make style

Adding Mesh::ExtractSurfaceMesh
revert pmesh.hpp to master
2021-06-28 19:15:44 -07:00 · 2021-06-28 19:11:01 -07:00 · 2021-06-28 14:44:30 -07:00 · 2021-06-28 14:42:24 -07:00 · 2021-06-28 14:35:14 -07:00 · 2021-06-26 14:31:50 -07:00
186 changed files with 3558 additions and 8830 deletions
@@ -47,36 +47,26 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-18.04, macos-10.15]
-        target: [dbg, opt]
-        mpi: [seq, par]
+        target: [debug, optim]
+        mpi: [sequential, parallel]
        build-system: [make]
-        hypre-target: [int32]
-        # 'include' allows us to:
-        # - Add a variable to all jobs without creating a new matrix dimension.
-        #   Codecov is defined that way.
-        # - Add a new combination.
-        #   'build-system: cmake' and 'hypre-target: int64'
+        # 'include' allows us to
+        # - add a variable without creating a new matrix dimension.
+        # - add a new combination ('build-system: cmake' case here)
        #
        # note: we will gather coverage info for any non-debug run except the
        # CMake build.
        include:
-          - target: dbg
+          - target: debug
            codecov: NO
-          - target: opt
+          - target: optim
            codecov: YES
          - os: ubuntu-18.04
-            target: opt
+            target: optim
            codecov: NO
-            mpi: par
+            mpi: parallel
            build-system: cmake
-            hypre-target: int32
-          - os: ubuntu-18.04
-            target: opt
-            codecov: NO
-            mpi: par
-            build-system: make
-            hypre-target: int64
-    name: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.build-system }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ matrix.mpi }}-${{ matrix.hypre-target }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ matrix.mpi }}-${{ matrix.build-system }}

    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}

@@ -102,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
    # TODO: It would be nice to have only one step, e.g. with a dedicated
    # action, but I (@adrienbernede) don't see how at the moment.
    - name: get MPI (Linux)
-      if: matrix.mpi == 'par' && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-18.04'
+      if: matrix.mpi == 'parallel' && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-18.04'
      run: |
        sudo apt-get install mpich libmpich-dev
        export MAKE_CXX_FLAG="MPICXX=mpic++"
@@ -113,11 +103,11 @@ jobs:
        sudo apt-get install lcov

    - name: Set up Homebrew
-      if: ( matrix.mpi == 'par' || matrix.codecov == 'YES' ) && matrix.os == 'macos-10.15'
+      if: ( matrix.mpi == 'parallel' || matrix.codecov == 'YES' ) && matrix.os == 'macos-10.15'
      uses: Homebrew/actions/setup-homebrew@c4aafe8c4620bf08883dd4679c374f11e73329d3

    - name: get MPI (MacOS)
-      if: matrix.mpi == 'par' && matrix.os == 'macos-10.15'
+      if: matrix.mpi == 'parallel' && matrix.os == 'macos-10.15'
      run: |
        export HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP=1
        brew install openmpi
@@ -133,40 +123,39 @@ jobs:
    # Install will only run on cache miss.
    - name: cache hypre
      id: hypre-cache
-      if: matrix.mpi == 'par'
+      if: matrix.mpi == 'parallel'
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
        path: ${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}-${{ matrix.hypre-target }}-v2.0
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}-v2

    - name: get hypre
-      if: matrix.mpi == 'par' && steps.hypre-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-hypre@v2.0
+      if: matrix.mpi == 'parallel' && steps.hypre-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-hypre@v1.0
      with:
-        archive: ${{ env.HYPRE_ARCHIVE }}
-        dir: ${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}
-        target: ${{ matrix.hypre-target }}
+        hypre-archive: ${{ env.HYPRE_ARCHIVE }}
+        hypre-dir: ${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}

    # Get Metis through cache, or build it.
    # Install will only run on cache miss.
    - name: cache metis
      id: metis-cache
-      if: matrix.mpi == 'par'
+      if: matrix.mpi == 'parallel'
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
        path: ${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}-v2.0
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}-v2

    - name: install metis
-      if: matrix.mpi == 'par' && steps.metis-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-metis@v2.0
+      if: matrix.mpi == 'parallel' && steps.metis-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-metis@v1.0
      with:
-        archive: ${{ env.METIS_ARCHIVE }}
-        dir: ${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}
+        metis-archive: ${{ env.METIS_ARCHIVE }}
+        metis-dir: ${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}

    # MFEM build and test
    - name: build
-      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-mfem@v2.0
+      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-mfem@v1.0
      with:
        os: ${{ matrix.os }}
        target: ${{ matrix.target }}
@@ -179,17 +168,17 @@ jobs:

    # Run checks (and only checks) on debug targets
    - name: checks
-      if: matrix.build-system == 'make' && matrix.target == 'dbg'
+      if: matrix.build-system == 'make' && matrix.target == 'debug'
      run: |
        cd ${{ env.MFEM_TOP_DIR }}  && make check

    - name: unit tests
-      if: matrix.build-system == 'make' && matrix.target == 'opt'
+      if: matrix.build-system == 'make' && matrix.target == 'optim'
      run: |
        cd ${{ env.MFEM_TOP_DIR }} && make unittest

    - name: tests
-      if: matrix.build-system == 'make' && matrix.target == 'opt'
+      if: matrix.build-system == 'make' && matrix.target == 'optim'
      run: |
        cd ${{ env.MFEM_TOP_DIR }} && make test

@@ -201,8 +190,8 @@ jobs:
    # Code coverage (process and upload reports)
    - name: codecov
      if: matrix.codecov == 'YES'
-      uses: mfem/github-actions/upload-coverage@v2.0
+      uses: mfem/github-actions/upload-coverage@v1.0
      with:
-        name: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.build-system }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ matrix.mpi }}-${{ matrix.hypre-target }}
+        name: ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.mpi }}
        project_dir: ${{ env.MFEM_TOP_DIR }}
        directories: "fem general linalg mesh"
@@ -53,33 +53,32 @@ jobs:
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
        path: ${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}-v2.0
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}-v2

    - name: Get Hypre
      if: steps.hypre-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-hypre@v2.0
+      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-hypre@master
      with:
-        archive: ${{ env.HYPRE_ARCHIVE }}
-        dir: ${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}
-        target: int32
+        hypre-archive: ${{ env.HYPRE_ARCHIVE }}
+        hypre-dir: ${{ env.HYPRE_TOP_DIR }}

    - name: Cache Metis Install
      id: metis-cache
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
        path: ${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}-v2.0
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}-v2

    - name: Install Metis
      if: steps.metis-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-metis@v2.0
+      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-metis@master
      with:
-        archive: ${{ env.METIS_ARCHIVE }}
-        dir: ${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}
+        metis-archive: ${{ env.METIS_ARCHIVE }}
+        metis-dir: ${{ env.METIS_TOP_DIR }}

    # MFEM build and test
    - name: build-mfem
-      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-mfem@v2.0
+      uses: mfem/github-actions/build-mfem@master
      with:
        os: ${{ runner.os }}
        target: optim
@@ -28,24 +28,49 @@ jobs:
        access_token: ${{ github.token }}
    - name: checkout mfem
      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        path: mfem

    - name: copyright check
      id: copyright
      run: |
-        ./config/githooks/pre-push --copyright
-
+        cd mfem
+        if git grep -l "^\(#\|//\).*\(\-2020\|\ 2010,\)" > matches.txt
+        then
+          echo "Please update the following files to Copyright (c) 2010-2021:"
+          cat matches.txt
+          exit 1
+        else
+          echo "No outdated copyright found."
+        fi
      continue-on-error: true

    - name: license check
      id: license
      run: |
-        ./config/githooks/pre-push --license
+        cd mfem
+        if git grep -li "^\(#\|//\).*GNU\ Lesser\ General\ Public\ License" > matches.txt
+        then
+          echo "Please update the following files to the BSD-3 license:"
+          cat matches.txt
+          exit 1
+        else
+          echo "No GNU GPL license found."
+        fi
      continue-on-error: true

    - name: release check
      id: release
      run: |
-        ./config/githooks/pre-push --release
+        cd mfem
+        if git grep -l "^\(#\|//\).*LLNL\-CODE\-443211" > matches.txt
+        then
+          echo "Please update the following files to LLNL-CODE-806117:"
+          cat matches.txt
+          exit 1
+        else
+          echo "No outdated release number found."
+        fi
      continue-on-error: true

    - name: wrap-up
@@ -75,7 +100,8 @@ jobs:

    - name: style check
      run: |
-        ./config/githooks/pre-push --style
+        cd tests/scripts
+        ./runtest code-style

  documentation:
    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
@@ -107,4 +133,5 @@ jobs:
      run: |
        git fetch origin master:master
        git checkout -b gh-actions-branch-history
-        ./config/githooks/pre-push --history
+        cd tests/scripts
+        ./runtest branch-history
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ CMakeFiles/
 config/_config.hpp
 config/config.mk
 config/sample-runs-build.log
-config/user.mk
 doc/CodeDocumentation.conf
 doc/CodeDocumentation.html
 doc/CodeDocumentation
@@ -252,7 +251,6 @@ miniapps/shifted/ParaViewDistance
 miniapps/shifted/diffusion
 miniapps/shifted/diffusion.mesh
 miniapps/shifted/diffusion.gf
-miniapps/shifted/ParaViewDiffusion

 miniapps/tools/display-basis
 miniapps/tools/load-dc
@@ -297,7 +295,6 @@ tests/unit/psedov_tests_*
 tests/unit/tmop_pa_tests_*
 tests/unit/ptmop_pa_tests_*
 tests/unit/ceed_tests
-tests/unit/debug_device_tests

 # Test script output
 tests/scripts/*.err
@@ -48,58 +48,39 @@ variables:
  TPLS_REPO: ssh://git@mybitbucket.llnl.gov:7999/mfem/tpls.git
  TESTS_REPO: ssh://git@mybitbucket.llnl.gov:7999/mfem/tests.git
  AUTOTEST_REPO: ssh://git@mybitbucket.llnl.gov:7999/mfem/autotest.git
-  MFEM_DATA_REPO: https://github.com/mfem/data.git
  ARTIFACTS_DIR: artifacts

-# The pipeline is divided into stages. Usually, jobs in a given stage wait for
-# the preceding stages to complete before to start. However, we sometimes use
-# the "needs" keyword and express the DAG of jobs for more efficiency.
-# - We use setup and setup_baseline phases to download content outside of mfem
-#   directory.
+# The pipeline is divided into stages. Usually, these are also synchronization
+# points, however, we use "needs" keyword to express the DAG of jobs for more
+# efficiency.
+# - We use setup phase to download content outside of mfem directory.
 # - Allocate/Release is where quartz resources are allocated/released once for all.
 # - Build and Test is where we build and MFEM for multiple toolchains.
 # - Baseline_checks gathers baseline-type test suites execution
 # - Baseline_publish, only available on master, allows to update baseline
 #   results
 stages:
-  - setup
  - q_allocate_resources
  - q_build_and_test
  - q_release_resources
  - l_build_and_test
  - c_build_and_test
-  - setup_baseline
+  - setup
  - baseline_check
  - baseline_to_autotest
  - baseline_publish

-# setup clones the mfem/data repo in ${BUILD_ROOT}. The build_and_test script
-# then symlinks the repo to the parent directory of the MFEM source directory.
-# Unit tests that depend on the mfem/data repo will then detect that this
-# directory is present and be enabled.
+# The setup job in setup stage don't rely on MFEM git repo. It prepares a
+# pipeline-wide working directory downloading/updating external repos.
+# TODO: updating tests and tpls is not necessary anymore since pipelines are
+# now using unique directories so repo are never shared with another pipeline.
+# This is not memory efficient (we keep a lot of data), hence this reminder.
+# Setup
 setup:
  tags:
    - shell
    - quartz
  stage: setup
-  variables:
-    GIT_STRATEGY: none
-  script:
-    - mkdir -p ${BUILD_ROOT} && cd ${BUILD_ROOT}
-    - if [ ! -d data ]; then git clone ${MFEM_DATA_REPO}; fi
-
-# The setup_baseline job in setup stage_baseline doesn't rely on MFEM git repo.
-# It prepares a pipeline-wide working directory downloading/updating external
-# repos. TODO: updating tests and tpls is not necessary anymore since pipelines
-# are now using unique directories so repo are never shared with another
-# pipeline. This is not memory efficient (we keep a lot of data), hence this
-# reminder.
-# Note: This job can start immediately.
-setup_baseline:
-  tags:
-    - shell
-    - quartz
-  stage: setup_baseline
  variables:
    GIT_STRATEGY: none
  script:
@@ -125,10 +106,10 @@ setup_baseline:
  script:
    - srun -p mi60 -t 15 -N 1 tests/gitlab/build_and_test

-# Lassen uses a different job scheduler (spectrum lsf) that does not allow
-# pre-allocation the same way slurm does.  We use pdebug queue on lassen to
-# speed-up the allocation.  However this would not be scalable to multiple
-# builds.
+# Lassen uses a different job scheduler (spectrum lsf) that does not
+# allow pre-allocation the same way slurm does.
+# We use pdebug queue on lassen to speed-up the allocation.
+# However this would not be scalable to multiple builds.
 .build_blueos_3_ppc64le_ib_script:
  script:
    - lalloc 1 -W 30 -q pdebug tests/gitlab/build_and_test
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@

