diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/Cube_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/Cube_meat.hpp
index e196df45..9d60858b 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/Cube_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/Cube_meat.hpp
@@ -3467,7 +3467,7 @@ Cube<eT>::in_range(const span& x) const
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if(x.whole == true)
+  if(x.whole)
     {
     return true;
     }
@@ -3517,7 +3517,7 @@ Cube<eT>::in_range(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice
   const bool slices_ok = slice_span.whole ? true : ( (in_slice1 <= in_slice2) && (in_slice2 < n_slices) );
   
   
-  return ( (rows_ok == true) && (cols_ok == true) && (slices_ok == true) );
+  return ( (rows_ok) && (cols_ok) && (slices_ok) );
   }
 
 
@@ -4346,7 +4346,7 @@ Cube<eT>::save(const hdf5_name& spec, const file_type type, const bool print_sta
     save_okay = diskio::save_hdf5_binary(*this, spec, err_msg);
     }
   
-  if((print_status == true) && (save_okay == false))
+  if(print_status) && (save_okay == false))
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -4459,7 +4459,7 @@ Cube<eT>::load(const std::string name, const file_type type, const bool print_st
       load_okay = false;
     }
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+  if( print_status && (load_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -4515,7 +4515,7 @@ Cube<eT>::load(const hdf5_name& spec, const file_type type, const bool print_sta
     }
   
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+  if( print_status && (load_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -4580,7 +4580,7 @@ Cube<eT>::load(std::istream& is, const file_type type, const bool print_status)
       load_okay = false;
     }
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+  if( print_status && (load_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_meat.hpp
index 2fd9b1fa..7d61a566 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_meat.hpp
@@ -7401,7 +7401,7 @@ Mat<eT>::save(const hdf5_name& spec, const file_type type, const bool print_stat
     save_okay = diskio::save_hdf5_binary(*this, spec, err_msg);
     }
   
-  if((print_status == true) && (save_okay == false))
+  if(print_status && (save_okay == false))
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -7485,7 +7485,7 @@ Mat<eT>::save(const csv_name& spec, const file_type type, const bool print_statu
     save_okay = diskio::save_csv_ascii(*this, spec.filename, spec.header_ro, with_header);
     }
   
-  if((print_status == true) && (save_okay == false))
+  if(print_status && (save_okay == false))
     {
     arma_debug_warn("Mat::save(): couldn't write to ", spec.filename);
     }
@@ -7599,7 +7599,7 @@ Mat<eT>::load(const std::string name, const file_type type, const bool print_sta
       load_okay = false;
     }
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+  if( print_status && (load_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -7655,7 +7655,7 @@ Mat<eT>::load(const hdf5_name& spec, const file_type type, const bool print_stat
     }
   
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+  if( print_status && (load_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -7811,7 +7811,7 @@ Mat<eT>::load(std::istream& is, const file_type type, const bool print_status)
       load_okay = false;
     }
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+  if( print_status && (load_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/SpMat_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/SpMat_meat.hpp
index 5100a90c..5115ef47 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/SpMat_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/SpMat_meat.hpp
@@ -3611,7 +3611,7 @@ SpMat<eT>::in_range(const span& x) const
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if(x.whole == true)
+  if(x.whole)
     {
     return true;
     }
@@ -3646,7 +3646,7 @@ SpMat<eT>::in_range(const span& row_span, const uword in_col) const
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if(row_span.whole == true)
+  if(row_span.whole)
     {
     return (in_col < n_cols);
     }
@@ -3669,7 +3669,7 @@ SpMat<eT>::in_range(const uword in_row, const span& col_span) const
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if(col_span.whole == true)
+  if(col_span.whole)
     {
     return (in_row < n_rows);
     }
@@ -3701,7 +3701,7 @@ SpMat<eT>::in_range(const span& row_span, const span& col_span) const
   const bool rows_ok = row_span.whole ? true : ( (in_row1 <= in_row2) && (in_row2 < n_rows) );
   const bool cols_ok = col_span.whole ? true : ( (in_col1 <= in_col2) && (in_col2 < n_cols) );
   
-  return ( (rows_ok == true) && (cols_ok == true) );
+  return ( (rows_ok) && (cols_ok) );
   }
 
 
@@ -4626,7 +4626,7 @@ SpMat<eT>::save(const csv_name& spec, const file_type type, const bool print_sta
     save_okay = diskio::save_csv_ascii(*this, spec.filename, spec.header_ro, with_header);
     }
   
-  if((print_status == true) && (save_okay == false))
+  if((print_status) && (save_okay == false))
     {
     arma_debug_warn("SpMat::save(): couldn't write to ", spec.filename);
     }
@@ -4785,7 +4785,7 @@ SpMat<eT>::load(const csv_name& spec, const file_type type, const bool print_sta
     load_okay = diskio::load_csv_ascii(*this, spec.filename, err_msg, spec.header_rw, with_header);
     }
   
