diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/Col_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/Col_meat.hpp
index 942541a0..6b318c00 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/Col_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/Col_meat.hpp
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ Col<eT>::operator=(Col<eT>&& X)
 //   if(X.n_cols != 1)  { const Mat<eT>& XX = X; Mat<eT>::operator=(XX); return *this; }
 //   
 //   (*this).steal_mem(X, true);
-//   
+//    
 //   return *this;
 //   }
 
@@ -521,11 +521,9 @@ template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
 Col<eT>::Col(const Base<eT,T1>& X)
-  : Mat<eT>(arma_vec_indicator(), 1)
+  : Mat<eT>(X.get_ref(), arma_vec_indicator(), 1)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  Mat<eT>::operator=(X.get_ref());
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }
 
 
@@ -549,11 +547,9 @@ template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
 Col<eT>::Col(const SpBase<eT,T1>& X)
-  : Mat<eT>(arma_vec_indicator(), 1)
+  : Mat<eT>(X.get_ref(), arma_vec_indicator(), 1)
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
-  
-  Mat<eT>::operator=(X.get_ref());
   }
 
 
@@ -607,12 +603,9 @@ Col<eT>::Col
   const Base<typename Col<eT>::pod_type, T1>& A,
   const Base<typename Col<eT>::pod_type, T2>& B
   )
+  : Mat<eT>(A.get_ref(), B.get_ref(), arma_vec_indicator(), 1)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  access::rw(Mat<eT>::vec_state) = 1;
-  
-  Mat<eT>::init(A,B);
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }
 
 
@@ -621,12 +614,9 @@ template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
 Col<eT>::Col(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
+  : Mat<eT>(X.get_ref(), arma_vec_indicator(), 1)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  access::rw(Mat<eT>::vec_state) = 1;
-  
-  Mat<eT>::operator=(X);
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }
 
 
@@ -649,12 +639,9 @@ Col<eT>::operator=(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
 template<typename eT>
 inline
 Col<eT>::Col(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
+  : Mat<eT>(X, arma_vec_indicator(), 1)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  access::rw(Mat<eT>::vec_state) = 1;
-  
-  Mat<eT>::operator=(X);
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }
 
 
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_bones.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_bones.hpp
index d0673160..a0e71c9f 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_bones.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_bones.hpp
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   inline Mat& operator*=(const eT val);
   inline Mat& operator/=(const eT val);
   
+  inline             Mat(const Mat& m, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   inline             Mat(const Mat& m);
   inline Mat& operator= (const Mat& m);
   inline Mat& operator+=(const Mat& m);
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   inline Mat& operator%=(const Mat& m);
   inline Mat& operator/=(const Mat& m);
   
+  template<typename T1> inline             Mat(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1> inline             Mat(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator= (const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator+=(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X);
@@ -115,11 +117,12 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator%=(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator/=(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X);
   
-  template<typename T1, typename T2>
-  inline explicit Mat(const Base<pod_type,T1>& A, const Base<pod_type,T2>& B);
+  template<typename T1, typename T2> inline explicit Mat(const Base<pod_type,T1>& A, const Base<pod_type,T2>& B, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
+  template<typename T1, typename T2> inline explicit Mat(const Base<pod_type,T1>& A, const Base<pod_type,T2>& B);
   
   inline explicit    Mat(const subview<eT>& X, const bool use_colmem);  // only to be used by the quasi_unwrap class
   
+  inline             Mat(const subview<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   inline             Mat(const subview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator= (const subview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator+=(const subview<eT>& X);
@@ -135,6 +138,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<bool do_conj>
   inline Mat(const xtrans_mat<eT,do_conj>& X);  //        xtrans_mat can only be generated by the Proxy class
   
+  inline             Mat(const subview_cube<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   inline             Mat(const subview_cube<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator= (const subview_cube<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator+=(const subview_cube<eT>& X);
@@ -143,6 +147,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   inline Mat& operator%=(const subview_cube<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator/=(const subview_cube<eT>& X);
   
+  inline             Mat(const diagview<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   inline             Mat(const diagview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator= (const diagview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator+=(const diagview<eT>& X);
@@ -151,6 +156,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   inline Mat& operator%=(const diagview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator/=(const diagview<eT>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1> inline             Mat(const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1> inline             Mat(const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator= (const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator+=(const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X);
@@ -159,6 +165,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator%=(const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator/=(const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename T2> inline             Mat(const subview_elem2<eT,T1,T2>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename T2> inline             Mat(const subview_elem2<eT,T1,T2>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2> inline Mat& operator= (const subview_elem2<eT,T1,T2>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2> inline Mat& operator+=(const subview_elem2<eT,T1,T2>& X);
@@ -168,6 +175,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename T2> inline Mat& operator/=(const subview_elem2<eT,T1,T2>& X);
 