 # Spack helped builds
 # Generic lassen build job, extending build script
-# Note: Lassen jobs can start as soon as the setup job is complete.
 .build_and_test_on_lassen:
  extends: [.build_blueos_3_ppc64le_ib_script, .on_lassen]
  stage: l_build_and_test
-  needs: [setup]
+  needs: []

 opt_mpi_cuda_xl_16_1_1_8:
  variables:
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
    - shell
    - quartz
  rules:
-    # Don't run quartz jobs if...
+    # Don’t run quartz jobs if...
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH =~ /_qnone/ || $ON_QUARTZ == "OFF"'
      when: never
-    # Don't run autotest update if...
+    # Don’t run autotest update if...
    - if: '$CI_JOB_NAME =~ /update_autotest/ && $AUTOTEST != "YES"'
      when: never
-    # Don't run autotest update if...
+    # Don’t run autotest update if...
    - if: '$CI_JOB_NAME =~ /q_report/ && $AUTOTEST != "YES"'
      when: never
    # Report success on success status
@@ -37,18 +37,6 @@
    # Default is to run if previous stage succeeded
    - when: on_success

-# This is a yaml anchor, it can be used to avoid duplication like here.
-# The code below will simply be pasted wherever the anchor is placed.
-.safe_create_rundir: &safe_create_rundir |
-  if ! mkdir ${rundir}; then
-    n=1
-    while ! mkdir ${rundir}_${n}
-    do
-      n=$((n+1))
-    done
-    rundir=${rundir}_${n}
-  fi
-
 # Allocate
 q_allocate_resources:
  variables:
@@ -77,11 +65,10 @@ q_report_success:
  stage: q_release_resources
  script:
    - echo "Can only run if all the quartz jobs passed"
-    - cd ${AUTOTEST_ROOT}/autotest && git pull
    - rundir="gitlab/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)-github-${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}"
-    - *safe_create_rundir
+    - cd ${AUTOTEST_ROOT}/autotest && git pull
+    - mkdir -p ${rundir}
    - echo "The Quartz jobs were successful" > ${rundir}/gitlab.out
-    - echo "See the pipeline here -> $CI_PIPELINE_URL" >> ${rundir}/gitlab.err
    - git add ${rundir}
    - git commit -am "Gitlab CI log for baseline on quartz with intel ($(date +%Y-%m-%d))"
    - git push origin master
@@ -93,11 +80,10 @@ q_report_failure:
  stage: q_release_resources
  script:
    - echo "Runs if there was at least one failure on quartz"
-    - cd ${AUTOTEST_ROOT}/autotest && git pull
    - rundir="gitlab/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)-github-${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}"
-    - *safe_create_rundir
+    - cd ${AUTOTEST_ROOT}/autotest && git pull
+    - mkdir -p ${rundir}
    - echo "There was an error while running CI on Quartz" > ${rundir}/gitlab.err
-    - echo "See the pipeline here -> $CI_PIPELINE_URL" >> ${rundir}/gitlab.err
    - cp ${rundir}/gitlab.err ${rundir}/autotest-email.html
    - git add ${rundir}
    - git commit -am "Gitlab CI log for baseline on quartz with intel ($(date +%Y-%m-%d))"
@@ -150,29 +136,24 @@ opt_par_gcc_6_1_0_pumi:
    SPEC: "%gcc@6.1.0 +pumi"
  extends: .build_and_test_on_quartz

-# Baseline jobs form an independent set of jobs. We use `needs:[]` to specify
-# that "setup-baseline" can start immediately. Then, we have to use needs for
-# each one of the baseline jobs, otherwise they will wait for the rest of the
-# pipeline.
-
+# Baseline
 baselinecheck_mfem_intel_quartz:
  extends: [.baselinecheck_mfem, .on_quartz]
-  needs: [setup_baseline]
+  needs: [setup]

 update_autotest:
  extends: [.on_quartz]
  needs: [baselinecheck_mfem_intel_quartz]
  stage: baseline_to_autotest
  script:
-    - cd ${AUTOTEST_ROOT}/autotest && git pull
    - rundir="quartz/$(date +%Y-%m-%d)-github-${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}"
-    - *safe_create_rundir
+    - cd ${AUTOTEST_ROOT}/autotest && git pull
+    - mkdir -p ${rundir}
    - cp ${CI_PROJECT_DIR}/${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/* ${rundir}
    # We create an autotest-email.html file, because that's how we signal that there was a diff (temporary).
    - |
      if [[ -f ${rundir}/*.err ]]
      then
-        echo "See the pipeline here -> $CI_PIPELINE_URL" >> ${rundir}/*.err
        cp ${rundir}/*.err ${rundir}/autotest-email.html
      fi
    - git add ${rundir}
@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2021, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
+# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
+# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
+#
+# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
+# availability visit https://mfem.org.
+#
+# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
+# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
+
+language: cpp
+
+os: linux
+dist: bionic
+
+stages:
+  - checks
+  - tests
+  - optional
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - HYPRE_ARCHIVE=v2.19.0.tar.gz
+      HYPRE_URL=https://github.com/hypre-space/hypre/archive/$HYPRE_ARCHIVE
+      HYPRE_TOP_DIR=hypre-2.19.0
+
+jobs:
+  include:
+
+    # ========================
+    #         Checks
+    # ========================
+    # - code-style
+    # - documentation
+    # - gitignore
+
+    - stage: checks
+      os: linux
+      dist: xenial
+      name: "code-style"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - astyle=2.05.1-0ubuntu1
+      script:
+        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}
+        - cd tests/scripts
+        - ./runtest code-style
+
+    - stage: checks
+      os: linux
+      name: "documentation"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - doxygen
+            - graphviz
+      script:
+        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}
+        - cd tests/scripts
+        - ./runtest documentation
+
+    - stage: checks
+      os: linux
+      name: "gitignore"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - mpich
+            - libmpich-dev
+      env: MPI=YES
+      before_script:
+        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}
+        - mpicxx -v
+        - make config MFEM_USE_MPI=YES MFEM_MPI_NP=2
+        - make all -j3
+        - make test-noclean
+      script:
+        - cd tests/scripts
+        - ./runtest gitignore
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+        directories:
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
+      before_cache:
+        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
+          mv libmetis.a Lib ..; rm -rf * ; mv ../libmetis.a ../Lib .;
+          rm -f Lib/*.{c,o}
+
+    # ========================
+    #  Optional Checks/Tests
+    # ========================
+    # - branch-history
+
+    - stage: optional
+      name: "branch-history"
+      if: branch != next
+      # need full git history for the binary/big files check
+      git:
+        depth: false
+      script:
+        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}
+        # update master
+        - git fetch origin master:master
+        # checkout a branch (otherwise Travis works in detached head)
+        - git checkout -b travis_tests
+        - cd tests/scripts
+        - ./runtest branch-history
+
+    # ========================
+    #       Linux tests
+    # ========================
+    # - serial + debug
+    # - serial
+    # - parallel + debug
+    # - parallel
+
+    - stage: tests
+      os: linux
+      compiler: gcc
+      name: "Linux: Serial + Debug"
+      env: DEBUG=YES
+           MPI=NO
+           CODECOV=NO
+           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=check
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+
+    - os: linux
+      compiler: gcc
+      name: "Linux: Serial"
+      env: DEBUG=NO
+           MPI=NO
+           CODECOV=NO
+           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=test
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+
+    - os: linux
+      compiler: gcc
+      name: "Linux: Parallel + Debug"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          # sources:
+            # - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+          packages:
+            # GCC 4.9
+            # - g++-4.9
+            # MPICH
+            - mpich
+            - libmpich-dev
+            # OpenMPI
+            # - openmpi-bin
+            # - libopenmpi-dev
+      env: DEBUG=YES
+           MPI=YES
+           CODECOV=NO
+           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=check
+           NPROCS=2
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+        directories:
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
+      before_cache:
+        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
+          mv libmetis.a Lib ..; rm -rf * ; mv ../libmetis.a ../Lib .;
+          rm -f Lib/*.{c,o}
+
+    - os: linux
+      compiler: gcc
+      name: "Linux: Parallel"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          # sources:
+            # - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+          packages:
+            # GCC 4.9
+            # - g++-4.9
+            # MPICH
+            - mpich
+            - libmpich-dev
+            # OpenMPI
+            # - openmpi-bin
+            # - libopenmpi-dev
+      env: DEBUG=NO
+           MPI=YES
+           CODECOV=YES
+           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=test
+           NPROCS=2
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+        directories:
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
+      before_cache:
+        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
+          mv libmetis.a Lib ..; rm -rf * ; mv ../libmetis.a ../Lib .;
+          rm -f Lib/*.{c,o}
+
+    - os: linux
+      compiler: gcc
+      name: "Linux: Parallel (cmake)"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - mpich
+            - libmpich-dev
+      env: MPI=YES
+           NPROCS=2
+      script:
+        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}
+        - mkdir ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/build
+        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/build
+        - cmake ..
+             -DMFEM_USE_MPI=ON
+             -DHYPRE_DIR=${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
+             -DMFEM_MPI_NP=$NPROCS
+        - make -j3 mfem examples
+        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/build/tests/unit
+        - make -j3
+        - ctest --output-on-failure
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+        directories:
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
+      before_cache:
+        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
+          mv libmetis.a Lib ..; rm -rf * ; mv ../libmetis.a ../Lib .;
+          rm -f Lib/*.{c,o}
+
+    # ========================
+    #      Mac OS X tests
+    # ========================
+    # - serial + debug
+    # - serial
+    # - parallel + debug
+    # - parallel
+
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
+      compiler: clang
+      name: "Mac: Serial + Debug"
+      addons:
+        homebrew:
+          packages:
+            - ccache
+      env: DEBUG=YES
+           MPI=NO
+           CODECOV=NO
+           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=check
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
+      compiler: clang
+      name: "Mac: Serial"
+      addons:
+        homebrew:
+          packages:
+            - ccache
+      env: DEBUG=NO
+           MPI=NO
+           CODECOV=NO
+           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=test
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
+      compiler: clang
+      name: "Mac: Parallel + Debug"
+      addons:
+        homebrew:
+          packages:
+            - ccache
+      env: DEBUG=YES
+           MPI=YES
+           CODECOV=NO
+           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=check
+           NPROCS=4
+           TMPDIR=/tmp
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+        directories:
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
+          - $HOME/local-cached
+      before_cache:
+        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
+          mv libmetis.a Lib ..; rm -rf * ; mv ../libmetis.a ../Lib .;
+          rm -f Lib/*.{c,o}
+
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
+      compiler: clang
+      name: "Mac: Parallel"
+      addons:
+        homebrew:
+          packages:
+            - ccache
+      env: DEBUG=NO
+           MPI=YES
+           CODECOV=YES
+           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=test
+           NPROCS=4
+           TMPDIR=/tmp
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+        directories:
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
+          - $HOME/local-cached
+      before_cache:
+        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
+          mv libmetis.a Lib ..; rm -rf * ; mv ../libmetis.a ../Lib .;
+          rm -f Lib/*.{c,o}
+
+before_install:
+   # No addon for brew yet, have to install OSX packages this way.
+   # - if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "osx" ] && [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
+   #      brew install open-mpi;
+   #   fi
+
+   # Disable ccache while building dependencies that are cached:
+   - echo "before \$PATH = $PATH";
+     export PATH=${PATH//\/usr\/lib\/ccache:/};
+     echo "after  \$PATH = $PATH"
+
+   # On Mac OS X, build and cache OpenMPI 2.1.6:
+   - if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "osx" ] && [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
+        if [ ! -e $HOME/local-cached/bin/mpicc ]; then
+           mkdir -p $HOME/builds && cd $HOME/builds &&
+           wget https://download.open-mpi.org/release/open-mpi/v2.1/openmpi-2.1.6.tar.bz2 &&
+           tar jxf openmpi-2.1.6.tar.bz2 &&
+           mkdir openmpi-build && cd openmpi-build &&
+           ../openmpi-2.1.6/configure --prefix=$HOME/local-cached &&
+           make -j3 all && make install;
+        fi;
+        PATH=$HOME/local-cached/bin:$PATH;
+        cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR;
+     fi
+
+   # Update environment to find g++ 4.9 installation first.
+   # - if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "linux" ]; then
+   #      mkdir -p latest-gcc-symlinks;
+   #      ln -s /usr/bin/g++-4.9 latest-gcc-symlinks/g++;
+   #      ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 latest-gcc-symlinks/gcc;
+   #      ln -s /usr/bin/gcov-4.9 latest-gcc-symlinks/gcov;
+   #      export PATH=$PWD/latest-gcc-symlinks:$PATH;
+   #   fi
+
+   # Install tool to upload code coverage reports to coveralls.io
+   - if [ "$CODECOV" == "YES" ]; then
+        export PYTHONUSERBASE=$HOME/local;
+        pip install --user cpp-coveralls;
+        pip install --user pyyaml;
+        PATH=$HOME/local/bin:$PATH;
+     fi
+
+install:
+   # Set MPI compilers, print compiler version
+   - if [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
+        if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]; then
+           export MPICH_CC="$CC";
+           export MPICH_CXX="$CXX";
+        else
+           export OMPI_CC="$CC";
+           export OMPI_CXX="$CXX";
+           mpic++ --showme:version;
+        fi;
+        mpic++ -v;
+     else
+        $CXX -v;
+     fi
+
+   # Back out of the mfem directory to install the libraries
+   - cd ..
+
+   # hypre
+   - if [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
+        if [ ! -e $HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre/lib/libHYPRE.a ]; then
+           wget $HYPRE_URL;
+           rm -rf $HYPRE_TOP_DIR;
+           tar xvzf $HYPRE_ARCHIVE;
+           cd $HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src;
+           ./configure --disable-fortran CC=mpicc CXX=mpic++;
+           make -j3;
+           cd ../..;
+        else
+            echo "Reusing cached $HYPRE_TOP_DIR/";
+        fi;
+        ln -s $HYPRE_TOP_DIR hypre;
+     else
+        echo "Serial build, not using hypre";
+     fi
+
+   # METIS, use a mirror because the original source server is not always up.
+   # Original url:
+   #    http://glaros.dtc.umn.edu/gkhome/fetch/sw/metis/OLD/metis-4.0.3.tar.gz
+   - if [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
+        if [ ! -e metis-4.0/libmetis.a ]; then
+           wget https://mfem.github.io/tpls/metis-4.0.3.tar.gz;
+           tar xvzf metis-4.0.3.tar.gz;
+           make -j3 -C metis-4.0.3/Lib CC="$CC" OPTFLAGS="-O2";
+           rm -rf metis-4.0;
+           mv metis-4.0.3 metis-4.0;
+        else
+           echo "Reusing cached metis-4.0/";
+        fi;
+     fi
+
+   # Re-enable ccache on linux; enable ccache on mac os:
+   - if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "linux" ]; then
+        export PATH="/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH";
+     else
+        if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "osx" ]; then
+           export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ccache/libexec:$PATH";
+        fi;
+     fi
+
+   - printf "which \$CC  = "; which $CC;
+     printf "which \$CXX = "; which $CXX
+
+script:
+   # Compiler
+   - if [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
+        export MYCXX=mpic++;
+        export MAKE_CXX_FLAG=MPICXX=$MYCXX;
+     else
+        export MYCXX="$CXX";
+        export MAKE_CXX_FLAG=CXX=$MYCXX;
+     fi
+
+   # Print the compiler version
+   - $MYCXX -v
+
+   # Set some variables
+   - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR;
+     CPPFLAGS="";
+     SKIP_TEST_DIRS="";
+     if [ "$CODECOV" == "YES" ]; then
+        CPPFLAGS="--coverage -g";
+     fi;
+     if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" != "linux" ] || [ "$DEBUG" == "YES" ]; then
+        CPPFLAGS+=" -pedantic -Wall -Werror";
+     fi
+
+   # Configure the library
+   - make config MFEM_USE_MPI=$MPI MFEM_DEBUG=$DEBUG $MAKE_CXX_FLAG
+        MFEM_MPI_NP=$NPROCS CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
+   # Show the configuration
+   - make info
+   # Build the library
+   - make -j3
+   # Build the examples and the miniapps
+   - make -j3 all
+   # Run tests
+   - make $MFEM_TEST_TARGET SKIP_TEST_DIRS="$SKIP_TEST_DIRS"
+
+after_success:
+   - if [ "$CODECOV" == "YES" ]; then
+        coveralls --include fem --include general --include linalg --include
+           mesh --exclude /usr --gcov-options '\-lp' --root $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR;
+     fi
@@ -8,71 +8,40 @@
                               https://mfem.org


