation over all the
+ // batches of gyTemp and then over all the sequences.
+ gradient.rows(4 * wtSize + embedDim, 4 * wtSize + 2 * embedDim - 1)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(arma::sum(gyTemp, 2), 0));
+
+ // The shape of k : (embedDim, srcSeqLen, batchSize).
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (srcSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ // The shape of dkeyWt : (embedDim, embedDim, batchSize).
+ gyTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(gyTemp, k, true, true);
+
+ // Gradient wrt. keyWt, i.e. dL/d(keyWt). We will take summation over all the
+ // batches of dkeyWt.
+ gradient.rows(wtSize, 2 * wtSize - 1) = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(gyTemp, 2));
+
+ // The shape of kProj : (srcSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of errorTemp : (tgtSeqLen, srcSeqLen, numHeads * batchSize).
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, headDim, numHeads * batchSize).
+ gyTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(errorTemp, kProj, false, false);
+
+ // Now, we will concatenate propagated error of all heads.
+ gyTemp.reshape(tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize);
+ gyTemp /= std::sqrt(headDim);
+
+ // Gradient wrt. qBias, i.e. dL/d(qBias). We will take summation over all the
+ // batches of gyTemp and over all the sequences.
+ gradient.rows(4 * wtSize, 4 * wtSize + embedDim - 1)
+ = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(arma::sum(gyTemp, 2), 0));
+
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (tgtSeqLen, embedDim, batchSize).
+ // The shape of q : (embedDim, tgtSeqLen, batchSize).
+ // The shape of gyTemp : (embedDim, embedDim, batchSize).
+ gyTemp = math::MultiplyCube2Cube(gyTemp, q, true, true);
+
+ // Gradient wrt. queryWt, i.e. dL/d(queryBias). We will take summation over
+ // all the batches of gyTemp.
+ gradient.rows(0, wtSize - 1) = arma::vectorise(arma::sum(gyTemp, 2));
+
+ // Regularize according to the given regularization rule.
+ regularizer.Evaluate(weights, gradient);
+}
+
+template
+template
+void MultiheadAttention::
+serialize(Archive& ar, const unsigned int /* version */)
+{
+ ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(tgtSeqLen);
+ ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(srcSeqLen);
+ ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(embedDim);
+ ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(numHeads);
+ ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(headDim);
+
+ // This is inefficient, but we have to allocate this memory so that
+ // WeightSetVisitor gets the right size.
+ if (Archive::is_loading::value)
+ weights.set_size(4 * embedDim * (embedDim + 1), 1);
+}
+
+} // namespace ann
+} // namespace mlpack
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/positional_encoding.hpp b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/positional_encoding.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbfcc2667d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mlpack/methods/ann/layer/positional_encoding.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/**
+ * @file methods/ann/layer/positional_encoding.hpp
+ * @author Mrityunjay Tripathi
+ *
+ * Definition of the Positional Encoding.
+ *
+ * mlpack is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the
+ * 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see
+ * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
+ */
+#ifndef MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_POSITIONAL_ENCODING_HPP
+#define MLPACK_METHODS_ANN_LAYER_POSITIONAL_ENCODING_HPP
+
+#include
+
+namespace mlpack {
+namespace ann /** Artificial Neural Network. */ {
+
+/**
+ * Positional Encoding injects some information about the relative or absolute
+ * position of the tokens in the sequence.
+ *
+ * The input and the output have the same shape:
+ * `(embedDim * maxSequenceLength, batchSize)`. The embeddings are stored
+ * consequently.
+ *
+ * @tparam InputDataType Type of the input data (arma::colvec, arma::mat,
+ * arma::sp_mat or arma::cube).
+ * @tparam OutputDataType Type of the output data (arma::colvec, arma::mat,
+ * arma::sp_mat or arma::cube).
+ */
+template <
+ typename InputDataType = arma::mat,
+ typename OutputDataType = arma::mat
+>
+class PositionalEncoding
+{
+ public:
+ /**
+ * Create PositionalEncoding object.
+ */
+ PositionalEncoding();
+
+ /**
+ * Create the PositionalEncoding layer object using the specified parameters.
+ *
+ * @param embedDim The length of the embedding vector.
+ * @param maxSequenceLength Number of tokens in each sequence.
+ */
+ PositionalEncoding(const size_t embedDim,
+ const size_t maxSequenceLength);
+
+ /**
+ * Ordinary feed forward pass of a neural network, evaluating the function
+ * f(x) by propagating the activity forward through f.
+ *
+ * @param input Input data used for evaluating the specified function.
+ * @param output Resulting output activation.
+ */
+ template
+ void Forward(const arma::Mat