//                                MFEM Example 14
//
// Compile with: make ex14
//
// Sample runs:  ex14 -m ../data/inline-quad.mesh -o 0
//               ex14 -m ../data/star.mesh -r 4 -o 2
//               ex14 -m ../data/star-mixed.mesh -r 4 -o 2
//               ex14 -m ../data/star-mixed.mesh -r 2 -o 2 -k 0 -e 1
//               ex14 -m ../data/escher.mesh -s 1
//               ex14 -m ../data/fichera.mesh -s 1 -k 1
//               ex14 -m ../data/fichera-mixed.mesh -s 1 -k 1
//               ex14 -m ../data/square-disc-p2.vtk -r 3 -o 2
//               ex14 -m ../data/square-disc-p3.mesh -r 2 -o 3
//               ex14 -m ../data/square-disc-nurbs.mesh -o 1
//               ex14 -m ../data/disc-nurbs.mesh -r 3 -o 2 -s 1 -k 0
//               ex14 -m ../data/pipe-nurbs.mesh -o 1
//               ex14 -m ../data/inline-segment.mesh -r 5
//               ex14 -m ../data/amr-quad.mesh -r 3
//               ex14 -m ../data/amr-hex.mesh
//               ex14 -m ../data/fichera-amr.mesh
//               ex14 -pa -r 1 -o 3
//               ex14 -pa -r 1 -o 3 -m ../data/fichera.mesh
//
// Device sample runs:
//               ex14 -pa -r 2 -d cuda -o 3
//               ex14 -pa -r 2 -d cuda -o 3 -m ../data/fichera.mesh
//
// Description:  This example code demonstrates the use of MFEM to define a
//               discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element discretization of
//               the Poisson problem -Delta u = 1 with homogeneous Dirichlet
//               boundary conditions. Finite element spaces of any order,
//               including zero on regular grids, are supported. The example
//               highlights the use of discontinuous spaces and DG-specific face
//               integrators.
//
//               We recommend viewing examples 1 and 9 before viewing this
//               example.

#include "mfem.hpp"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace mfem;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   // 1. Parse command-line options.
   const char *mesh_file = "../data/star.mesh";
   int ref_levels = -1;
   int order = 1;
   real_t sigma = -1.0;
   real_t kappa = -1.0;
   real_t eta = 0.0;
   bool pa = false;
   bool visualization = 1;
   const char *device_config = "cpu";

   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
                  "Mesh file to use.");
   args.AddOption(&ref_levels, "-r", "--refine",
                  "Number of times to refine the mesh uniformly, -1 for auto.");
   args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order",
                  "Finite element order (polynomial degree) >= 0.");
   args.AddOption(&sigma, "-s", "--sigma",
                  "One of the three DG penalty parameters, typically +1/-1."
                  " See the documentation of class DGDiffusionIntegrator.");
   args.AddOption(&kappa, "-k", "--kappa",
                  "One of the three DG penalty parameters, should be positive."
                  " Negative values are replaced with (order+1)^2.");
   args.AddOption(&eta, "-e", "--eta", "BR2 penalty parameter.");
   args.AddOption(&pa, "-pa", "--partial-assembly", "-no-pa",
                  "--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
                  "--no-visualization",
                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.Parse();
   if (!args.Good())
   {
      args.PrintUsage(cout);
      return 1;
   }
   if (kappa < 0)
   {
      kappa = (order+1)*(order+1);
   }
   args.PrintOptions(cout);

   // 2. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
   Device device(device_config);
   device.Print();

   // 3. Read the mesh from the given mesh file. We can handle triangular,
   //    quadrilateral, tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes with the same code.
   //    NURBS meshes are projected to second order meshes.
   Mesh mesh(mesh_file);
   const int dim = mesh.Dimension();

   // 4. Refine the mesh to increase the resolution. In this example we do
   //    'ref_levels' of uniform refinement. By default, or if ref_levels < 0,
   //    we choose it to be the largest number that gives a final mesh with no
   //    more than 50,000 elements.
   {
      if (ref_levels < 0)
      {
         ref_levels = (int)floor(log(50000./mesh.GetNE())/log(2.)/dim);
      }
      for (int l = 0; l < ref_levels; l++)
      {
         mesh.UniformRefinement();
      }
   }
   if (mesh.NURBSext)
   {
      mesh.SetCurvature(max(order, 1));
   }