-Version 4.3.1 (development)
+Version 4.2.1 (development)
 ===========================
+- Added initial support for GPU-accelerated versions of PETSc that works with
+  MFEM_USE_CUDA if PETSc has been configured with CUDA support. Examples 1 and 9
+  in the examples/petsc directory have been modified to work with --device cuda.
+  Examples with GAMG (ex1p) and SLEPc (ex11p) are also provided.

+- Memory management:
+  * Added method Device::SetMemoryTypes that can be used to change the default
+    host and device MemoryTypes before Device setup.
+  * In class MemoryManager, added methods GetDualMemoryType and
+    SetDualMemoryType; dual MemoryTypes are used to determine the second
+    MemoryType (host or device) when only one MemoryType is specified in methods
+    of class Memory.
+  * Added Memory constructor for setting both the host and device MemoryTypes.
+  * Switched the default behavior of device memory allocations so that they
+    are deferred until the device pointer is needed.
+  * Added a second Umpire device MemoryType, DEVICE_UMPIRE_2, with
+    corresponding allocator that can be set with the method
+    MemoryManager::SetUmpireDevice2AllocatorName.
+  * Added HOST_PINNED MemoryType and a pinned host allocator for CUDA and HIP.

-Version 4.3, released on July 29, 2021
-======================================
+- Added support for Caliper: a library to integrate performance profiling
+  capabilities into applications. See examples/caliper for more details.

-Discretization improvements
---------------------------
- Variable order spaces, p- and hp-refinement. This is the initial (serial)
-  support for variable-order FiniteElementCollection and FiniteElementSpace.
-  The new method FiniteElementSpace::SetElementOrder can be called to set an
-  arbitrary order for each mesh element. The conforming interpolation matrix
-  will now automatically constrain p- and hp- interfaces, enabling general
-  hp-refinement in both 2D and 3D, on uniform or mixed NC meshes. Support for
-  parallel variable-order spaces will follow shortly.
+- Added support for explicit vectorization in the high-performance templated
+  code for Fujitsu's A64FX ARM microprocessor architecture.

- Extended the support for field transfer between high-order and low-order
-  refined finite element spaces to include: dual fields and H1 fields (both
-  primary and dual). These are illustrated in the lor-transfer miniapp.
+- Added AlgebraicCeedSolver that does matrix-free algebraic p-multigrid for
+  diffusion problems with the Ceed backend.

- Improved libCEED integration, including support for VectorCoefficient,
-  ConvectionIntegrator, and VectorConvectionNLFIntegrator with libCEED backends.
-
- Extending support for L2 basis functions using MapTypes VALUE and INTEGRAL in
-  linear interpolators and GridFunction "GetValue" methods.
-
- Changed the interface for the error estimator and implemented the Kelly error
-  indicator for scalar-valued problems, supported in serial and parallel builds.
-
- Added support for the "BR2" discontinuous Galerkin discretization for
-  diffusion via DGDiffusionBR2Integrator (see Example 14/14p).
-
- Added convective and skew-symmetric integrators for the nonlinear term in the
-  Navier-Stokes equations.
-
- Added new classes DenseSymmetricMatrix and SymmetricMatrixCoefficient for
-  efficient evaluation of symmetric matrix coefficients. This replaces the now
-  deprecated EvalSymmetric in MatrixCoefficient. Added DiagonalMatrixCoefficient
-  for clarity, which is a typedef of VectorCoefficient.
-
- Added support for nonscalar coefficient with VectorDiffusionIntegrator.
-
-Linear and nonlinear solvers
----------------------------
- Added support for AMG preconditioners on GPUs based on the hypre library
-  (version 2.22.0 or later). These include BoomerAMG, AMS and ADS and most
-  MFEM examples that use hypre have been ported to support this functionality.
-  The GPU preconditioners require that both hypre and MFEM are built with CUDA
-  support. Hypre builds with CUDA and unified memory are also supported and
-  can be used with `-d cuda:uvm` as a command-line option.
-
- Added support for AMG preconditioners for non-symmetric systems (e.g.
-  advection-dominated problems) using hypre's approximate ideal restriction
-  (AIR) AMG. Requires hypre version 2.14.0 or newer. Usage is illustrated in
-  example 9/9p.
-
- Added new functionality for constructing low-order refined discretizations and
-  solvers, see the LORDiscretization and LORSolver classes. A new basis type for
-  H(curl) and H(div) spaces is introduced to give spectral equivalence. This
-  functionality is illustrated in the LOR solvers miniapp in miniapps/solvers.
-
- Generalized the Multigrid class to support non-geometric multigrid. Previous
-  functionality, based on FiniteElementSpaceHierarchy, is now available in the
-  derived class GeometricMultigrid.
+- Introduced new options for the mesh-explorer miniapp to visualize the actual
+  element attributes in parallel meshes while retaining the visualization of
+  the domain decomposition.

 - Introduced solver interface for linear problems with constraints, a few
  concrete solvers that implement the interface, and a demonstration of their
@@ -83,18 +52,19 @@ Linear and nonlinear solvers
  as described in Barker and Kolev 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1002/nla.2348). See
  Example 3p and linalg/auxiliary.?pp.

- Improved interface for using the Ginkgo library, including: support for matrix-
-  free operators in Ginkgo solvers, new wrappers for Ginkgo preconditioners, HIP
-  support, and reduction of unnecessary data copies.
+- Added a new miniapp block-solvers that compares the performance of various
+  solvers for mixed finite element discretization of the second order scalar
+  elliptic equations. Currently available solvers in the miniapp include a
+  block-diagonal preconditioner that is based on approximate Schur complement
+  (implemented in ex5p), and a newly implemented solver DivFreeSolver, which
+  exploits a multilevel decomposition of the Raviart-Thomas space and its
+  divergence-free subspace. See the miniapps/solvers directory for more details.

- Added initial support for hypre's mixed integer (mixedint) capability, which
-  uses different data types for local and global indices in order to save memory
-  in large problems. This capability requires that hypre was configured with the
-  --enable-mixedint option. Note that this option is currently tested only in
-  ex1p, ex3p, and ex4p, and may not work in more general settings.
+- Added a new miniapp for computing (signed) distance functions to a point
+  source or zero level set. See miniapps/shifted/distance.cpp.

- Added AlgebraicCeedSolver that does matrix-free algebraic p-multigrid for
-  diffusion problems with the Ceed backend.
+- Added matrix-free GPU-enabled implementations of GradientInterpolator and
+  IdentityInterpolator.

 - Added interface to MUMPS direct solver. Its usage is demonstrated in ex25p.
  See http://mumps.enseeiht.fr/ for more details. Supported versions >= 5.1.1.
@@ -102,17 +72,6 @@ Linear and nonlinear solvers
 - Added three ESDIRK time integrators: implicit trapezoid rule, L-stable
  ESDIRK-32, and A-stable ESDIRK-33.

- Implemented a variable step-size IMEX (VSSIMEX) method for the Navier miniapp.
-
- Implemented an adaptive linear solver tolerance option for NewtonSolver based
-  on the algorithm of Eisenstat and Walker.
-
-Meshing improvements
--------------------
- Added support for reading high-order Lagrange meshes in VTK format. Arbitrary-
-  orders and all element types are supported. See the VTK blog for more info:
-  https://blog.kitware.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Source_Issue_43.pdf.
-
 - Introduced a new non-conforming mesh format that fixes known inconsistencies
  of legacy "MFEM mesh v1.1" NC format and works consistently in both serial and
  parallel. ParMesh::ParPrint can now print non-conforming AMR meshes that can
@@ -121,26 +80,109 @@ Meshing improvements
  NC data files are compatible with serial code, e.g., can be viewed with serial
  GLVis. Loading of legacy NC mesh files is still supported.

- Added FMS support (https://github.com/CEED/FMS) to mfem. FMS can represent
-  unstructured high-order meshes with general high-order finite element fields
-  on them. When enabled, mfem can convert data collections to/from FMS data
-  collections in memory. In addition, an FMS data collection class was added so
-  the convert-dc miniapp can read and generate data files in FMS format.
+- Added support for 1D non-conforming meshes (which can be useful for parallel
+  load balancing and derefinement).
+
+- Added a "scaled Jacobian" visualization option in the Mesh Explorer miniapp to
+  help identify elements with poor mesh quality.
+
+- Added support for the "BR2" discontinuous Galerkin discretization for
+  diffusion via DGDiffusionBR2Integrator (see Example 14/14p).
+
+- Generalized the Multigrid class to support non-geometric multigrid. The
+  previous functionality, based on FiniteElementSpaceHierarchy, is now available
+  in the derived class GeometricMultigrid.
+
+- Upgraded the Catch unit test framework from version 2.13.0 to version 2.13.2.
+
+- The TMOP mesh optimization algorithms were extended to GPU:
+   - QualityMetric #1, #2, #7 and #77 are available in 2D, #302, #303, #315
+     and #321 in 3D
+   - Both AnalyticAdaptTC and DiscreteAdaptTC TargetConstructor are available
+   - Kernels for normalization and limiting have been added
+   - The AdvectorCG now also supports AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL
+
+- Added a new command line boolean option (`--all`) to the unit tests to launch
+  *all* non-regression tests.
+
+- Added support for different modes of QuadratureInterpolator on GPU.
+  The layout (QVectorLayout::byNODES|byVDIM) and the tensor products modes can
+  be enabled before calling the Mult, Values, Derivatives, PhysDerivatives and
+  Determinants methods.
+
+- Implemented a filter method for the Navier miniapp to stabilize highly
+  turbulent flows in direct numerical simulation.
+
+- Added HIP support to the CMake build system.
+
+- Added support for reading high-order Lagrange meshes in VTK format. Arbitrary-
+  orders and all element types are supported. See the VTK blog for more info:
+  https://blog.kitware.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Source_Issue_43.pdf.
+
+- Added support for reading VTK meshes in XML format.
+
+- Added partial assembly and device support to Example 25/25p, with diagonal
+  preconditioning.
+
+- Implemented a variable step-size IMEX (VSSIMEX) method for the Navier miniapp.

 - Added new mesh quality metrics and improved the untangling capabilities of the
  TMOP-based mesh optimization algorithms.