-  if(print_status == true)
+  if(print_status)
     {
     if(load_okay == false)
       {
@@ -5798,7 +5798,7 @@ SpMat<eT>::init_xform_mt(const SpBase<eT2,T1>& A, const Functor& func)
   
   const SpProxy<T1> P(A.get_ref());
   
-  if( (P.is_alias(*this) == true) || (is_SpMat<typename SpProxy<T1>::stored_type>::value == true) )
+  if( P.is_alias(*this) || (is_SpMat<typename SpProxy<T1>::stored_type>::value) )
     {
     // NOTE: unwrap_spmat will convert a submatrix to a matrix, which in effect takes care of aliasing with submatrices;
     // NOTE: however, when more delayed ops are implemented, more elaborate handling of aliasing will be necessary
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/auxlib_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/auxlib_meat.hpp
index ba158873..fbe37991 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/auxlib_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/auxlib_meat.hpp
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ auxlib::lu(Mat<eT>& L, Mat<eT>& U, podarray<blas_int>& ipiv, const Base<eT,T1>&
         L.at(row,col) = eT(0);
         }
       
-      if( L.in_range(col,col) == true )
+      if( L.in_range(col,col) )
         {
         L.at(col,col) = eT(1);
         }
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/field_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/field_meat.hpp
index 37fe229c..8963925d 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/field_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/field_meat.hpp
@@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@ field<oT>::in_range(const span& x) const
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if(x.whole == true)
+  if(x.whole)
     {
     return true;
     }
@@ -1560,7 +1560,7 @@ field<oT>::in_range(const span& row_span, const uword in_col) const
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if(row_span.whole == true)
+  if(row_span.whole)
     {
     return (in_col < n_cols);
     }
@@ -1583,7 +1583,7 @@ field<oT>::in_range(const uword in_row, const span& col_span) const
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if(col_span.whole == true)
+  if(col_span.whole)
     {
     return (in_row < n_rows);
     }
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ field<oT>::in_range(const span& row_span, const span& col_span) const
   const bool rows_ok = row_span.whole ? true : ( (in_row1 <= in_row2) && (in_row2 < n_rows) );
   const bool cols_ok = col_span.whole ? true : ( (in_col1 <= in_col2) && (in_col2 < n_cols) );
   
-  return ( (rows_ok == true) && (cols_ok == true) );
+  return ( (rows_ok) && (cols_ok) );
   }
 
 
@@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ field<oT>::in_range(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slic
   const bool   cols_ok =   col_span.whole ? true : ( (in_col1   <= in_col2  ) && (in_col2   < n_cols  ) );
   const bool slices_ok = slice_span.whole ? true : ( (in_slice1 <= in_slice2) && (in_slice2 < n_slices) );
   
-  return ( (rows_ok == true) && (cols_ok == true) && (slices_ok == true) );
+  return ( (rows_ok) && (cols_ok) && (slices_ok) );
   }
 
 
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ field<oT>::save(const std::string name, const file_type type, const bool print_s
   std::string err_msg;
   const bool save_okay = field_aux::save(*this, name, type, err_msg);
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (save_okay == false) )
+  if( (print_status) && (save_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -1739,7 +1739,7 @@ field<oT>::save(std::ostream& os, const file_type type, const bool print_status)
   std::string err_msg;
   const bool save_okay = field_aux::save(*this, os, type, err_msg);
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (save_okay == false) )
+  if( (print_status) && (save_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -1767,7 +1767,7 @@ field<oT>::load(const std::string name, const file_type type, const bool print_s
   std::string err_msg;
   const bool load_okay = field_aux::load(*this, name, type, err_msg);
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+  if( (print_status) && (load_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
@@ -1800,7 +1800,7 @@ field<oT>::load(std::istream& is, const file_type type, const bool print_status)
   std::string err_msg;
   const bool load_okay = field_aux::load(*this, is, type, err_msg);
   
-  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+  if( (print_status) && (load_okay == false) )
     {
     if(err_msg.length() > 0)
       {
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_misc.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_misc.hpp
index 4a6eb08b..8a38449f 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_misc.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_misc.hpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ linspace
     
     const uword num_m1 = num - 1;
     
-    if(is_non_integral<T>::value == true)
+    if(is_non_integral<T>::value)
       {
       const T delta = (end-start)/T(num_m1);
       
