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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8"/>
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<title>libigl</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Alec Jacobson and Daniele Panozzo and others"/>
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<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../tutorial/style.css"/>
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<script type='text/javascript' src='http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML'></script> <link rel='stylesheet' href='http://yandex.st/highlightjs/7.3/styles/default.min.css'> <script src='http://yandex.st/highlightjs/7.3/highlight.min.js'></script> <script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 id="compilinglibiglasastaticlibrary">Compiling libigl as a static library</h1>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Warning: compiling libigl as a static library is considerably more difficult
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than using it as a header-only library (see <a href="../">../README.md</a> instead). Do
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it only if you are experienced with C++, cmake and make, and you want to
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improve your compilation times.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Libigl is developed most often on Mac OS X, though has current users in Linux
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and Windows.</p>
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<h3 id="linuxmacosxcygwin">Linux/Mac OS X/Cygwin </h3>
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<p>Libigl may also be compiled to a static library. This is advantageous when
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building a project with libigl, since when used as an header-only library can
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slow down compile times.</p>
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<p>To build the entire libigl library producing at least <code>libigl/lib/libigl.a</code> and
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possible other (automatically detected) extras, e.g. <code>libigl/lib/libiglcgal.a</code>
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from <em>this current directory</em>: issue:</p>
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<pre><code>mkdir -p ../lib
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cd ../lib
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cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ../optional
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make
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</code></pre>
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<h4 id="warnings">Warnings </h4>
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<p>You should expect to see a few linker warnings of the form:</p>
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<pre><code>/opt/local/bin/ranlib: file: libigl.a(*.cpp.o) has no symbols
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</code></pre>
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<p>These are (admittedly unpopular) functions that have never been used by us
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statically so we haven’t explicit instantiations (yet).</p>
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<h4 id="external">External </h4>
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<p>Finally there are a number of external libraries that we include in
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<code>./external/</code> because they are either difficult to obtain or they have been
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patched for easier use with libigl. Please see the respective readmes in those
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directories or build the tutorial using cmake, which will recursively build all
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dependencies.</p>
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<h5 id="installingembree2.0">Installing Embree 2.0 </h5>
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<p>To build the embree library and executables on Mac OS X issue:</p>
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<pre><code>cd external/embree
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mkdir build
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cd build
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cmake ..
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# Or using a different compiler
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#cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/opt/local/bin/gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/opt/local/bin/g++
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make
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# Could also install embree to your root, but libigl examples don't expect
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# this
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#sudo make install
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="extras">Extras </h2>
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<h3 id="bbw">bbw </h3>
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<p>This library extra contains functions for computing Bounded Biharmonic Weights, can
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be used with and without the <a href="#mosek">mosek</a> extra via the <code>IGL_NO_MOSEK</code>
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macro.</p>
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<h3 id="boolean">boolean </h3>
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<p>This library extra contains functions for computing mesh-mesh booleans,
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depending on CGAL and optionally Cork.</p>
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<h3 id="cgal">cgal </h3>
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<p>This library extra utilizes CGAL’s efficient and exact intersection and
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proximity queries.</p>
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<h3 id="embree">embree </h3>
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<p>This library extra utilizes embree’s efficient ray tracing queries.</p>
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<h3 id="matlab">matlab </h3>
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<p>This library extra provides support for reading and writing <code>.mat</code> workspace
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files, interfacing with Matlab at run time and compiling mex functions.</p>
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<h3 id="mosek">mosek </h3>
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<p>This library extra utilizes mosek’s efficient interior-point solver for
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quadratic programs.</p>
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<h3 id="png">png </h3>
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<p>This library extra uses <code>libpng</code> and <code>YImage</code> to read and write <code>.png</code> files.</p>
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<h3 id="tetgen">tetgen </h3>
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<p>This library extra provides a simplified wrapper to the tetgen 3d tetrahedral
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meshing library.</p>
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<h3 id="triangle">Triangle </h3>
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<p>This library extra provides a simplified wrapper to the triangle 2d triangle
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meshing library.</p>
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<h3 id="viewer">viewer </h3>
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<p>This library extra utilizes glfw and glew to open an opengl context and launch
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a simple mesh viewer.</p>
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<h3 id="xml">xml </h3>
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<p>This library extra utilizes tinyxml2 to read and write serialized classes
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containing Eigen matrices and other standard simple data-structures.</p>
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<h2 id="development">Development </h2>
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<p>Further documentation for developers is listed in
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<a href="../style_guidelines.html">style_guidelines.html</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="license">License </h2>
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<p>See <code>LICENSE.txt</code></p>
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<h2 id="zipping">Zipping </h2>
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<p>Zip this directory without .git litter and binaries using:</p>
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<pre><code>git archive -prefix=libigl/ -o libigl.zip master
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="explicitinstantiationsoftemplatedfunctions">Explicit instantiations of templated functions</h2>
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<p>Special care must be taken by the developers of each function and
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class in the libigl library that uses C++ templates. If this function
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is intended to be compiled into the statically linked libigl library
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then function is only compiled for each <i>explicitly</i> instantiated
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declaration. These should be added at the bottom of the corresponding
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.cpp file surrounded by a</p>
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<pre><code>#ifdef IGL_STATIC_LIBRARY
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</code></pre>
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<p>Of course, a developer may not know ahead of time which
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instantiations should be explicitly included in the igl static lib.