- The TMOP mesh optimization algorithms were extended to GPU:
-  * QualityMetric 1, 2, 7, 77 are available in 2D, 302, 303, 315, 321 in 3D
-  * Both AnalyticAdaptTC and DiscreteAdaptTC TargetConstructor are available
-  * Kernels for normalization and limiting have been added
-  * The AdvectorCG now also supports AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL
+- Added convective and skew-symmetric integrators for the nonlinear term in the
+  Navier-Stokes equations.
+
+- Added new miniapp directory mtop/ with optimization-oriented block parametric
+  non-linear form and abstract integrators. Two new miniapps, ParHeat and
+  SeqHeat, demonstrate parallel and sequential implementation of gradients
+  evaluation for linear diffusion with discrete density.
+
+- Changed the interface for the error estimator.
+
+- Implemented the Kelly error indicator for scalar-valued problems, supported
+  in serial and parallel builds.
+
+- Added new classes DenseSymmetricMatrix and SymmetricMatrixCoefficient for
+  efficient evaluation of symmetric matrix coefficients. This replaces the now
+  deprecated EvalSymmetric in MatrixCoefficient. Added DiagonalMatrixCoefficient
+  for clarity, which is a typedef of VectorCoefficient.
+
+- Added support for AMG preconditioners for non-symmetric systems (e.g.
+  advection-dominated problems) using hypre's approximate ideal restriction
+  (AIR) AMG. Requires hypre version 2.14.0 or newer. Usage is illustrated in
+  example 9/9p.
+
+- Implemented an adaptive linear solver tolerance option for NewtonSolver based
+  on the algorithm of Eisenstat and Walker.
+
+- Added support for nonscalar coefficient with VectorDiffusionIntegrator.
+
+- Extending support for L2 basis functions using MapTypes VALUE and INTEGRAL in
+  linear interpolators and GridFunction "GetValue" methods.
+
+- Variable order spaces, p- and hp-refinement. This is the initial (serial)
+  support for variable-order FiniteElementCollection and FiniteElementSpace.
+  The new method FiniteElementSpace::SetElementOrder can be called to set an
+  arbitrary order for each mesh element. The conforming interpolation matrix
+  will now automatically constrain p- and hp- interfaces, enabling general
+  hp-refinement in both 2D and 3D, on uniform or mixed NC meshes. Support for
+  parallel variable-order spaces will follow shortly.

 - Added support for creating refined meshes for all element types (e.g. by
  splitting high-order elements into low-order refined elements), including
  mixed meshes. The LOR Transfer miniapp (miniapps/tools/lor-transfer.cpp) now
  supports meshes with any element geometry.

+- Gitlab CI: use Spack (and Uberenv) to automate the build of TPLs.
+
+- Added new miniapps demonstrating: 1) the use of GSLIB for overlapping grids,
+  see gslib/schwarz_ex1, and 2) coupling different physics in different domains,
+  see navier/cht. Note that gslib v1.0.7 is require (see INSTALL for details).
+
+- Added a new, very simple example (ex0 and parallel version ex0p). This
+  example solves a simple Poisson problem using H1 elements (the same problem as
+  ex1), but is intended to be extremely simple and approachable for new users.
+
 - Meshes consisting of any type of elements (including mixed meshes) can be
  converted to all-simplex meshes using Mesh::MakeSimplicial.

@@ -153,147 +195,56 @@ Meshing improvements
  requisite periodic vertex mappings can be created with
  Mesh::CreatePeriodicVertexMapping.

- Added support for 1D non-conforming meshes (which can be useful for parallel
-  load balancing and derefinement).
+- Added support for transferring dual fields between high-order and low-order
+  refined finite element spaces using the transposed versions of the
+  L2ProjectionGridTransfer operators. This functionality is illustrated in the
+  lor-transfer miniapp.
+
+- Improved interface for using the Ginkgo library, including: support for matrix-
+  free operators in Ginkgo solvers, new wrappers for Ginkgo preconditioners, HIP
+  support, and reduction of unnecessary data copies.
+
+- Added initial support for hypre's mixed integer (mixedint) capability, which
+  uses different data types for local and global indices in order to save memory
+  in large problems. This capability requires that hypre was configured with the
+  --enable-mixedint option. Note that this option is currently tested only in
+  ex1p and may not work in more general settings.
+
+- Added support for transferring fields (primary and dual) between high-order
+  and low-order refined H1 finite element spaces using the
+  L2ProjectionH1GridTransfer operators. This functionality is demonstrated
+  through the lor-transfer miniapp when run with the -h1 option.
+
+- Added new functionality for constructing low-order refined discretizations and
+  solvers, see the LORDiscretization and LORSolver classes. A new basis type for
+  H(curl) and H(div) spaces is introduced to give spectral equivalence. This
+  functionality is illustrated in the LOR solvers miniapp in miniapps/solvers.

 - Added sample meshes in the `data` subdirectory showing the reference elements
  of the six currently supported element types; ref-segment.mesh,
  ref-triangle.mesh, ref-square.mesh, ref-tetrahedron.mesh, ref-cube.mesh, and
  ref-prism.mesh.

-High-performance computing
--------------------------
- Added initial support for GPU-accelerated versions of PETSc that works with
-  MFEM_USE_CUDA if PETSc has been configured with CUDA support. Examples 1 and 9
-  in the examples/petsc directory have been modified to work with --device cuda.
-  Examples with GAMG (ex1p) and SLEPc (ex11p) are also provided.
-
- Added support for explicit vectorization in the high-performance templated
-  code for Fujitsu's A64FX ARM microprocessor architecture.
-
- Added support for different modes of QuadratureInterpolator on GPU.
-  The layout (QVectorLayout::byNODES|byVDIM) and the tensor products modes can
-  be enabled before calling the Mult, Values, Derivatives, PhysDerivatives and
-  Determinants methods.
-
- Added method Device::SetMemoryTypes that can be used to change the default
-  host and device MemoryTypes before Device setup.
-
- In class MemoryManager, added methods GetDualMemoryType and SetDualMemoryType;
-  dual MemoryTypes are used to determine the second MemoryType (host or device)
-  when only one MemoryType is specified in methods of class Memory.
-
- Added Memory constructor for setting both the host and device MemoryTypes.
-
- Switched the default behavior of device memory allocations so that they are
-  deferred until the device pointer is needed.
-
- Added a second Umpire device MemoryType, DEVICE_UMPIRE_2, with corresponding
-  allocator that can be set with the method SetUmpireDevice2AllocatorName.
-
- Added HOST_PINNED MemoryType and a pinned host allocator for CUDA and HIP.
-
- Added matrix-free GPU-enabled implementations of GradientInterpolator and
-  IdentityInterpolator.
-
-New and updated examples and miniapps
-------------------------------------
- Added a new, very simple example (ex0 and parallel version ex0p). This example
-  solves a simple Poisson problem using H1 elements (the same problem as ex1),
-  but is intended to be extremely simple and approachable for new users.
-
- Added new miniapps demonstrating: 1) the use of GSLIB for overlapping grids,
-  see gslib/schwarz_ex1, and 2) coupling different physics in different domains,
-  see navier/cht. Note that gslib v1.0.7 is require (see INSTALL for details).
-
- Added a new miniapp for computing (signed) distance functions to a point
-  source or zero level set. See miniapps/shifted/distance.cpp.
-
 - Added a high-order extension of the shifted boundary method to solve PDEs on
  non body-fitted meshes. This is illustrated in the new Shifted Diffusion
  miniapp, see miniapps/shifted/diffusion.cpp.

- Added new miniapp directory mtop/ with optimization-oriented block parametric
-  non-linear form and abstract integrators. Two new miniapps, ParHeat and
-  SeqHeat, demonstrate parallel and sequential implementation of gradients
-  evaluation for linear diffusion with discrete density.
-
- Added a new miniapp block-solvers that compares the performance of various
-  solvers for mixed finite element discretization of the second order scalar
-  elliptic equations. Currently available solvers in the miniapp include a
-  block-diagonal preconditioner that is based on approximate Schur complement
-  (implemented in ex5p), and a newly implemented solver DivFreeSolver, which
-  exploits a multilevel decomposition of the Raviart-Thomas space and its
-  divergence-free subspace. See the miniapps/solvers directory for more details.
-
- Introduced new options for the mesh-explorer miniapp to visualize the actual
-  element attributes in parallel meshes while retaining the visualization of the
-  domain decomposition.
-
- Added partial assembly and device support to Example 25/25p, with diagonal
-  preconditioning.
-
- Implemented a filter method for the Navier miniapp to stabilize highly
-  turbulent flows in direct numerical simulation.
-
-Improved testing
----------------
- Transitioned from Travis to GitHub Action for testing/CI on GitHub.
-
- Use Spack (and Uberenv) to automate TPL building in LLNL GitLab tests.
-
- Extended `make test` to include GPU tests when MFEM is built with CUDA or HIP
-  support.
-
- Added a set of suggested git hooks for developers in config/githooks.
-
- Added support for Caliper: a library to integrate performance profiling
-  capabilities into applications. See examples/caliper for more details.
-
- Added a new command line boolean option (`--all`) to the unit tests to launch
-  *all* non-regression tests.
-
- Upgraded the Catch unit test framework from version 2.13.0 to version 2.13.2.
-
-Miscellaneous
-------------
- The following integrations have updated minimum version requirements:
-  * CUDA >= 10.1.168
-  * Ginkgo >= 1.4.0
-  * GSLIB >= 1.0.7
-  * HIOP >= 0.4
-  * HYPRE >= 2.20.0 for mixedint support
-  * HYPRE >= 2.22.0 for CUDA support
-  * libCEED >= 0.8
-  * PETSc >= 3.15.0 for CUDA support
-  * RAJA >= 0.13.0
-  see INSTALL for more details.
-
- Added a "scaled Jacobian" visualization option in the Mesh Explorer miniapp to
-  help identify elements with poor mesh quality.
-
- Added support for reading VTK meshes in XML format.
-
 - Added makefile rule to generate TAGS table for vi or Emacs users.

- Added HIP support to the CMake build system.
+libCEED integration improvements
+--------------------------------
+- Refactor the libCEED integration

- Various other simplifications, extensions, and bugfixes in the code.
+- Add support for VectorCoefficient with libCEED backends.

-API changes
-----------
- Added an abstract interface `mfem::FaceRestriction` for `H1FaceRestriction`
-  and `L2FaceRestriction`.
-  In order to conform with the semantic of `MultTranspose` in `mfem::Operator`,
-  `mfem::FaceRestriction::MultTranspose` now sets instead of adding values, and
-  `mfem::FaceRestriction::AddMultTranspose` should replace previous calls to
-  `mfem::FaceRestriction::MultTranspose`.
+- Add support for ConvectionIntegrator, and VectorConvectionNLFIntegrator with
+  libCEED backends.


 Version 4.2, released on October 30, 2020
 =========================================

-High-performance computing
+High-Performance Computing
 --------------------------
 - Added support for explicit vectorization in the high-performance templated
  code, which can now take advantage of specific classes on the following
@@ -375,6 +326,9 @@ Linear and nonlinear solvers
  matrix with the function HypreParMatrixFromBlocks. This could be useful for
  solving block systems with parallel direct solvers such as STRUMPACK.

+- Added CUDA support for SUNDIALS ODE integrators. See the updated SUNDIALS
+  modification of Example 9/9p.
+
 - Added wrappers for hypre's flexible GMRES solver and the new parallel ILU
  preconditioner. The latter requires hypre version 2.19.0 or later.

@@ -485,7 +439,7 @@ New and updated examples and miniapps
    L2, with partial assembly support in Example 24/24p.
  * Weak Dirichlet boundary conditions (Nitsche) to the NURBS miniapp.