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_sort_index.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_sort_index.hpp
index a3d32aad..add391fb 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_sort_index.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_sort_index.hpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ inline
 typename
 enable_if2
   <
-  ( (is_arma_type<T1>::value == true) && (is_same_type<T2, char>::value == true) ),
+  ( (is_arma_type<T1>::value) && (is_same_type<T2, char>::value) ),
   const mtOp<uword,T1,op_sort_index>
   >::result
 sort_index
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ inline
 typename
 enable_if2
   <
-  ( (is_arma_type<T1>::value == true) && (is_same_type<T2, char>::value == true) ),
+  ( (is_arma_type<T1>::value) && (is_same_type<T2, char>::value) ),
   const mtOp<uword,T1,op_stable_sort_index>
   >::result
 stable_sort_index
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_strans.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_strans.hpp
index 6d5fe9ef..eb3da68f 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_strans.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_strans.hpp
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ const Op<T1, op_strans>
 strans
   (
   const T1& X,
-  const typename enable_if< is_arma_type<T1>::value == true >::result* junk1 = nullptr,
-  const typename arma_cx_only<typename T1::elem_type>::result*         junk2 = nullptr
+  const typename enable_if< is_arma_type<T1>::value >::result* junk1 = nullptr,
+  const typename arma_cx_only<typename T1::elem_type>::result* junk2 = nullptr
   )
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ const Op<T1, op_htrans>
 strans
   (
   const T1& X,
-  const typename enable_if< is_arma_type<T1>::value == true >::result* junk1 = nullptr,
-  const typename arma_not_cx<typename T1::elem_type>::result*          junk2 = nullptr
+  const typename enable_if< is_arma_type<T1>::value >::result* junk1 = nullptr,
+  const typename arma_not_cx<typename T1::elem_type>::result*  junk2 = nullptr
   )
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ const SpOp<T1, spop_strans>
 strans
   (
   const T1& X,
-  const typename enable_if< is_arma_sparse_type<T1>::value == true >::result* junk1 = nullptr,
-  const typename arma_cx_only<typename T1::elem_type>::result*                junk2 = nullptr
+  const typename enable_if< is_arma_sparse_type<T1>::value >::result* junk1 = nullptr,
+  const typename arma_cx_only<typename T1::elem_type>::result*        junk2 = nullptr
   )
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ const SpOp<T1, spop_htrans>
 strans
   (
   const T1& X,
-  const typename enable_if< is_arma_sparse_type<T1>::value == true >::result* junk1 = nullptr,
-  const typename arma_not_cx<typename T1::elem_type>::result*                 junk2 = nullptr
+  const typename enable_if< is_arma_sparse_type<T1>::value >::result* junk1 = nullptr,
+  const typename arma_not_cx<typename T1::elem_type>::result*         junk2 = nullptr
   )
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_trans.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_trans.hpp
index ca4cc575..a24bdb07 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_trans.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_trans.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const Op<T1, op_htrans>
 trans
   (
   const T1& X,
-  const typename enable_if< is_arma_type<T1>::value == true >::result* junk = nullptr
+  const typename enable_if< is_arma_type<T1>::value >::result* junk = nullptr
   )
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ const Op<T1, op_htrans>
 htrans
   (
   const T1& X,
-  const typename enable_if< is_arma_type<T1>::value == true >::result* junk = nullptr
+  const typename enable_if< is_arma_type<T1>::value >::result* junk = nullptr
   )
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const SpOp<T1, spop_htrans>
 trans
   (
   const T1& X,
-  const typename enable_if< is_arma_sparse_type<T1>::value == true >::result* junk = nullptr
+  const typename enable_if< is_arma_sparse_type<T1>::value >::result* junk = nullptr
   )
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ const SpOp<T1, spop_htrans>
 htrans
   (
   const T1& X,
-  const typename enable_if< is_arma_sparse_type<T1>::value == true >::result* junk = nullptr
+  const typename enable_if< is_arma_sparse_type<T1>::value >::result* junk = nullptr
   )
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_zeros.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_zeros.hpp
index 41fe1a7d..38427282 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/fn_zeros.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/fn_zeros.hpp
@@ -176,12 +176,12 @@ zeros(const uword n_rows, const uword n_cols, const typename arma_SpMat_SpCol_Sp
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   arma_ignore(junk);
   
-  if(is_SpCol<sp_obj_type>::value == true)
+  if(is_SpCol<sp_obj_type>::value)
     {
     arma_debug_check( (n_cols != 1), "zeros(): incompatible size" );
     }
   else
-  if(is_SpRow<sp_obj_type>::value == true)
+  if(is_SpRow<sp_obj_type>::value)
     {
     arma_debug_check( (n_rows != 1), "zeros(): incompatible size" );
     }
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/injector_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/injector_meat.hpp
index 9946d77c..221d8a51 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/injector_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/injector_meat.hpp
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ mat_injector<T1>::~mat_injector()
     
     const uword max_n_rows = ((*(A[n_rows-1])).n_cols == 0) ? n_rows-1 : n_rows;
     