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One way to find out is to add one explicit instantiation for each
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call in one’s own project. This only ever needs to be done once for
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each template.</p>
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<p>The process is somewhat mechanical using a linker with reasonable error
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output.</p>
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<p>Supposed for example we have compiled the igl static lib, including the
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cat.h and cat.cpp functions, without any explicit instantiation. Say
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using the makefile in the <code>libigl</code> directory:</p>
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<pre><code>cd $LIBIGL
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make
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</code></pre>
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<p>Now if we try to compile a project and link against it we may get
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an error like:</p>
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<pre><code>Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
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"Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> igl::cat<Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >(int, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&)", referenced from:
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uniform_sample(Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, int, double, Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1>&)in Skinning.o
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"Eigen::SparseMatrix<double, 0, int> igl::cat<Eigen::SparseMatrix<double, 0, int> >(int, Eigen::SparseMatrix<double, 0, int> const&, Eigen::SparseMatrix<double, 0, int> const&)", referenced from:
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covariance_scatter_matrix(Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, ArapEnergy, Eigen::SparseMatrix<double, 0, int>&)in arap_dof.o
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arap_rhs(Eigen::Matrix<double, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, ArapEnergy, Eigen::SparseMatrix<double, 0, int>&)in arap_dof.o
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</code></pre>
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<p>This looks like a mess, but luckily we don’t really need to read it
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all. Just copy the first part in quotes</p>
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<pre><code>Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> igl::cat<Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >(int, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&)
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</code></pre>
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<p>, then append it
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to the list of explicit template instantiations at the end of
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<code>cat.cpp</code> after the word
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<strong>template</strong> and followed by a semi-colon.
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Like this:</p>
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<pre><code>#ifdef IGL_STATIC_LIBRARY
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// Explicit template instantiation
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template Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> igl::cat<Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> >(int, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&, Eigen::Matrix<int, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1> const&);
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#endif
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</code></pre>
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<p>Then you must recompile the IGL static library.</p>
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<pre><code>cd $LIBIGL
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make
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</code></pre>
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<p>And try to compile your project again, potentially repeating this
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process until no more symbols are undefined.</p>
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<p><code>It may be useful to check that you code compiles with
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no errors first using the headers-only version to be sure that all errors are from missing template
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instantiations.</code></p>
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<p>If you’re using make then the following command will
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reveal each missing symbol on its own line:</p>
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<pre><code>make 2>&1 | grep "referenced from" | sed -e "s/, referenced from.*//"
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</code></pre>
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<p>Alternatively you can use the <code>autoexplicit.sh</code> function
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which (for well organized .h/.cpp pairs in libigl) automatically
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create explicit instantiations from your compiler’s error messages.
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Repeat this process until convergence:</p>
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<pre><code>cd /to/your/project
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make 2>$LIBIGL/make.err
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cd $LIBIGL
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cat make.err | ./autoexplicit.sh
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make clean
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make
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="benefitsofstaticlibrary">Benefits of static library</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Faster compile time</strong>: Because the libigl library
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is already compiled, only the new code in ones project must be
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compiled and then linked to IGL. This means compile times are
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generally faster.</li>
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<li><strong>Debug or optimized</strong>: The IGL static
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library may be compiled in debug mode or optimized release mode
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regardless of whether one’s project is being optimized or
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debugged.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="drawbacksofstaticlibrary">Drawbacks of static library</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Hard to use templates</strong>: Special
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care</a> (by the developers of the library) needs to be taken when
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exposing templated functions.</li>
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</ul>
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<h1 id="compressed.h.cpppair">Compressed .h/.cpp pair</h1>
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<p>Calling the script:</p>
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<pre><code>scripts/compress.sh igl.h igl.cpp
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</code></pre>
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<p>will create a single header <code>igl.h</code> and a single cpp file <code>igl.cpp</code>.</p>
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<p>Alternatively, you can also compress everything into a single header file:</p>
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<pre><code>scripts/compress.sh igl.h
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="benefitsofcompressed.h.cpppair">Benefits of compressed .h/.cpp pair</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Easy incorporation</strong>: This can be easily incorporated
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into external projects.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="drawbacksofcompressed.h.cpppair">Drawbacks of compressed .h/.cpp pair</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><p><strong>Hard to debug/edit</strong>: The compressed files are
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automatically generated. They’re huge and should not be edited. Thus
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debugging and editing are near impossible.</p></li>
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<li><p><strong>Compounded dependencies</strong>:
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An immediate disadvantage of this
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seems to be that even to use a single function (e.g.