-Data management and visualization
+Data management and Visualization
 ---------------------------------
 - Added support for ADIOS2 for parallel I/O with ParaView visualization. See
  Examples 5, 9, 12, 16. The classes adios2stream and ADIOS2DataCollection
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ set(USER_CONFIG "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/config/user.cmake" CACHE PATH

 # Require C++11 and disable compiler-specific extensions
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
-if (MFEM_USE_GINKGO)
+if (MFEM_USE_GINKGO) 
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
 endif()
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ project(mfem NONE)
 # Current version of MFEM, see also `makefile`.
 #   mfem_VERSION = (string)
 #   MFEM_VERSION = (int)   [automatically derived from mfem_VERSION]
-set(${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION 4.3.1)
+set(${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION 4.2.1)

 # Prohibit in-source build
 if (${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} STREQUAL ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ if (MFEM_USE_CUDA)
   endif()
   enable_language(CUDA)
   set(CMAKE_CUDA_STANDARD 11)
-   if (MFEM_USE_GINKGO)
+   if (MFEM_USE_GINKGO) 
     set(CMAKE_CUDA_STANDARD 14)
   endif()
   set(CMAKE_CUDA_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
@@ -246,7 +246,6 @@ if (MFEM_USE_OPENMP OR MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP)
    message(FATAL_ERROR " *** MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP requires MFEM_THREAD_SAFE=ON.")
  endif()
  find_package(OpenMP REQUIRED)
-  set(OPENMP_LIBRARIES ${OpenMP_CXX_LIBRARIES})
 endif()

 # SuiteSparse (before SUNDIALS which may depend on KLU)
@@ -267,15 +266,6 @@ if (MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS)
  find_package(SUNDIALS REQUIRED ${SUNDIALS_COMPONENTS})
 endif()

-# EPIC
-if (MFEM_USE_EPIC)
-  if (NOT (MFEM_USE_MPI AND MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS AND MFEM_USE_LAPACK) )
-    message(FATAL_ERROR " *** EPIC requires that MPI, SUNDIALS and LAPACK be enabled.")
-  else()
-    find_package(EPIC REQUIRED SUNDIALS NVector_Serial NVector_Parallel BLAS LAPACK)
-  endif()
-endif()
-
 # Mesquite
 if (MFEM_USE_MESQUITE)
  find_package(Mesquite REQUIRED)
@@ -340,10 +330,6 @@ if (MFEM_USE_CONDUIT)
    find_package(Conduit REQUIRED conduit relay blueprint )
 endif()

-if (MFEM_USE_FMS)
-    find_package(FMS REQUIRED fms )
-endif()
-
 # Axom/Sidre
 if (MFEM_USE_SIDRE)
  find_package(Axom REQUIRED Axom)
@@ -437,11 +423,10 @@ endif()
 #    With newer versions of SuiteSparse which include METIS header using 64-bit
 #    integers, the METIS header (with 32-bit indices, as used by mfem) needs to
 #    be before SuiteSparse.
-set(MFEM_TPLS MPI_CXX OPENMP HYPRE BLAS LAPACK SuperLUDist METIS SuiteSparse SUNDIALS EPIC PETSC
-    SLEPC MESQUITE MUMPS STRUMPACK AXOM FMS CONDUIT Ginkgo GNUTLS GSLIB NETCDF
+set(MFEM_TPLS MPI_CXX OPENMP HYPRE BLAS LAPACK SuperLUDist METIS SuiteSparse SUNDIALS PETSC
+    SLEPC MESQUITE MUMPS STRUMPACK AXOM CONDUIT Ginkgo GNUTLS GSLIB NETCDF
    MPFR PUMI HIOP POSIXCLOCKS MFEMBacktrace ZLIB OCCA CEED RAJA UMPIRE ADIOS2
    CUSPARSE MKL_CPARDISO AMGX CALIPER)
-
 # Add all *_FOUND libraries in the variable TPL_LIBRARIES.
 set(TPL_LIBRARIES "")
 set(TPL_INCLUDE_DIRS "")
@@ -460,9 +445,6 @@ include_directories(${TPL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 if (OPENMP_FOUND)
  message(STATUS "MFEM: using package OpenMP")
  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${OpenMP_CXX_FLAGS}")
-  if (MFEM_USE_CUDA)
-    set(CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS} -Xcompiler=${OpenMP_CXX_FLAGS}")
-  endif()
 endif()

 message(STATUS "MFEM build type: CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE = ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@

 <p align="center">
 <a href="https://github.com/mfem/mfem/blob/master/LICENSE"><img alt="License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-BSD-brightgreen.svg"></a>
-<a href="https://github.com/mfem/mfem/actions?query=workflow%3Arepo-check+branch%3Amaster"><img alt="Repo check" src="https://github.com/mfem/mfem/actions/workflows/repo-check.yml/badge.svg?branch=master"></a>
-<a href="https://github.com/mfem/mfem/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild-analysis+branch%3Amaster"><img alt="Build Analysis" src="https://github.com/mfem/mfem/actions/workflows/mfem-analysis.yml/badge.svg?branch=master"></a>
-<a href="https://github.com/mfem/mfem/actions?query=workflow%3Abuilds-and-tests+branch%3Amaster"><img alt="Builds and Tests" src="https://github.com/mfem/mfem/actions/workflows/builds-and-tests.yml/badge.svg?branch=master"></a>
+<a href="https://travis-ci.org/mfem/mfem"><img alt="Build Status" src="https://travis-ci.org/mfem/mfem.svg?branch=master"></a>
 <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/mfem/mfem"><img alt="Build Status" src="https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/19non9sqm6msi2wy?svg=true"></a>
 <a href="https://mfem.github.io/doxygen/html/index.html"><img alt="Doxygen" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/code-documented-brightgreen.svg"></a>
 </p>
@@ -65,8 +63,6 @@ Origin](#developers-certificate-of-origin-11) at the end of this file.*
  development branches off `mfem:master`.
 - Please follow the [developer guidelines](#developer-guidelines), in particular
  with regards to documentation and code styling.
- Please do not commit large/binary files to the central repository (use a fork
-  instead).
 - Pull requests  should be issued toward `mfem:master`. Make sure
  to check the items off the [Pull Request Checklist](#pull-request-checklist).
 - When your contribution is fully working and ready to be reviewed, add
@@ -75,7 +71,6 @@ Origin](#developers-certificate-of-origin-11) at the end of this file.*
  reviewers to evaluate the changes.
 - The reviewers have 3 weeks to evaluate the PR and work with the author to
  fix issues and implement improvements.
- During review there should be no force pushes/rewriting history in the branch.
 - After approval, MFEM developers merge the PR manually in the [mfem:next branch](#masternext-workflow).
 - After a week of testing in `mfem:next`, the original PR is merged in `mfem:master`.
 - We use [milestones](https://github.com/mfem/mfem/milestones) to coordinate the
@@ -96,8 +91,8 @@ The MFEM source code has the following structure:
 ```
  .
  ├── config
-  │   ├── cmake
-  │   └── githooks
+  │   └── cmake
+  │       └── ...
  ├── data
  ├── doc
  ├── examples
@@ -134,10 +129,10 @@ The MFEM source code has the following structure:
  └── tests
      ├── convergence
      ├── gitlab
-      ├── mem_manager
      ├── par-mesh-format
      ├── scripts
      └── unit
+          └── ...
 ```

 #### Main directories and classes
@@ -368,10 +363,6 @@ Before you can start, you need a GitHub account, here are a few suggestions:
  two reviewers to evaluate the changes. The reviewers have 3 weeks to evaluate
  the PR and work with the author to implement improvements and fix issues.

- Once the `ready-for-review` label has been applied and reviewers have been
-  assigned, the PR is considered under review. To help with the review process
-  there should be no force pushes/rewriting history in the branch.
-
 - After approval, the PR is [tested](#masternext-workflow) for a week with
  other approved PRs in the `mfem:next` branch.

@@ -379,20 +370,16 @@ Before you can start, you need a GitHub account, here are a few suggestions:
  `mfem:next`, see the [README](tests/scripts/README) file in that directory
  for more details.

- Track the GitHub Actions and Appveyor [continuous integration](#automated-testing)
+- Track the Travis CI, Github Actions and Appveyor [continuous integration](#automated-testing)
  builds at the end of the PR. These should generally run clean, so address any
  errors as soon as possible. Please ask if you are unsure how to do that.

- Note that some tests, such as the `branch-history` check in GitHub Actions
-  are safeguards that are allowed to fail in certain cases.
+- Note that some tests, such as the `branch-history` check in Travis and Github
+  Actions are safeguards that are allowed to fail in certain cases.

 - Other tests, such as the `code-style`, `documentation` and `gitignore`
-  checks in GitHub Actions enforce MFEM-specific rules which are explained in
-  the error messages and the `tests/scripts` directory.
-
- Also note that the tests `branch-history` and `repos-checks` found in GitHub
-  Actions can be triggered automatically before each push using git hooks. See
-  the [git hooks README](config/githooks/README.md) for a detailed explanation.
+  checks in Travis and Github Actions enforce MFEM-specific rules which are
+  explained in the error messages and the `tests/scripts` directory.

 - If triggered, track the status of the LLNL GitLab tests. If failing, ask
  one of the _LLNL developers_ for details.
@@ -412,7 +399,7 @@ Before a PR can be merged, it should satisfy the following:
    - [ ] Does `make` or `cmake` have a new target?
    - [ ] Did the requirements or the installation process change? *(rare)*
 - [ ] Update continuous integration server configurations if necessary (e.g. with new version requirements for each of MFEM's dependencies)
-    - [ ] `.github`
+    - [ ] `.travis.yml`
    - [ ] `.appveyor.yml`
 - [ ] Update `.gitignore`:
    - [ ] Check if `make distclean; git status` shows any files that were generated from the source by the project (not an IDE) but we don't want to track in the repository.
@@ -529,7 +516,7 @@ MFEM uses a `master`/`next`-branch workflow as described below:
    - [ ] `doc/CodeDocumentation.conf.in`
 - [ ] Check that version requirements for each of MFEM's dependencies are documented in `INSTALL` and up-to-date
 - [ ] Check that continuous integration server configurations reflect the dependency version requirements of the new release
-    - [ ] `.github`
+    - [ ] `.travis.yml`
    - [ ] `.appveyor.yml`
 - [ ] Update the `CHANGELOG` to organize all release contributions
 - [ ] Review the whole source code once over
@@ -591,17 +578,14 @@ MFEM uses a `master`/`next`-branch workflow as described below:
 MFEM has several levels of automated testing running on GitHub, as well as on
 local Mac and Linux workstations, and Livermore Computing clusters at LLNL.

-In addition, developers can set local git hooks to run some quick checks on
-commit or push, see the [README](config/githooks/README.md) in the `config/githooks`
-directory.
-
 ### Linux and Mac smoke tests
-We use GitHub Actions to drive the default tests on the `master` and `next`
-branches. See the `.github/workflows` files and the logs at
-[https://github.com/mfem/mfem/actions](https://github.com/mfem/mfem/actions).
+We use Travis CI and Github Actions to drive the default tests on the `master`
+and `next` branches. See the `.travis` file and the logs at
+[https://travis-ci.org/mfem/mfem](https://travis-ci.org/mfem/mfem).

-Testing using GitHub Actions should be kept lightweight, as there is a time
-constraint on jobs. Two virtual machines are configured - Mac (OS X) and Linux.
+Testing using Travis CI and Github Actions should be kept lightweight, as there
+is a time constraint on jobs. Two virtual machines are configured - Mac (OS X)
+and Linux.

 - Tests on the `master` branch are triggered whenever a PR is issued on this branch.
 - Tests on the `next` branch are currently scheduled to run each night.
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ MFEM_USE_HIP = YES/NO
   Enables support for AMD devices in MFEM. HIP is a heterogeneous-compute
   interface for portability developed by AMD that can target both AMD and
   NVIDIA GPUs. The variable HIP_ARCH is used to specify the AMD GPU processor
-   used during compilation (by default, HIP_ARCH=gfx900). When enabled, this
+   used during compilation (by default, HIP_ARCH=gfx900).  When enabled, this
   option uses the HIP_* build options, see below.

 MFEM_USE_RAJA = YES/NO
@@ -516,13 +516,6 @@ MFEM_USE_CALIPER = YES/NO
   profiling at runtime with Caliper's configuration API. Alternatively, one
   can configure Caliper through environment variables or config files.

-MFEM_USE_FMS = YES/NO
-   Enables support for the FMS library which consists of the DataCollection
-   sub-class mfem::FMSDataCollection for I/O in FMS formats, see the header file
-   fem/fmsdatacollection.hpp. In addition, this option enables in-memory
-   convetion routines between FMS's FmsDataCollection structure and MFEM's
-   DataCollection class, see the header file fem/fmsconvert.hpp.
-
 MFEM_BUILD_TAG = (any value)
   An optional tag to characterize the build. Exported to config/config.mk.
   Can be used to identify the MFEM build from other makefiles.
@@ -547,9 +540,8 @@ The specific libraries and their options are:
  See also the "Specific options for hypre" section at the end of this file.
  URL: https://github.com/hypre-space/hypre and https://www.llnl.gov/casc/hypre
  Options: HYPRE_OPT, HYPRE_LIB.
-  Versions: HYPRE >= 2.10.0b  (HYPRE built without CUDA)
-            HYPRE >= 2.20.0   (HYPRE built with '--enable-mixedint')
-            HYPRE >= 2.22.0   (HYPRE built with CUDA)
+  Versions: HYPRE >= 2.10.0b,
+            HYPRE >= 2.20.0 for '--enable-mixedint' support.

 - METIS, used when MFEM_USE_METIS = YES. If using METIS 5, set
  MFEM_USE_METIS_5 = YES (default is to use METIS 4).
@@ -623,7 +615,7 @@ The specific libraries and their options are:
  and dependencies of specific modules, see the Ginkgo webpage below.
  URL: https://ginkgo-project.github.io
  Options: GINKGO_OPT, GINKGO_LIB, GINKGO_DIR, GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE (Release or Debug).
-  Versions: Ginkgo >= 1.4.0.
+  Versions: Ginkgo >= 1.4.0. 

 - AmgX (optional), used when MFEM_USE_AMGX = YES.
  URL: https://github.com/NVIDIA/AMGX
@@ -761,11 +753,6 @@ The specific libraries and their options are:
  URL: https://zlib.net
  Options: ZLIB_OPT, ZLIB_LIB.

- FMS (optional), used when MFEM_USE_FMS = YES.
-  URL: https://github.com/CEED/FMS
-  Options: FMS_OPT, FMS_LIB.
-  Versions: FMS >= 0.2.
-
 Building with CMake
 ===================
 The MFEM build system consists of two steps: configuration and compilation.
@@ -897,7 +884,6 @@ MFEM_USE_RAJA
 MFEM_USE_UMPIRE
 MFEM_USE_SIDRE
 MFEM_USE_CALIPER
-MFEM_USE_FMS

 The following options are CMake specific:

@@ -952,7 +938,6 @@ The CMake build system adds auto-detection for the following packages/libraries:
 - UMPIRE
 - AXOM - Used when MFEM_USE_SIDRE is enabled
 - CALIPER
- - FMS

 The following built-in CMake packages are also used:

@@ -970,7 +955,7 @@ config/config.hpp.in:

   cp config/config.hpp.in config/_config.hpp

-The file config/_config.hpp can then be edited to enable desired options. The
+The file config/_config.hpp can then be edited to enable desired options.  The
 MFEM library is simply a combination of all object files obtained by compiling
 the .cpp source files in the source directories: general, linalg, mesh, and fem.

