422 lines
13 KiB
C++
422 lines
13 KiB
C++
// Copyright (c) 2010-2023, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
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// at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
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// LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
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//
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// This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
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// availability visit https://mfem.org.
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//
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// MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
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// terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
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// CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
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//
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// MFEM Ultraweak DPG example for diffusion
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//
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// Compile with: make diffusion
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//
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// sample runs
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// diffusion -m ../../data/star.mesh -o 3 -ref 1 -do 1 -prob 1 -sc
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// diffusion -m ../../data/inline-tri.mesh -o 2 -ref 2 -do 1 -prob 0
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// diffusion -m ../../data/inline-quad.mesh -o 4 -ref 1 -do 2 -prob 0 -sc
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// diffusion -m ../../data/inline-tet.mesh -o 3 -ref 0 -do 1 -prob 1 -sc
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// Description:
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// This example code demonstrates the use of MFEM to define and solve
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// the "ultraweak" (UW) DPG formulation for the Poisson problem
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// - Δ u = f, in Ω
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// u = u₀, on ∂Ω
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// It solves two kinds of problems
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// a) f = 1 and u₀ = 0 (like ex1)
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// b) A manufactured solution problem where u_exact = sin(π * (x + y + z)).
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// This example computes and prints out convergence rates for the L2 error.
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// The DPG UW deals with the First Order System
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// ∇ u - σ = 0, in Ω
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// - ∇⋅σ = f, in Ω
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// u = u₀, in ∂Ω
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// Ultraweak-DPG is obtained by integration by parts of both equations and the
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// introduction of trace unknowns on the mesh skeleton
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//
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// u ∈ L²(Ω), σ ∈ (L²(Ω))ᵈⁱᵐ
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// û ∈ H^1/2(Γₕ), σ̂ ∈ H^-1/2(Γₕ)
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// -(u , ∇⋅τ) - (σ , τ) + < û, τ⋅n> = 0, ∀ τ ∈ H(div,Ω)
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// (σ , ∇ v) + < σ̂, v > = (f,v) ∀ v ∈ H¹(Ω)
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// û = u₀ on ∂Ω
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// Note:
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// û := u and σ̂ := -σ on the mesh skeleton
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//
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// -------------------------------------------------------------
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// | | u | σ | û | σ̂ | RHS |
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// -------------------------------------------------------------
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// | τ | -(u,∇⋅τ) | -(σ,τ) | < û, τ⋅n> | | 0 |
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// | | | | | | |
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// | v | | (σ,∇ v) | | <σ̂,v> | (f,v) |
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// where (τ,v) ∈ H(div,Ω) × H^1(Ω)
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// Here we use the "space-induced" test norm i.e.,
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//
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// ||(t,v)||²_H(div)×H¹ := ||t||² + ||∇⋅t||² + ||v||² + ||∇v||²
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// For more information see https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01818-8_6
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#include "mfem.hpp"
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#include "util/weakform.hpp"
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#include "../common/mfem-common.hpp"
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#include <fstream>
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#include <iostream>
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using namespace std;
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using namespace mfem;
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using namespace mfem::common;
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enum prob_type
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{
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manufactured,
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general
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};
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prob_type prob;
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fptype exact_u(const Vector & X);
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void exact_gradu(const Vector & X, Vector &gradu);
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fptype exact_laplacian_u(const Vector & X);
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void exact_sigma(const Vector & X, Vector & sigma);
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fptype exact_hatu(const Vector & X);
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void exact_hatsigma(const Vector & X, Vector & hatsigma);
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fptype f_exact(const Vector & X);
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int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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// 1. Parse command-line options.