   // Operators on sparse matrices (and subviews)
+  template<typename T1> inline explicit    Mat(const SpBase<eT, T1>& m, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1> inline explicit    Mat(const SpBase<eT, T1>& m);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator= (const SpBase<eT, T1>& m);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator+=(const SpBase<eT, T1>& m);
@@ -176,11 +184,13 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator%=(const SpBase<eT, T1>& m);
   template<typename T1> inline Mat& operator/=(const SpBase<eT, T1>& m);
   
+  inline explicit    Mat(const SpSubview<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   inline explicit    Mat(const SpSubview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator= (const SpSubview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator+=(const SpSubview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator-=(const SpSubview<eT>& X);
   
+  inline explicit    Mat(const spdiagview<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   inline explicit    Mat(const spdiagview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator= (const spdiagview<eT>& X);
   inline Mat& operator+=(const spdiagview<eT>& X);
@@ -320,6 +330,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1> inline void insert_cols(const uword col_num, const Base<eT,T1>& X);
   
   
+  template<typename T1, typename gen_type> inline             Mat(const Gen<T1, gen_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename gen_type> inline             Mat(const Gen<T1, gen_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename gen_type> inline Mat& operator= (const Gen<T1, gen_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename gen_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const Gen<T1, gen_type>& X);
@@ -328,6 +339,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename gen_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const Gen<T1, gen_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename gen_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const Gen<T1, gen_type>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline             Mat(const Op<T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline             Mat(const Op<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator= (const Op<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const Op<T1, op_type>& X);
@@ -336,6 +348,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const Op<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const Op<T1, op_type>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename eop_type> inline             Mat(const eOp<T1, eop_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename eop_type> inline             Mat(const eOp<T1, eop_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename eop_type> inline Mat& operator= (const eOp<T1, eop_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename eop_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const eOp<T1, eop_type>& X);
@@ -344,6 +357,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename eop_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const eOp<T1, eop_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename eop_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const eOp<T1, eop_type>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline             Mat(const mtOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline             Mat(const mtOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator= (const mtOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const mtOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
@@ -352,6 +366,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const mtOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const mtOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
 
+  template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline             Mat(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline             Mat(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator= (const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X);
@@ -360,6 +375,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline             Mat(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline             Mat(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator= (const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X);
@@ -368,6 +384,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline explicit    Mat(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline explicit    Mat(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator= (const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
@@ -376,6 +393,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename op_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline             Mat(const Glue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline             Mat(const Glue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline Mat& operator= (const Glue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const Glue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
@@ -387,6 +405,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename T2>                     inline Mat& operator+=(const Glue<T1, T2, glue_times>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2>                     inline Mat& operator-=(const Glue<T1, T2, glue_times>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type> inline             Mat(const eGlue<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type> inline             Mat(const eGlue<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type> inline Mat& operator= (const eGlue<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const eGlue<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X);
@@ -395,6 +414,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const eGlue<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const eGlue<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline             Mat(const mtGlue<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline             Mat(const mtGlue<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline Mat& operator= (const mtGlue<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const mtGlue<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
@@ -403,6 +423,7 @@ class Mat : public Base< eT, Mat<eT> >
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline Mat& operator%=(const mtGlue<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline Mat& operator/=(const mtGlue<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
   
+  template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline             Mat(const SpToDGlue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline             Mat(const SpToDGlue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline Mat& operator= (const SpToDGlue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
   template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type> inline Mat& operator+=(const SpToDGlue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X);
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_meat.hpp
index 42e1736d..41da8bc7 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/Mat_meat.hpp
@@ -880,7 +880,26 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const eT val)
 
 
 
-//! construct a matrix from a given matrix
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const Mat<eT>& in_mat, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint(arma_str::format("this: %x; in_mat: %x") % this % &in_mat);
+  
+  init_cold();
+  
+  arrayops::copy( memptr(), in_mat.mem, in_mat.n_elem );
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 inline
 Mat<eT>::Mat(const Mat<eT>& in_mat)
@@ -901,7 +920,6 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const Mat<eT>& in_mat)
 
 
 