@@ -978,7 +963,7 @@ the .cpp source files in the source directories: general, linalg, mesh, and fem.
 Specifying an MPI job launcher
 ==============================
 By default, MFEM will use 'mpirun -np #' to launch any of its parallel tests or
-miniapps, where # is the number of MPI tasks. An alternate MPI launcher can be
+miniapps, where # is the number of MPI tasks.  An alternate MPI launcher can be
 provided by setting the MFEM_MPIEXEC and MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP config variables.

 MFEM will expect the launcher command, plus the command line option to allow it
@@ -256,10 +256,6 @@ IF (DEFINED TPL_ENABLE_SIDRE)
  SET(MFEM_USE_SIDRE ${TPL_ENABLE_SIDRE} CACHE BOOL "Enable Axom/Sidre usage" FORCE)
 ENDIF()

-IF (DEFINED TPL_ENABLE_FMS)
-  SET(MFEM_USE_FMS ${TPL_ENABLE_FMS} CACHE BOOL "Enable FMS usage" FORCE)
-ENDIF()
-
 IF (DEFINED TPL_ENABLE_CONDUIT)
  SET(MFEM_USE_CONDUIT ${TPL_ENABLE_CONDUIT} CACHE BOOL "Enable Conduit usage" FORCE)
 ENDIF()
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ set(MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP @MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP@)
 set(MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC @MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC@)
 set(MFEM_TIMER_TYPE @MFEM_TIMER_TYPE@)
 set(MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS @MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS@)
-set(MFEM_USE_EPIC @MFEM_USE_EPIC@)
 set(MFEM_USE_MESQUITE @MFEM_USE_MESQUITE@)
 set(MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE @MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE@)
 set(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU @MFEM_USE_SUPERLU@)
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ set(MFEM_USE_PETSC @MFEM_USE_PETSC@)
 set(MFEM_USE_SLEPC @MFEM_USE_SLEPC@)
 set(MFEM_USE_MPFR @MFEM_USE_MPFR@)
 set(MFEM_USE_SIDRE @MFEM_USE_SIDRE@)
-set(MFEM_USE_FMS @MFEM_USE_FMS@)
 set(MFEM_USE_CONDUIT @MFEM_USE_CONDUIT@)
 set(MFEM_USE_PUMI @MFEM_USE_PUMI@)
 set(MFEM_USE_CUDA @MFEM_USE_CUDA@)
@@ -119,9 +119,6 @@
 // Enable the use of SIMD in the high performance templated classes
 #cmakedefine MFEM_USE_SIMD

-// Enable MFEM functionality based on the FMS library
-#cmakedefine MFEM_USE_FMS
-
 // Enable MFEM functionality based on Conduit
 #cmakedefine MFEM_USE_CONDUIT

@@ -165,9 +162,6 @@
 // Enable MFEM functionality based on the SUNDIALS libraries.
 #cmakedefine MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS

-// Enable MFEM functionality based on the EPIC libraries.
-#cmakedefine MFEM_USE_EPIC
-
 // Version of HYPRE used for building MFEM.
 #cmakedefine MFEM_HYPRE_VERSION @MFEM_HYPRE_VERSION@

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2020, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-# Defines the following variables:
-#   - EPIC_FOUND
-#   - EPIC_LIBRARIES
-#   - EPIC_INCLUDE_DIRS
-
-include(MfemCmakeUtilities)
-mfem_find_package(EPIC EPIC EPIC_DIR
-       "include" Epic.h "lib" epic1.0.0
-  "Paths to headers required by EPIC." "Libraries required by EPIC.")
-
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2021, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-# Defines the following variables:
-#   - FMS_FOUND
-#   - FMS_LIBRARIES
-#   - FMS_INCLUDE_DIRS
-
-include(MfemCmakeUtilities)
-mfem_find_package(FMS FMS FMS_DIR
-  "include" fms.h "lib" fms
-  "Paths to headers required by FMS." "Libraries required by FMS.")
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ function(mfem_export_mk_files)
  set(CONFIG_MK_BOOL_VARS MFEM_USE_MPI MFEM_USE_METIS MFEM_USE_METIS_5
      MFEM_DEBUG MFEM_USE_EXCEPTIONS MFEM_USE_ZLIB MFEM_USE_LIBUNWIND
      MFEM_USE_LAPACK MFEM_THREAD_SAFE MFEM_USE_OPENMP MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP
-      MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS MFEM_USE_EPIC MFEM_USE_MESQUITE MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE
+      MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS MFEM_USE_MESQUITE MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE
      MFEM_USE_SUPERLU MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK MFEM_USE_GINKGO MFEM_USE_AMGX
      MFEM_USE_GNUTLS MFEM_USE_GSLIB MFEM_USE_NETCDF MFEM_USE_PETSC
      MFEM_USE_SLEPC MFEM_USE_MPFR MFEM_USE_SIDRE MFEM_USE_CONDUIT MFEM_USE_PUMI
@@ -85,9 +85,6 @@
 // Enable MFEM functionality based on the SUNDIALS libraries.
 // #define MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS

-// Enable MFEM functionality based on the EPIC libraries.
-// #define MFEM_USE_EPIC
-
 // Enable MFEM functionality based on the Mesquite library.
 // #define MFEM_USE_MESQUITE

@@ -120,9 +117,6 @@
 // Enable the use of SIMD in the high performance templated classes
 // #define MFEM_USE_SIMD

-// Enable FMS support
-// #define MFEM_USE_FMS
-
 // Enable Conduit support
 // #define MFEM_USE_CONDUIT

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ MFEM_USE_OPENMP        = @MFEM_USE_OPENMP@
 MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC      = @MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC@
 MFEM_TIMER_TYPE        = @MFEM_TIMER_TYPE@
 MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS      = @MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS@
-MFEM_USE_EPIC          = @MFEM_USE_EPIC@
 MFEM_USE_MESQUITE      = @MFEM_USE_MESQUITE@
 MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE   = @MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE@
 MFEM_USE_SUPERLU       = @MFEM_USE_SUPERLU@
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@ MFEM_USE_PETSC         = @MFEM_USE_PETSC@
 MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = @MFEM_USE_SLEPC@
 MFEM_USE_MPFR          = @MFEM_USE_MPFR@
 MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = @MFEM_USE_SIDRE@
-MFEM_USE_FMS           = @MFEM_USE_FMS@
 MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = @MFEM_USE_CONDUIT@
 MFEM_USE_PUMI          = @MFEM_USE_PUMI@
 MFEM_USE_HIOP          = @MFEM_USE_HIOP@
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ option(MFEM_USE_OPENMP "Enable the OpenMP backend" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP "Enable legacy OpenMP usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC "Enable the internal MEMALLOC option." ON)
 option(MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS "Enable SUNDIALS usage" OFF)
-option(MFEM_USE_EPIC "Enable EPIC usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_MESQUITE "Enable MESQUITE usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE "Enable SuiteSparse usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU "Enable SuperLU_DIST usage" OFF)
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@ option(MFEM_USE_PETSC "Enable PETSc support." OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_SLEPC "Enable SLEPc support." OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_MPFR "Enable MPFR usage." OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_SIDRE "Enable Axom/Sidre usage" OFF)
-option(MFEM_USE_FMS "Enable FMS usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_CONDUIT "Enable Conduit usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_PUMI "Enable PUMI" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_HIOP "Enable HiOp" OFF)
@@ -98,11 +96,6 @@ set(HYPRE_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../hypre/src/hypre" CACHE PATH
 # If hypre was compiled to depend on BLAS and LAPACK:
 # set(HYPRE_REQUIRED_PACKAGES "BLAS" "LAPACK" CACHE STRING
 #     "Packages that HYPRE depends on.")
-if (MFEM_USE_CUDA)
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with cuda:
-   set(HYPRE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES "-lcusparse" "-lcurand" CACHE STRING
-       "Libraries that HYPRE depends on.")
-endif()

 set(METIS_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../metis-4.0" CACHE PATH "Path to the METIS library.")

@@ -116,9 +109,6 @@ set(SUNDIALS_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../sundials-5.0.0/instdir" CACHE PATH
 # set(SUNDIALS_REQUIRED_PACKAGES "SuiteSparse/KLU/AMD/BTF/COLAMD/config"
 #     CACHE STRING "Additional packages required by SUNDIALS.")

-set(EPIC_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../epic-cpp/instdir" CACHE PATH
-    "Path to the EPIC library.")
-
 set(MESQUITE_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../mesquite-2.99" CACHE PATH
    "Path to the Mesquite library.")

@@ -142,10 +132,10 @@ set(MUMPS_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../MUMPS_5.2.0" CACHE PATH
    "Path to the MUMPS library.")
 # Packages required by MUMPS, depending on how it was compiled.
 set(MUMPS_REQUIRED_PACKAGES "MPI" "BLAS" "METIS" "ScaLAPACK" CACHE STRING
-    "Additional packages required by MUMPS.")
+    "Additional packages required by MUMPS.")    
 # If the MPI package does not find all required Fortran libraries:
 # set(MUMPS_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES "gfortran" "mpi_mpifh" CACHE STRING
-#     "Additional libraries required by MUMPS.")
+#     "Additional libraries required by MUMPS.")    

 set(STRUMPACK_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../STRUMPACK-build" CACHE PATH
    "Path to the STRUMPACK library.")
@@ -197,12 +187,6 @@ set(SLEPC_ARCH "arch-linux2-c-debug" CACHE STRING "SLEPC build architecture.")

 set(MPFR_DIR "" CACHE PATH "Path to the MPFR library.")

-set(FMS_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../fms" CACHE PATH
-    "Path to the FMS library.")
-# If FMS is built with Conduit:
-# set(FMS_REQUIRED_PACKAGES "Conduit/relay" CACHE STRING
-#     "Additional packages required by FMS.")
-
 set(CONDUIT_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../conduit" CACHE PATH
    "Path to the Conduit library.")

@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP = NO
 MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC      = YES
 MFEM_TIMER_TYPE        = $(if $(NOTMAC),2,4)
 MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS      = NO
-MFEM_USE_EPIC          = NO
 MFEM_USE_MESQUITE      = NO
 MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE   = NO
 MFEM_USE_SUPERLU       = NO
@@ -137,7 +136,6 @@ MFEM_USE_PETSC         = NO
 MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = NO
 MFEM_USE_MPFR          = NO
 MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = NO
-MFEM_USE_FMS           = NO
 MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = NO
 MFEM_USE_PUMI          = NO
 MFEM_USE_HIOP          = NO
@@ -176,10 +174,6 @@ LIBUNWIND_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lunwind -ldl,)
 HYPRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../hypre/src/hypre
 HYPRE_OPT = -I$(HYPRE_DIR)/include
 HYPRE_LIB = -L$(HYPRE_DIR)/lib -lHYPRE
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_CUDA))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with cuda:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -lcusparse -lcurand
-endif

 # METIS library configuration
 ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU)$(MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)$(MFEM_USE_MUMPS),NONONO)
@@ -232,11 +226,6 @@ endif
 # If SUNDIALS was built with KLU:
 # MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE = YES

-# EPIC library configuration
-MESQUITE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../epic-cpp/instdir
-MESQUITE_OPT = -I$(EPIC_DIR)/include
-MESQUITE_LIB = -L$(EPIC_DIR)/lib -lepic1.0.0
-
 # MESQUITE library configuration
 MESQUITE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../mesquite-2.99
 MESQUITE_OPT = -I$(MESQUITE_DIR)/include
@@ -368,11 +357,6 @@ endif
 MPFR_OPT =
 MPFR_LIB = -lmpfr