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const char *mesh_file = "../../data/inline-quad.mesh";
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int order = 1;
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int delta_order = 1;
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int ref = 0;
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bool visualization = true;
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int iprob = 1;
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bool static_cond = false;
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OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
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args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
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"Mesh file to use.");
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args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order",
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"Finite element order (polynomial degree).");
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args.AddOption(&delta_order, "-do", "--delta_order",
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"Order enrichment for DPG test space.");
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args.AddOption(&ref, "-ref", "--num_refinements",
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"Number of uniform refinements");
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args.AddOption(&iprob, "-prob", "--problem", "Problem case"
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" 0: manufactured, 1: general");
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args.AddOption(&static_cond, "-sc", "--static-condensation", "-no-sc",
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"--no-static-condensation", "Enable static condensation.");
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args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
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"--no-visualization",
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"Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
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args.Parse();
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if (!args.Good())
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{
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args.PrintUsage(cout);
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return 1;
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}
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args.PrintOptions(cout);
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if (iprob > 1) { iprob = 1; }
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prob = (prob_type)iprob;
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Mesh mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
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int dim = mesh.Dimension();
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MFEM_VERIFY(dim > 1, "Dimension = 1 is not supported in this example");
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// Define spaces
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enum TrialSpace
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{
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u_space = 0,
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sigma_space = 1,
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hatu_space = 2,
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hatsigma_space = 3
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};
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enum TestSpace
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{
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tau_space = 0,
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v_space = 1
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};
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// L2 space for u
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FiniteElementCollection *u_fec = new L2_FECollection(order-1,dim);
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FiniteElementSpace *u_fes = new FiniteElementSpace(&mesh,u_fec);
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// Vector L2 space for σ
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FiniteElementCollection *sigma_fec = new L2_FECollection(order-1,dim);
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FiniteElementSpace *sigma_fes = new FiniteElementSpace(&mesh,sigma_fec, dim);
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// H^1/2 space for û
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FiniteElementCollection * hatu_fec = new H1_Trace_FECollection(order,dim);
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FiniteElementSpace *hatu_fes = new FiniteElementSpace(&mesh,hatu_fec);
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// H^-1/2 space for σ̂
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FiniteElementCollection * hatsigma_fec = new RT_Trace_FECollection(order-1,dim);
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FiniteElementSpace *hatsigma_fes = new FiniteElementSpace(&mesh,hatsigma_fec);
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// test space fe collections
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int test_order = order+delta_order;
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FiniteElementCollection * tau_fec = new RT_FECollection(test_order-1, dim);
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FiniteElementCollection * v_fec = new H1_FECollection(test_order, dim);
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Array<FiniteElementSpace * > trial_fes;
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Array<FiniteElementCollection * > test_fec;
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trial_fes.Append(u_fes);
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trial_fes.Append(sigma_fes);
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trial_fes.Append(hatu_fes);
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trial_fes.Append(hatsigma_fes);
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test_fec.Append(tau_fec);
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test_fec.Append(v_fec);
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// Required coefficients for the weak formulation
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ConstantCoefficient one(1.0);
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ConstantCoefficient negone(-1.0);
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FunctionCoefficient f(f_exact); // rhs for the manufactured solution problem
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// Required coefficients for the exact solution case
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FunctionCoefficient uex(exact_u);
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VectorFunctionCoefficient sigmaex(dim,exact_sigma);
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FunctionCoefficient hatuex(exact_hatu);
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// Define the DPG weak formulation
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DPGWeakForm * a = new DPGWeakForm(trial_fes,test_fec);
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// -(u,∇⋅τ)
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a->AddTrialIntegrator(new MixedScalarWeakGradientIntegrator(one),
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TrialSpace::u_space,TestSpace::tau_space);
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// -(σ,τ)
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a->AddTrialIntegrator(new TransposeIntegrator(new VectorFEMassIntegrator(
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negone)), TrialSpace::sigma_space, TestSpace::tau_space);
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// (σ,∇ v)
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a->AddTrialIntegrator(new TransposeIntegrator(new GradientIntegrator(one)),
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TrialSpace::sigma_space,TestSpace::v_space);
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// <û,τ⋅n>
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a->AddTrialIntegrator(new NormalTraceIntegrator,
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TrialSpace::hatu_space,TestSpace::tau_space);
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// -<σ̂,v> (sign is included in σ̂)
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a->AddTrialIntegrator(new TraceIntegrator,
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TrialSpace::hatsigma_space, TestSpace::v_space);
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// test integrators (space-induced norm for H(div) × H1)
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// (∇⋅τ,∇⋅δτ)
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a->AddTestIntegrator(new DivDivIntegrator(one),
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TestSpace::tau_space, TestSpace::tau_space);
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// (τ,δτ)
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a->AddTestIntegrator(new VectorFEMassIntegrator(one),
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TestSpace::tau_space, TestSpace::tau_space);
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// (∇v,∇δv)
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a->AddTestIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one),
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TestSpace::v_space, TestSpace::v_space);
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// (v,δv)
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a->AddTestIntegrator(new MassIntegrator(one),
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TestSpace::v_space, TestSpace::v_space);
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// RHS
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if (prob == prob_type::manufactured)
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{
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a->AddDomainLFIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(f),TestSpace::v_space);
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}
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else
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{
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a->AddDomainLFIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(one),TestSpace::v_space);
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}
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// GridFunction for Dirichlet bdr data
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GridFunction hatu_gf;
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// Visualization streams
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socketstream u_out;
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socketstream sigma_out;
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if (prob == prob_type::manufactured)
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{
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std::cout << "\n Ref |"
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<< " Dofs |"
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<< " L2 Error |"
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<< " Rate |"
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<< " PCG it |" << endl;