-//! construct a matrix from a given matrix
 template<typename eT>
 inline
 Mat<eT>&
@@ -1496,6 +1514,25 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const Mat<eT>& m)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  (*this).operator=(X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
@@ -1943,15 +1980,30 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const Base<typename Mat<eT>::pod_type,T1>& A, const Base<typename Mat<eT>::pod_type,T2>& B, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init(A,B);
+  }
+
+
+
 //! for constructing a complex matrix out of two non-complex matrices
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename T2>
 inline
-Mat<eT>::Mat
-  (
-  const Base<typename Mat<eT>::pod_type,T1>& A,
-  const Base<typename Mat<eT>::pod_type,T2>& B
-  )
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const Base<typename Mat<eT>::pod_type,T1>& A, const Base<typename Mat<eT>::pod_type,T2>& B)
   : n_rows(0)
   , n_cols(0)
   , n_elem(0)
@@ -1994,6 +2046,26 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const subview<eT>& X, const bool use_colmem)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const subview<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init_warm(X.n_rows, X.n_cols);
+    
+  subview<eT>::extract(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 //! construct a matrix from subview (eg. construct a matrix from a delayed submatrix operation)
 template<typename eT>
 inline
@@ -2197,6 +2269,24 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const xtrans_mat<eT,do_conj>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const subview_cube<eT>& x, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  (*this).operator=(x);
+  }
+
+
+
 //! construct a matrix from a subview_cube instance
 template<typename eT>
 inline
@@ -2211,7 +2301,7 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const subview_cube<eT>& x)
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   
-  this->operator=(x);
+  (*this).operator=(x);
   }
 
 
@@ -2308,6 +2398,26 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const diagview<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init_warm(X.n_rows, X.n_cols);
+  
+  diagview<eT>::extract(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 //! construct a matrix from diagview (eg. construct a matrix from a delayed diag operation)
 template<typename eT>
 inline
@@ -2432,6 +2542,25 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const diagview<eT>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  (*this).operator=(X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
@@ -2446,7 +2575,7 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X)
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   
-  this->operator=(X);
+  (*this).operator=(X);
   }
 
 
@@ -2541,6 +2670,25 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const subview_elem1<eT,T1>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const subview_elem2<eT,T1,T2>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  (*this).operator=(X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename T2>
 inline
@@ -2555,7 +2703,7 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const subview_elem2<eT,T1,T2>& X)
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   
-  this->operator=(X);
+  (*this).operator=(X);
   }
 
 
@@ -2650,6 +2798,25 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const subview_elem2<eT,T1,T2>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const SpBase<eT, T1>& m, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  (*this).operator=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
@@ -2835,6 +3002,24 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const SpBase<eT, T1>& m)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const SpSubview<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  (*this).operator=(X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 inline
 Mat<eT>::Mat(const SpSubview<eT>& X)
@@ -3018,6 +3203,26 @@ Mat<eT>::operator-=(const SpSubview<eT>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const spdiagview<eT>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init_warm(X.n_rows, X.n_cols);
+  
+  spdiagview<eT>::extract(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 inline
 Mat<eT>::Mat(const spdiagview<eT>& X)
@@ -4925,6 +5130,29 @@ Mat<eT>::insert_cols(const uword col_num, const Base<eT,T1>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename gen_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const Gen<T1, gen_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
+  
+  init_warm(X.n_rows, X.n_cols);
+  
+  X.apply(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename gen_type>
 inline
@@ -5052,6 +5280,27 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const Gen<T1, gen_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const Op<T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
+  
+  op_type::apply(static_cast< Mat_noalias<eT>& >(*this), X);
+  }
+
+
+
 //! create a matrix from Op, ie. run the previously delayed unary operations
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename op_type>
@@ -5182,6 +5431,37 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const Op<T1, op_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const eOp<T1, eop_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
+  
+  init_warm(X.get_n_rows(), X.get_n_cols());
+  
+  if(arma_config::optimise_powexpr && is_same_type<eop_type, eop_pow>::value)
+    {
+    constexpr bool eT_ok = is_real_or_cx<eT>::value;
+    
+    if(          X.aux == eT(2)   )  { eop_square::apply(*this, reinterpret_cast< const eOp<T1, eop_square>& >(X)); return; }
+    if(eT_ok && (X.aux == eT(0.5)))  {   eop_sqrt::apply(*this, reinterpret_cast< const eOp<T1, eop_sqrt  >& >(X)); return; }
+    }
+  
+  eop_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 //! create a matrix from eOp, ie. run the previously delayed unary operations
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
@@ -5379,6 +5659,25 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const eOp<T1, eop_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const mtOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  op_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename op_type>
 inline
@@ -5488,6 +5787,27 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const mtOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
+  
+  op_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename op_type>
 inline
@@ -5501,9 +5821,9 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X)
   , mem()
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
-
+  
   arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
-
+  
   op_type::apply(*this, X);
   }
 