-# FMS and required libraries configuration
-FMS_DIR = $(MFEM_DIR)/../fms
-FMS_OPT = -I$(FMS_DIR)/include
-FMS_LIB = -Wl,-rpath,$(FMS_DIR)/lib -L$(FMS_DIR)/lib -lfms
-
 # Conduit and required libraries configuration
 CONDUIT_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../conduit
 CONDUIT_OPT = -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-                    Finite Element Discretization Library
-                                   __
-                       _ __ ___   / _|  ___  _ __ ___
-                      | '_ ` _ \ | |_  / _ \| '_ ` _ \
-                      | | | | | ||  _||  __/| | | | | |
-                      |_| |_| |_||_|   \___||_| |_| |_|
-
-                               https://mfem.org
-
-
-This directory contains recommended git hooks, which are scripts that can be
-used to improve your development experience with MFEM:
-
-### The hooks
-
-* `pre-commit` is a hook that will be applied before each commit and run
-`astyle` on the code. This will ensure that your changes comply with the MFEM
-code styling guidelines.
-
-* `pre-push` is a hook that will be applied before each push to run a quick set
-of tests that verify that your files headers are in compliance, and that you did
-not add any large files to the repo.
-
-### Setup
-
-To setup the git hooks, run `make hooks`, which creates symlinks to the hooks in
-the `.git/hooks` directory. Individual hooks can be enabled by manually creating
-symlinks.
-
-(You may also copy the scripts directly and customize them further, but this way
-you may miss additional updates in the future.)
-
-### Failures
-
-The `branch-history` check can fail in some cases when the history is OK. For
-example, when a large number of files were modified for a legitimate reason, or
-when a picture was added for documentation.
-
-If that is the case, make sure the failure is indeed justified, and rerun the
-push command with the `--no-verify` option. This will skip the hooks, allowing
-you to push those changes.
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Apply automated code formatting
-make -C $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel) style
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2021, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-option=${1:-""}
-
-if [[ "${option}" == "--help" ]]; then
-  echo "This script runs checks on the repository."
-  echo "It has 2 modes: with and without an option."
-  echo ""
-  echo "Options are used in GitHub Actions and can be:"
-  echo "  --copyright"
-  echo "  --license"
-  echo "  --release"
-  echo "  --style"
-  echo "  --history"
-  echo ""
-  echo "As a githook, the script is used without options."
-  echo "In that case, it will run all the checks except style."
-  echo ""
-  echo "Use --help to print this help message."
-fi
-
-cd $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
-
-# copyright check
-copyright=true
-if [[ "${option}" == "--copyright" || "${option}" == "" ]]; then
-  if git grep -l "^\(#\|//\).*\(\-2020\|\ 2010,\)" > matches.txt; then
-    echo "Please update the following files to Copyright (c) 2010-2021:"
-    cat matches.txt
-    copyright=false
-  fi
-fi
-
-# license check
-license=true
-if [[ "${option}" == "--license" || "${option}" == "" ]]; then
-  if git grep -li "^\(#\|//\).*GNU\ Lesser\ General\ Public\ License" > matches.txt; then
-    echo "Please update the following files to the BSD-3 license:"
-    cat matches.txt
-    license=false
-  fi
-fi
-
-# release check
-release=true
-if [[ "${option}" == "--release" || "${option}" == "" ]]; then
-  if git grep -l "^\(#\|//\).*LLNL\-CODE\-443211" > matches.txt
-  then
-    echo "Please update the following files to LLNL-CODE-806117:"
-    cat matches.txt
-    release=false
-  fi
-fi
-
-# wrap-up
-code=0
-if ! $copyright ; then
-  echo "copyright check failed, unroll log for details"
-  code=1
-fi
-if ! $license ; then
-  echo "license check failed, unroll log for details"
-  code=1
-fi
-if ! $release ; then
-  echo "release check failed, unroll log for details"
-  code=1
-fi
-
-# `code-style` is not just a check, it will actually reformat the code if
-# necessary. This means that if one pushes while the repo is in dirty state
-# (changes not staged), those changes may be mixed with format changes.
-# To activate this, you will need to hard-copy this hook script in the hook
-# directory and uncomment only then. (See README.md)
-#
-## style check
-#if [[ "${option}" == "--style" || "${option}" == "" ]]; then
-if [[ "${option}" == "--style" ]]; then
-  if which astyle && [[ "$(astyle --version)" == "Artistic Style Version 2.05.1" ]]; then
-    cd tests/scripts
-    if ! ./runtest code-style; then code=1; fi
-    cd -
-  else
-    echo "Warning: astyle not found or version is not 2.05.1"
-  fi
-fi
-
-# branch-history
-if [[ "${option}" == "--history" || "${option}" == "" ]]; then
-  git fetch origin master:master
-  cd tests/scripts
-  if ! ./runtest branch-history; then code=1; fi
-  cd -
-fi
-
-exit $code
@@ -57,27 +57,22 @@ TIMECMD := $(word 1,$(TIMECMD))
 ifneq (,$(filter test%,$(MAKECMDGOALS)))
   MAKEFLAGS += -k
 endif
-# Test runs of the examples/miniapps with parameters - check exit code:
-# 0 means success, 255 means the test was skipped, anything else means error
+# Test runs of the examples/miniapps with parameters - check exit code
 mfem-test = \
   printf "   $(3) [$(2) $(1) ... ]: "; \
   $(call $(TIMEFUN),$(TIMECMD),$(2) ./$(1) $(if $(5),,-no-vis )$(4) \
     > $(1).stderr 2>&1); \
-   err="$$3"; \
-   if [ "$$3" = 0 ]; then $(PRINT_OK); \
-   else if [ "$$3" = 255 ]; then $(PRINT_SKIP); err=0; \
-   else $(PRINT_FAILED); cat $(1).stderr; fi; fi; \
-   rm -f $(1).stderr; exit $$err
+   if [ "$$3" = 0 ]; \
+   then $(PRINT_OK); else $(PRINT_FAILED); cat $(1).stderr; fi; \
+   rm -f $(1).stderr; exit $$3

 # Test runs of the examples/miniapps - check exit code and if a file exists
-# See mfem-test for the interpretation of the error code
 mfem-test-file = \
   printf "   $(3) [$(2) $(1) ... ]: "; \
   $(call $(TIMEFUN),$(TIMECMD),$(2) ./$(1) -no-vis > $(1).stderr 2>&1); \
   err="$$3"; \
-   if [ "$$3" = 0 ] && [ -e $(4) ]; then $(PRINT_OK); \
-   else if [ "$$3" = 255 ] && [ -e $(4) ]; then $(PRINT_SKIP); err=0; \
-   else $(PRINT_FAILED); cat $(1).stderr; err=64; fi; fi; \
+   if [ "$$3" = 0 ] && [ -e $(4) ]; \
+   then $(PRINT_OK); else $(PRINT_FAILED); cat $(1).stderr; err=64; fi; \
   rm -f $(1).stderr; exit $$err

 .PHONY: test test-par-YES test-par-NO test-ser test-par test-clean test-print
@@ -85,26 +80,6 @@ mfem-test-file = \
 # What sets of tests to run in serial and parallel
 test-par-YES: $(PAR_$(MFEM_TESTS):=-test-par) $(SEQ_$(MFEM_TESTS):=-test-seq)
 test-par-NO:  $(SEQ_$(MFEM_TESTS):=-test-seq)
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_CUDA),YES)
-.PHONY: test-par-YES-cuda test-par-NO-cuda test-ser-cuda test-par-cuda test-cuda
-test-par-YES: test-par-YES-cuda
-test-par-NO:  test-par-NO-cuda
-test-par-YES-cuda: test-par-cuda test-ser-cuda
-test-par-NO-cuda:  test-ser-cuda
-test-ser-cuda: $(SEQ_DEVICE_$(MFEM_TESTS):=-test-seq-cuda)
-test-par-cuda: $(PAR_DEVICE_$(MFEM_TESTS):=-test-par-cuda)
-test-cuda: test-par-$(MFEM_USE_MPI)-cuda clean-exec
-endif
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_HIP),YES)
-.PHONY: test-par-YES-hip test-par-NO-hip test-ser-hip test-par-hip test-hip
-test-par-YES: test-par-YES-hip
-test-par-NO:  test-par-NO-hip
-test-par-YES-hip: test-par-hip test-ser-hip
-test-par-NO-hip:  test-ser-hip
-test-ser-hip: $(SEQ_DEVICE_$(MFEM_TESTS):=-test-seq-hip)
-test-par-hip: $(PAR_DEVICE_$(MFEM_TESTS):=-test-par-hip)
-test-hip: test-par-$(MFEM_USE_MPI)-hip clean-exec
-endif
 test-ser:     test-par-NO
 test-par:     test-par-YES
 test:         all test-par-$(MFEM_USE_MPI) clean-exec
@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-FMS: 100
-DataCollection/Name: star
-DataCollection/NumberOfFieldDescriptors: 1
-DataCollection/FieldDescriptors/0/Name: CoordsDescriptor
-DataCollection/FieldDescriptors/0/ComponentName: volume
-DataCollection/FieldDescriptors/0/Type: 0
-DataCollection/FieldDescriptors/0/FixedOrder/Size: 3
-DataCollection/FieldDescriptors/0/FixedOrder/Type: FMS_UINT64
-DataCollection/FieldDescriptors/0/FixedOrder/Values: [0, 1, 3]
-DataCollection/FieldDescriptors/0/NumDofs: 211
-DataCollection/NumberOfFields: 1
-DataCollection/Fields/0/Name: Coords
-DataCollection/Fields/0/LayoutType: 0
-DataCollection/Fields/0/NumberOfVectorComponents: 2
-DataCollection/Fields/0/FieldDescriptorName: CoordsDescriptor
-DataCollection/Fields/0/Data/Size: 422
-DataCollection/Fields/0/Data/Type: FMS_DOUBLE
-DataCollection/Fields/0/Data/Values: [-0.016886, 1.000000, 0.309017, 
-1.309020, -0.809017, -0.500000, 
-0.809017, -1.618030, 0.309017, 
-0.500000, 1.309020, 0.519420, 
-1.154510, 0.809019, 0.147680, 
-0.095492, -0.654508, -0.415586, 
-1.213520, -1.213520, -0.392210, 
-0.654508, -0.095492, 0.139949, 
-0.809019, 1.154510, 0.660184, 
-0.264063, -0.800064, -0.231060, 
-0.663691, 0.183114, 0.317639, 
-0.543082, 0.598483, 0.345112, 
-0.478298, 0.027703, 0.095229, 
-0.012368, -0.092534, -0.334412, 
-0.313767, -0.140526, -0.293881, 
-0.534056, -0.660290, -0.537646, 
-0.655590, -0.121396, -0.274504, 
-0.346497, -0.296570, 0.004737, 
-0.098835, 0.069287, 0.082675, 
-0.318799, 0.467183, 0.564505, 
-0.595190, 0.846237, 0.671735, 
-1.051500, 1.103010, 0.964008, 
-0.821603, 1.257520, 1.206010, 
-1.142350, 0.975686, 0.781273, 
-0.717257, 0.475684, 0.642352, 
-0.268930, 0.211049, 0.174181, 
-0.039345, -0.147746, -0.177481, 
-0.365164, -0.230328, -0.551503, 
-0.603005, -0.497587, -0.389864, 
-0.757514, -0.706011, -0.675487, 
-0.528946, -0.943851, -1.078690, 
-1.087600, -0.955467, -1.483190, 
-1.348360, -1.483190, -1.348360, 
-1.085930, -0.938010, -0.943851, 
-1.078690, -0.681476, -0.540944, 
-0.757514, -0.706011, -0.540614, 
-0.367058, -0.551503, -0.603005, 
-0.365164, -0.230328, -0.138552, 
-0.206896, 0.174181, 0.039345, 
-0.268468, 0.222269, 0.475684, 
-0.642352, 0.759791, 0.719381, 
-1.142350, 0.975686, 1.257520, 
-1.206010, 0.972837, 0.836119, 
-1.051500, 1.103010, 0.214572, 
-0.407449, 0.288323, 0.449827, 
-0.086700, -0.027358, -0.200560, 
-0.166595, -0.271802, -0.418426, 
-0.426131, -0.551441, -0.096117, 
-0.206969, -0.027946, -0.184969, 
-0.211136, 0.260131, 0.407172, 
-0.430781, 0.718277, 0.885068, 
-0.753103, 0.957692, 0.866273, 
-1.024530, 0.934099, 1.093820, 
-0.348422, 0.524463, 0.404903, 
-0.587376, 0.054525, 0.146431, 
-0.078026, -0.007795, -0.329488, 
-0.302967, -0.488115, -0.439332, 
-0.498515, -0.453527, -0.633059, 
-0.570251, -0.655787, -0.791132, 
-0.802013, -0.956872, -1.094720, 
-1.208560, -1.207720, -1.339910, 
-0.693371, -0.795404, -0.803594, 
-0.945068, -0.464668, -0.631721, 
-0.458968, -0.547876, -0.332878, 
-0.485696, -0.286385, -0.408481, 
-0.053021, -0.058200, 0.110846, 
-0.002086, 0.381384, 0.416784, 
-0.551133, 0.613261, 0.872474, 
-0.901208, 1.038300, 1.084660, 
-0.737459, 0.751250, 0.890002, 
-0.915210, 0.010915, 0.000000, 
-0.951057, 0.951057, 0.587785, 
-1.538840, -0.587785, 0.000000, 
-0.951057, -1.538840, -0.951057, 
-0.015847, 0.475529, 0.951057, 
-0.492248, 1.244950, 1.063310, 
-0.274399, 0.293893, -0.293892, 
-0.296404, -1.063310, -1.244950, 
-0.453865, -0.951057, -0.475529, 
-0.466620, 0.792932, -0.013913, 
-0.748783, -0.497528, 0.021382, 
-0.017158, 0.172591, 0.330125, 
-0.458568, 0.457971, 0.137740, 
-0.299049, 0.588394, 0.667324, 
-0.432341, 0.634346, 0.117322, 
-0.193603, 0.211702, 0.098278, 
-0.199438, -0.077304, -0.082243, 
-0.216296, -0.458634, -0.592374, 
-0.563926, -0.680404, -0.135751, 
-0.302942, -0.469005, -0.453640, 
-0.182727, -0.314240, 0.024270, 
-0.021546, 0.158510, 0.317019, 
-0.485799, 0.492951, 0.792548, 
-0.634038, 0.951057, 0.951057, 
-0.777915, 0.613430, 0.951057, 
-0.951057, 0.793994, 0.635800, 
-1.049020, 1.146990, 1.084480, 
-0.924310, 1.440880, 1.342910, 
-1.380330, 1.221820, 0.948209, 
-0.856297, 0.746293, 0.904802, 
-0.476242, 0.393234, 0.489821, 
-0.391857, 0.194471, 0.075751, 
-0.097964, 0.195929, -0.097964, 
-0.195928, -0.173234, -0.078922, 
-0.489821, -0.391856, -0.467007, 
-0.397859, -0.746293, -0.904802, 
-0.945206, -0.849559, -1.380330, 
-1.221820, -1.440880, -1.342910, 
-1.100830, -0.923191, -1.049020, 
-1.146990, -0.774515, -0.621542, 
-0.951057, -0.951057, -0.803055, 
-0.635255, -0.951057, -0.951057, 
-0.792548, -0.634038, -0.454301, 
-0.479369, -0.158510, -0.317019, 
-0.149331, 0.178643, 0.295860, 
-0.306275, 0.246225, 0.406610, 
-0.367954, 0.498458, -0.014929, 
-0.084917, -0.094272, -0.000726, 
-0.245374, -0.340755, -0.435351, 
-0.490564, -0.176355, -0.294974, 
-0.148010, -0.328246, 0.136248, 
-0.182883, 0.328957, 0.309903, 
-0.646446, 0.622546, 0.800859, 
-0.801803, 0.643087, 0.654473, 
-0.796963, 0.816799, 0.748189, 
-0.898148, 0.819092, 0.970033, 
-1.049540, 1.162660, 1.115310, 
-1.266700, 0.539960, 0.728396, 
-0.656318, 0.783152, 0.302716, 
-0.403858, 0.219006, 0.309252, 
-0.009667, 0.107161, -0.118211, 
-0.011786, -0.284704, -0.179858, 
-0.411567, -0.296676, -0.570168, 
-0.635348, -0.726784, -0.793211, 
-1.016860, -1.112970, -1.170910, 
-1.281530, -0.737860, -0.851723, 
-0.883732, -0.995070, -0.653153, 
-0.769939, -0.631918, -0.797688, 
-0.616289, -0.806819, -0.638485, 
-0.790356, -0.136399, -0.322769, 
-0.165339, -0.309622]
-DataCollection/Mesh/PartitionInfo/Size: 2
-DataCollection/Mesh/PartitionInfo/Type: FMS_UINT64
-DataCollection/Mesh/PartitionInfo/Values: [0, 1]
-DataCollection/Mesh/NumDomainNames: 1
-DataCollection/Mesh/NumComponents: 1
-DataCollection/Mesh/NumTags: 0
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Name: Domain
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/NumDomains: 1
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Dimension: 2
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/NumVertices: 31
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/0/EntityType: FMS_EDGE
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/0/NumEntities: 50
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/0/Size: 100
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/0/Type: FMS_INT32
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/0/Values: [11, 0, 26, 
-11, 26, 14, 
-14, 0, 27, 
-14, 27, 17, 
-17, 0, 28, 
-17, 28, 20, 
-20, 0, 29, 
-20, 29, 23, 
-23, 0, 30, 
-23, 30, 11, 
-11, 1, 12, 
-1, 26, 12, 
-12, 3, 13, 
-3, 26, 13, 
-13, 2, 14, 
-2, 15, 2, 
-27, 15, 15, 
-5, 16, 5, 
-27, 16, 16, 
-4, 17, 4, 
-18, 4, 28, 
-18, 18, 7, 
-19, 7, 28, 
-19, 19, 6, 
-20, 6, 21, 
-6, 29, 21, 
-21, 9, 22, 
-9, 29, 22, 
-22, 8, 23, 
-8, 24, 8, 
-30, 24, 24, 
-10, 25, 10, 
-30, 25, 25, 1]
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/1/EntityType: FMS_QUADRILATERAL
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/1/NumEntities: 20
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/1/Size: 80
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/1/Type: FMS_INT32
-DataCollection/Mesh/DomainNames/0/Domains/0/Entities/1/Values: [0, 1, 2, 
-3, 3, 4, 
-5, 6, 6, 
-7, 8, 9, 
-9, 10, 11, 
-12, 12, 13, 
-14, 0, 15, 
-16, 17, 1, 
-17, 18, 19, 
-20, 2, 20, 
-21, 22, 22, 
-23, 24, 4, 
-24, 25, 26, 
-27, 5, 27, 
-28, 29, 29, 
-30, 31, 7, 
-31, 32, 33, 
-34, 8, 34, 
-35, 36, 36, 
-37, 38, 10, 
-38, 39, 40, 
-41, 11, 41, 
-42, 43, 43, 
-44, 45, 13, 
-45, 46, 47, 
-48, 14, 48, 
-49, 15]
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/Name: volume
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/Dimension: 2
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/NumEntities: 20
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/Coordinates: Coords
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/NumParts: 1
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/Parts/0/DomainName: Domain
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/Parts/0/DomainID: 0
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/Parts/0/FullDomain: Yes
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/Relations/Size: 0
-DataCollection/Mesh/Components/0/Relations/Type: FMS_UINT64
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = "MFEM"
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.