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<code>cotmatrix</code>), compiling and linking against
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<code>igl.cpp</code> will require linking to all of <code>libigl</code>’s
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dependencies (<code>OpenGL</code>, <code>GLUT</code>,
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<code>AntTweakBar</code>, <code>BLAS</code>). However, because all
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dependencies other than Eigen should be encapsulated between
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<code>#ifndef</code> guards (e.g. <code>#ifndef IGL_NO_OPENGL</code>, it
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is possible to ignore certain functions that have such dependencies.</p></li>
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<li><p><strong>Long compile</strong>:
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Compiling <code>igl.cpp</code> takes a long time and isn’t easily parallelized (no <code>make
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-j12</code> equivalent).</p></li>
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</ul>
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<p>Here’s a tiny test example using <code>igl.h</code> and <code>igl.cpp</code>. Save the following in <code>test.cpp</code>:</p>
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<pre><code>#include <igl.h>
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#include <Eigen/Core>
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int main(int argc, char * argv[])
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{
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Eigen::MatrixXd V;
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Eigen::MatrixXi F;
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return (argc>=2 && igl::read_triangle_mesh(argv[1],V,F)?0:1);
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>Then compile <code>igl.cpp</code> with:</p>
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<pre><code>g++ -o igl.o -c igl.cpp -I/opt/local/include/eigen3 -DIGL_NO_OPENGL -DIGL_NO_ANTTWEAKBAR
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</code></pre>
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<p>Notice that we’re using <code>-DIGL_NO_OPENGL -DIGL_NO_ANTTWEAKBAR</code> to disable any libigl dependencies on OpenGL and AntTweakBar.</p>
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<p>Now compile <code>test.cpp</code> with:</p>
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<pre><code>g++ -g -I/opt/local/include/eigen3/ -I/usr/local/igl/libigl/ -L/usr/local/igl/libigl/ -ligl -DIGL_NO_OPENGL -DIGL_NO_ANTTWEAKBAR -o test
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</code></pre>
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<p>Try running it with:</p>
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<pre><code>./test path/to/mesh.obj
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</code></pre>
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<p>The following bash one-liner will find all source files that contain the string <code>OpenGL</code> but don’t contain and <code>IGL_NO_OPENGL</code> guard:</p>
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<pre><code>grep OpenGL `grep -L IGL_NO_OPENGL include/igl/*`
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="optional">Optional </h3>
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<ul>
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<li>OpenGL (disable with <code>IGL_NO_OPENGL</code>)
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<ul>
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<li>OpenGL >= 4 (enable with <code>IGL_OPENGL_4</code>)</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>AntTweakBar (disable with <code>IGL_NO_ANTTWEAKBAR</code>) Last tested 1.16 (see
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<code>libigl/external/AntTweakBar</code>)</li>
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<li>GLEW Windows and Linux</li>
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<li>OpenMP</li>
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<li>libpng libiglpng extra only</li>
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<li>Mosek libiglmosek extra only</li>
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<li>Matlab libiglmatlab extra only</li>
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<li>boost libiglboost, libiglcgal extra only</li>
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<li>SSE/AVX libiglsvd3x3 extra only</li>
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<li>CGAL libiglcgal extra only
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<ul>
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<li>boost</li>
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<li>gmp</li>
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<li>mpfr</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>CoMiSo libcomiso extra only</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="optionalincludedinexternal">Optional (included in external/) </h3>
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<ul>
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<li>TetGen libigltetgen extra only</li>
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<li>Embree libiglembree extra only</li>
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<li>tinyxml2 libiglxml extra only</li>
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<li>glfw libviewer extra only</li>
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<li>LIM liblim extra only</li>
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</ul>
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</body>
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</html>
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Teseo Schneider