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std::cout << std::string(50,'-')
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<< endl;
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}
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fptype err0 = 0.;
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int dof0=0.;
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if (static_cond) { a->EnableStaticCondensation(); }
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for (int it = 0; it<=ref; it++)
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{
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a->Assemble();
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Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
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Array<int> ess_bdr;
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if (mesh.bdr_attributes.Size())
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{
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ess_bdr.SetSize(mesh.bdr_attributes.Max());
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ess_bdr = 1;
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hatu_fes->GetEssentialTrueDofs(ess_bdr, ess_tdof_list);
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}
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// shift the ess_tdofs
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for (int i = 0; i < ess_tdof_list.Size(); i++)
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{
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ess_tdof_list[i] += u_fes->GetTrueVSize() + sigma_fes->GetTrueVSize();
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}
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Array<int> offsets(5);
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offsets[0] = 0;
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offsets[1] = u_fes->GetVSize();
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offsets[2] = sigma_fes->GetVSize();
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offsets[3] = hatu_fes->GetVSize();
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offsets[4] = hatsigma_fes->GetVSize();
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offsets.PartialSum();
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BlockVector x(offsets);
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x = 0.0;
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if (prob == prob_type::manufactured)
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{
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hatu_gf.MakeRef(hatu_fes,x.GetBlock(2),0);
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hatu_gf.ProjectBdrCoefficient(hatuex,ess_bdr);
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}
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OperatorPtr Ah;
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Vector X,B;
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a->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list,x,Ah,X,B);
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BlockMatrix * A = Ah.As<BlockMatrix>();
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BlockDiagonalPreconditioner M(A->RowOffsets());
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M.owns_blocks = 1;
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for (int i=0; i<A->NumRowBlocks(); i++)
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{
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M.SetDiagonalBlock(i,new GSSmoother(A->GetBlock(i,i)));
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}
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CGSolver cg;
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cg.SetRelTol(1e-10);
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cg.SetMaxIter(2000);
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cg.SetPrintLevel(prob== prob_type::general ? 3 : 0);
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cg.SetPreconditioner(M);
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cg.SetOperator(*A);
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cg.Mult(B, X);
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a->RecoverFEMSolution(X,x);
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GridFunction u_gf, sigma_gf;
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u_gf.MakeRef(u_fes,x.GetBlock(0),0);
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sigma_gf.MakeRef(sigma_fes,x.GetBlock(1),0);
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if (prob == prob_type::manufactured)
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{
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int l2dofs = u_fes->GetVSize() + sigma_fes->GetVSize();
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fptype u_err = u_gf.ComputeL2Error(uex);
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fptype sigma_err = sigma_gf.ComputeL2Error(sigmaex);
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fptype L2Error = sqrt(u_err*u_err + sigma_err*sigma_err);
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fptype rate_err = (it) ? dim*log(err0/L2Error)/log((fptype)dof0/l2dofs) : 0.0;
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err0 = L2Error;
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dof0 = l2dofs;
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std::ios oldState(nullptr);
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oldState.copyfmt(std::cout);
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std::cout << std::right << std::setw(5) << it << " | "
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<< std::setw(10) << dof0 << " | "
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<< std::setprecision(3)
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<< std::setw(10) << std::scientific << err0 << " | "
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<< std::setprecision(2)
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<< std::setw(6) << std::fixed << rate_err << " | "
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<< std::setw(6) << std::fixed << cg.GetNumIterations() << " | "
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<< std::endl;
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std::cout.copyfmt(oldState);
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}
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if (visualization)
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{
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const char * keys = (it == 0 && dim == 2) ? "jRcm\n" : nullptr;
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char vishost[] = "localhost";
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int visport = 19916;
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VisualizeField(u_out,vishost, visport, u_gf,
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"Numerical u", 0,0, 500, 500, keys);
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VisualizeField(sigma_out,vishost, visport, sigma_gf,
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"Numerical flux", 500,0,500, 500, keys);
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}
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if (it == ref) { break; }
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mesh.UniformRefinement();
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for (int i =0; i<trial_fes.Size(); i++)
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{
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trial_fes[i]->Update(false);
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}
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a->Update();
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}
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delete a;
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delete tau_fec;
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delete v_fec;
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delete hatsigma_fes;
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delete hatsigma_fec;
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delete hatu_fes;
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delete hatu_fec;
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delete sigma_fec;
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delete sigma_fes;
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delete u_fec;
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delete u_fes;
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return 0;
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}
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fptype exact_u(const Vector & X)
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{
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fptype alpha = M_PI * (X.Sum());
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return sin(alpha);
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}
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void exact_gradu(const Vector & X, Vector & du)
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{
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du.SetSize(X.Size());
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fptype alpha = M_PI * (X.Sum());
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du.SetSize(X.Size());
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for (int i = 0; i<du.Size(); i++)
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{
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du[i] = M_PI * cos(alpha);
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}
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}
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fptype exact_laplacian_u(const Vector & X)
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{
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fptype alpha = M_PI * (X.Sum());
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fptype u = sin(alpha);
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return - M_PI*M_PI * u * X.Size();
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}
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void exact_sigma(const Vector & X, Vector & sigma)
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{
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// σ = ∇ u
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exact_gradu(X,sigma);
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}
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fptype exact_hatu(const Vector & X)
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{
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return exact_u(X);
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}
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void exact_hatsigma(const Vector & X, Vector & hatsigma)
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{
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exact_sigma(X,hatsigma);
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hatsigma *= -1.;
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}
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fptype f_exact(const Vector & X)
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{
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return -exact_laplacian_u(X);
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}
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