@@ -5516,7 +5836,7 @@ Mat<eT>&
 Mat<eT>::operator=(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X)
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint();
-
+  
   arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
   
   op_type::apply(*this, X);
@@ -5611,6 +5931,27 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const CubeToMatOp<T1, op_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
+  
+  op_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename op_type>
 inline
@@ -5624,9 +5965,9 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X)
   , mem()
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
-
+  
   arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
-
+  
   op_type::apply(*this, X);
   }
 
@@ -5640,7 +5981,7 @@ Mat<eT>&
 Mat<eT>::operator=(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X)
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint();
-
+  
   arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
   
   op_type::apply(*this, X);
@@ -5740,6 +6081,25 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const SpToDOp<T1, op_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  op_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename op_type>
 inline
@@ -5753,7 +6113,7 @@ Mat<eT>::Mat(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
   , mem()
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
-
+  
   op_type::apply(*this, X);
   }
 
@@ -5766,7 +6126,7 @@ Mat<eT>&
 Mat<eT>::operator=(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
   {
   arma_debug_sigprint();
-
+  
   op_type::apply(*this, X);
   
   return *this;
@@ -5849,6 +6209,28 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const mtSpReduceOp<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const Glue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
+  
+  glue_type::apply(static_cast< Mat_noalias<eT>& >(*this), X);
+  }
+
+
+
 //! create a matrix from Glue, ie. run the previously delayed binary operations
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
@@ -6016,6 +6398,30 @@ Mat<eT>::operator-=(const Glue<T1, T2, glue_times>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const eGlue<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
+  
+  init_warm(X.get_n_rows(), X.get_n_cols());
+  
+  eglue_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 //! create a matrix from eGlue, ie. run the previously delayed binary operations
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
@@ -6199,6 +6605,25 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const eGlue<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const mtGlue<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  glue_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
 inline
@@ -6310,6 +6735,28 @@ Mat<eT>::operator/=(const mtGlue<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
 
 
 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+Mat<eT>::Mat(const SpToDGlue<T1, T2, glue_type>& X, const arma_vec_indicator&, const uhword in_vec_state)
+  : n_rows( (in_vec_state == 2) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_cols( (in_vec_state == 1) ? 1 : 0 )
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , n_alloc(0)
+  , vec_state(in_vec_state)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::no ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::no ));
+  
+  glue_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
 template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
 inline
diff --git a/include/armadillo_bits/Row_meat.hpp b/include/armadillo_bits/Row_meat.hpp
index bfc5950c..012d85ef 100644
--- a/include/armadillo_bits/Row_meat.hpp
+++ b/include/armadillo_bits/Row_meat.hpp
@@ -521,11 +521,9 @@ template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
 Row<eT>::Row(const Base<eT,T1>& X)
-  : Mat<eT>(arma_vec_indicator(), 2)
+  : Mat<eT>(X.get_ref(), arma_vec_indicator(), 2)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  Mat<eT>::operator=(X.get_ref());
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }
 
 
@@ -549,11 +547,9 @@ template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
 Row<eT>::Row(const SpBase<eT,T1>& X)
-  : Mat<eT>(arma_vec_indicator(), 2)
+  : Mat<eT>(X.get_ref(), arma_vec_indicator(), 2)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  Mat<eT>::operator=(X.get_ref());
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }
 
 
@@ -607,12 +603,9 @@ Row<eT>::Row
   const Base<typename Row<eT>::pod_type, T1>& A,
   const Base<typename Row<eT>::pod_type, T2>& B
   )
+  : Mat<eT>(A.get_ref(), B.get_ref(), arma_vec_indicator(), 2)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  access::rw(Mat<eT>::vec_state) = 2;
-  
-  Mat<eT>::init(A,B);
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }
 
 
@@ -631,12 +624,9 @@ template<typename eT>
 template<typename T1>
 inline
 Row<eT>::Row(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
+  : Mat<eT>(X.get_ref(), arma_vec_indicator(), 2)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  access::rw(Mat<eT>::vec_state) = 2;
-  
-  Mat<eT>::operator=(X);
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }
 
 
@@ -659,12 +649,9 @@ Row<eT>::operator=(const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
 template<typename eT>
 inline
 Row<eT>::Row(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
+  : Mat<eT>(X, arma_vec_indicator(), 2)
   {
-  arma_debug_sigprint();
-  
-  access::rw(Mat<eT>::vec_state) = 2;
-  
-  Mat<eT>::operator=(X);
+  arma_debug_sigprint_this(this);
   }