-    if(is_Mat_only<T1>::value == true)
+    if(is_Mat_only<T1>::value)
       {
       X.set_size(max_n_rows, max_n_cols);
       
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ mat_injector<T1>::~mat_injector()
         }
       }
     else
-    if(is_Row<T1>::value == true)
+    if(is_Row<T1>::value)
       {
       arma_debug_check( (max_n_rows > 1), "matrix initialisation: incompatible dimensions" );
       
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ mat_injector<T1>::~mat_injector()
       arrayops::copy( X.memptr(), (*(A[0])).A.memptr(), n_cols );
       }
     else
-    if(is_Col<T1>::value == true)
+    if(is_Col<T1>::value)
       {
       const bool is_vec = ( (max_n_rows == 1) || (max_n_cols == 1) );
       
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/op_dot_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/op_dot_meat.hpp
index 0fc7c026..8e8a6bd7 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/op_dot_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/op_dot_meat.hpp
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ op_cdot::apply(const T1& X, const T2& Y)
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if( (is_Mat<T1>::value == true) && (is_Mat<T2>::value == true) )
+  if( (is_Mat<T1>::value) && (is_Mat<T2>::value) )
     {
     return op_cdot::apply_unwrap(X,Y);
     }
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/op_fft_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/op_fft_meat.hpp
index ed69f2ea..94139241 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/op_fft_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/op_fft_meat.hpp
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ op_fft_cx::apply_noalias(Mat<typename T1::elem_type>& out, const Proxy<T1>& P, c
     
   
   // correct the scaling for the inverse transform
-  if(inverse == true)
+  if(inverse)
     {
     typedef typename get_pod_type<eT>::result T;
     
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ op_fft_cx::copy_vec(typename Proxy<T1>::elem_type* dest, const Proxy<T1>& P, con
   {
   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
   
-  if(is_Mat< typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type >::value == true)
+  if(is_Mat< typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type >::value)
     {
     op_fft_cx::copy_vec_unwrap(dest, P, N);
     }
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/op_median_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/op_median_meat.hpp
index c51a2a3d..a69d26f8 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/op_median_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/op_median_meat.hpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ op_median::apply(Mat<typename T1::elem_type>& out, const Op<T1,op_median>& in)
   
   const bool is_alias = P.is_alias(out);
   
-  if( (is_Mat<P_stored_type>::value == true) || is_alias )
+  if( (is_Mat<P_stored_type>::value) || is_alias )
     {
     const unwrap_check<P_stored_type> tmp(P.Q, is_alias);
     
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ op_median::median_vec
   
   std::vector<eT> tmp_vec(n_elem);
   
-  if(is_Mat<P_stored_type>::value == true)
+  if(is_Mat<P_stored_type>::value)
     {
     const unwrap<P_stored_type> tmp(P.Q);
     
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/op_toeplitz_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/op_toeplitz_meat.hpp
index aed91b2a..086cd93e 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/op_toeplitz_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/op_toeplitz_meat.hpp
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ op_toeplitz_c::apply(Mat<typename T1::elem_type>& out, const Op<T1,op_toeplitz_c
   
   out.set_size(N,N);
   
-  if(X.is_rowvec() == true)
+  if(X.is_rowvec())
     {
     for(uword row=0; row < N; ++row)
       {
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/op_vectorise_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/op_vectorise_meat.hpp
index 2acaafa7..34755b23 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/op_vectorise_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/op_vectorise_meat.hpp
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ op_vectorise_row::apply_proxy(Mat<typename T1::elem_type>& out, const Proxy<T1>&
   
   if(n_cols == 1)
     {
-    if(is_Mat<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type>::value == true)
+    if(is_Mat<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type>::value)
       {
       const unwrap<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type> tmp(P.Q);
       
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ op_vectorise_cube_col::apply_proxy(Mat<typename T1::elem_type>& out, const Proxy
   
   out.set_size(N, 1);
   
-  if(is_Cube<typename ProxyCube<T1>::stored_type>::value == true)
+  if(is_Cube<typename ProxyCube<T1>::stored_type>::value)
     {
     const unwrap_cube<typename ProxyCube<T1>::stored_type> tmp(P.Q);
     
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/subview_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/subview_meat.hpp
index 75b26ddf..5c06571a 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/subview_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/subview_meat.hpp
@@ -1520,7 +1520,7 @@ subview<eT>::extract(Mat<eT>& out, const subview<eT>& in)
   arma_extra_debug_print(arma_str::format("out.n_rows = %d   out.n_cols = %d    in.m.n_rows = %d  in.m.n_cols = %d") % out.n_rows % out.n_cols % in.m.n_rows % in.m.n_cols );
   
   
-  if(in.is_vec() == true)
+  if(in.is_vec())
     {
     if(n_cols == 1)   // a column vector
       {