   // 5. Define a finite element space on the mesh. Here we use discontinuous
   //    finite elements of the specified order >= 0.
   const auto bt = pa ? BasisType::GaussLobatto : BasisType::GaussLegendre;
   DG_FECollection fec(order, dim, bt);
   FiniteElementSpace fespace(&mesh, &fec);
   cout << "Number of unknowns: " << fespace.GetVSize() << endl;

   // 6. Set up the linear form b(.) which corresponds to the right-hand side of
   //    the FEM linear system.
   LinearForm b(&fespace);
   ConstantCoefficient one(1.0);
   ConstantCoefficient zero(0.0);
   b.AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(one));
   b.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(
      new DGDirichletLFIntegrator(zero, one, sigma, kappa));
   b.Assemble();

   // 7. Define the solution vector x as a finite element grid function
   //    corresponding to fespace. Initialize x with initial guess of zero.
   GridFunction x(&fespace);
   x = 0.0;

   // 8. Set up the bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
   //    corresponding to the Laplacian operator -Delta, by adding the Diffusion
   //    domain integrator and the interior and boundary DG face integrators.
   //    Note that boundary conditions are imposed weakly in the form, so there
   //    is no need for dof elimination. After assembly and finalizing we
   //    extract the corresponding sparse matrix A.
   BilinearForm a(&fespace);
   a.AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));
   a.AddInteriorFaceIntegrator(new DGDiffusionIntegrator(one, sigma, kappa));
   a.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(new DGDiffusionIntegrator(one, sigma, kappa));
   if (eta > 0)
   {
      MFEM_VERIFY(!pa, "BR2 not yet compatible with partial assembly.");
      a.AddInteriorFaceIntegrator(new DGDiffusionBR2Integrator(fespace, eta));
      a.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(new DGDiffusionBR2Integrator(fespace, eta));
   }
   if (pa) { a.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
   a.Assemble();
   a.Finalize();

   // 9. Define a simple symmetric Gauss-Seidel preconditioner and use it to
   //    solve the system Ax=b with PCG in the symmetric case, and GMRES in the
   //    non-symmetric one. (Note that tolerances are squared: 1e-12 corresponds
   //    to a relative tolerance of 1e-6).
   //
   //    If MFEM was compiled with SuiteSparse, use UMFPACK to solve the system.
   if (pa)
   {
      MFEM_VERIFY(sigma == -1.0,
                  "The case of PA with sigma != -1 is not yet supported.");
      CG(a, b, x, 1, 500, 1e-12, 0.0);
   }
   else
   {
      const SparseMatrix &A = a.SpMat();
#ifndef MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE
      GSSmoother M(A);
      if (sigma == -1.0)
      {
         PCG(A, M, b, x, 1, 500, 1e-12, 0.0);
      }
      else
      {
         GMRES(A, M, b, x, 1, 500, 10, 1e-12, 0.0);
      }
#else
      UMFPackSolver umf_solver;
      umf_solver.Control[UMFPACK_ORDERING] = UMFPACK_ORDERING_METIS;
      umf_solver.SetOperator(A);
      umf_solver.Mult(b, x);
#endif
   }

   // 10. Save the refined mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed
   //     later using GLVis: "glvis -m refined.mesh -g sol.gf".
   ofstream mesh_ofs("refined.mesh");
   mesh_ofs.precision(8);
   mesh.Print(mesh_ofs);
   ofstream sol_ofs("sol.gf");
   sol_ofs.precision(8);
   x.Save(sol_ofs);

   // 11. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
   if (visualization)
   {
      char vishost[] = "localhost";
      int  visport   = 19916;
      socketstream sol_sock(vishost, visport);
      sol_sock.precision(8);
      sol_sock << "solution\n" << mesh << x << flush;
   }

   return 0;
}