-PROJECT_NUMBER         = v4.3.1
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = v4.2.1

 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
@@ -84,9 +84,8 @@ foreach(SRC_FILE ${ALL_EXE_SRCS})
  get_filename_component(SRC_FILENAME ${SRC_FILE} NAME)
  string(REPLACE ".cpp" "" TEST_NAME ${SRC_FILENAME})

-  set(THIS_TEST_OPTIONS "-no-vis")
-  if (${TEST_NAME} MATCHES "ex0p?")
-    set(THIS_TEST_OPTIONS)
+  if (NOT (${TEST_NAME} MATCHES "ex0p?"))
+    set(THIS_TEST_OPTIONS "-no-vis")
  endif()
  if (${TEST_NAME} MATCHES "ex10p*")
    list(APPEND THIS_TEST_OPTIONS "-tf" "5")
@@ -108,34 +107,6 @@ foreach(SRC_FILE ${ALL_EXE_SRCS})
  endif()
 endforeach()

-# Add CUDA/HIP tests.
-set(DEVICE_EXAMPLES
-    # serial examples with device support:
-    ex1 ex3 ex4 ex5 ex6 ex9 ex22 ex24 ex25 ex26
-    # parallel examples with device support:
-    ex1p ex2p ex3p ex4p ex5p ex6p ex7p ex9p ex13p ex22p ex24p ex25p ex26p)
-set(MFEM_TEST_DEVICE)
-if (MFEM_USE_CUDA)
-  set(MFEM_TEST_DEVICE "cuda")
-elseif (MFEM_USE_HIP)
-  set(MFEM_TEST_DEVICE "hip")
-endif()
-if (MFEM_TEST_DEVICE)
-  foreach(TEST_NAME ${DEVICE_EXAMPLES})
-    set(THIS_TEST_OPTIONS "-no-vis" "-d" "${MFEM_TEST_DEVICE}")
-    if (NOT (${TEST_NAME} MATCHES ".*p$"))
-      add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME}_${MFEM_TEST_DEVICE}_ser
-        COMMAND ${TEST_NAME} ${THIS_TEST_OPTIONS})
-    elseif (MFEM_USE_MPI)
-      add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME}_${MFEM_TEST_DEVICE}_np=${MFEM_MPI_NP}
-        COMMAND ${MPIEXEC} ${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG} ${MFEM_MPI_NP}
-        ${MPIEXEC_PREFLAGS}
-        $<TARGET_FILE:${TEST_NAME}> ${THIS_TEST_OPTIONS}
-        ${MPIEXEC_POSTFLAGS})
-    endif()
-  endforeach()
-endif()
-
 # If STRUMPACK is enabled, add a test run that uses it.
 if (MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)
  add_test(NAME ex11p_strumpack_np=${MFEM_MPI_NP}
@@ -159,11 +130,6 @@ if (MFEM_USE_AMGX)
  add_subdirectory(amgx)
 endif()

-# Include the examples/epic directory if EPIC is enabled.
-if (MFEM_USE_EPIC)
-  add_subdirectory(epic)
-endif()
-
 # Include the examples/ginkgo directory if GINKGO is enabled.
 if (MFEM_USE_GINKGO)
  add_subdirectory(ginkgo)
@@ -12,30 +12,50 @@
 # Use the MFEM build directory
 MFEM_DIR ?= ../..
 MFEM_BUILD_DIR ?= ../..
+SRC = $(if $(MFEM_DIR:../..=),$(MFEM_DIR)/examples/MeshPart/,)
 CONFIG_MK = $(MFEM_BUILD_DIR)/config/config.mk

-TESTS = dangling-aliases
-
 MFEM_LIB_FILE = mfem_is_not_built
 -include $(CONFIG_MK)

+SEQ_EXAMPLES = test_mesh_partition
+PAR_EXAMPLES =
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),NO)
+   EXAMPLES = $(SEQ_EXAMPLES)
+else
+   EXAMPLES = $(PAR_EXAMPLES) $(SEQ_EXAMPLES)
+endif
+
 .SUFFIXES:
-.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp
+.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp .mk
 .PHONY: all clean
+.PRECIOUS: %.o

-# Remove built-in rule
+COMMON_O= mesh_partition.o
+
+# Remove built-in rules
 %: %.cpp
+%.o: %.cpp

-# Replace the default implicit rule for *.cpp files
-%: $(SRC)%.cpp $(MFEM_LIB_FILE) $(CONFIG_MK)
-	$(MFEM_CXX) $(MFEM_FLAGS) $< -o $@ $(MFEM_LIBS)
+all: $(EXAMPLES)

-all: $(TESTS)
+# Rules for building the EXAMPLES
+
+%: $(SRC)%.cpp $(COMMON_O) $(MFEM_LIB_FILE) $(CONFIG_MK)
+	$(MFEM_CXX) $(MFEM_FLAGS) $< -o $@ $(COMMON_O) $(MFEM_LIBS)
+
+# Rules for compiling miniapp dependencies
+$(COMMON_O) $($(EXAMPLES)): \
+%.o: $(SRC)%.cpp $(SRC)%.hpp $(CONFIG_MK)
+	$(MFEM_CXX) $(MFEM_FLAGS) -c $(<) -o $(@)

 # Generate an error message if the MFEM library is not built and exit
 $(MFEM_LIB_FILE):
 	$(error The MFEM library is not built)

 clean:
-	rm -f *.o *~ $(TESTS)
+	rm -f *.o *~ $(SEQ_EXAMPLES) $(PAR_EXAMPLES)
 	rm -rf *.dSYM *.TVD.*breakpoints
+	rm output/*
+
+
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+
+#include "mesh_partition.hpp"
+
+
+Subdomain::Subdomain(const Mesh & mesh0_) 
+: mesh0(&mesh0_), dim(mesh0->Dimension()), sdim(mesh0->SpaceDimension()) 
+{ 
+   // MFEM_VERIFY(dim == 3, "Only 3D domains for now are supported");
+   if(mesh0->NURBSext)
+   {
+      MFEM_ABORT("Nurbs meshes are not supported yet");
+   }
+}
+
+void Subdomain::BuildSubMesh(const Array<int> & elems, const entity_type & etype)
+{
+   // if mesh nodes are defined we use them for the vertices
+   // otherwise we use the vertices them selfs
+   cout << "entity type " << etype << endl;
+
+   int nv = mesh0->GetNV();
+   int subelems = elems.Size();
+   Array<int> vmarker(nv); vmarker = 0;
+   int numvertices = 0;
+   for (int ie = 0; ie<subelems; ie++)
+   {
+      int el = elems[ie];
+      Array<int> vertices;
+      switch (etype)
+      {
+      case 0: mesh0->GetElementVertices(el,vertices); break;
+      case 1: mesh0->GetFaceVertices(el,vertices); break;
+      default:
+         MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type choice");
+         break;
+      }
+      for (int iv=0; iv<vertices.Size(); iv++)
+      {
+         int v = vertices[iv];
+         if (vmarker[v]) continue;
+         vmarker[v] = 1;
+         numvertices++;
+      }
+   }
+   cout << "Num of new vertices: " << numvertices << endl;
+
+   // Construct new mesh
+   Mesh * meshptr = nullptr;
+   switch (etype)
+   {
+   case 0: 
+      mesh = new Mesh(dim,numvertices, subelems); 
+      element_map = elems;
+      meshptr = mesh;
+      break;
+   case 1: 
+      surface_mesh = new Mesh(dim-1,numvertices, subelems,0,sdim);
+      surface_element_map = elems;
+      meshptr = surface_mesh;
+      break;
+      default:
+         MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type choice");
+         break;
+   }
+
+   Vector values;
+   const GridFunction * nodes0 = mesh0->GetNodes();
+   int vk = 0;
+   // if (nodes0) // this is NOT NEEDED here
+   // {
+   //    vcoords.SetSize(sdim, mesh0->GetNV());
+   //    for (int i = 0; i< sdim; i++)
+   //    {
+   //       nodes0->GetNodalValues(values,i+1);
+   //       vcoords.SetRow(i,values);
+   //       cout << "values size = " << values.Size() << endl;
+   //    }
+   //    for (int iv = 0; iv<mesh0->GetNV(); ++iv)
+   //    {
+   //       if (!vmarker[iv]) continue;
+   //       meshptr->AddVertex(vcoords.GetColumn(iv));
+   //       vmarker[iv] = ++vk;
+   //    }
+   // }
+   // else
+   {
+      for (int iv = 0; iv<mesh0->GetNV(); ++iv)
+      {
+         if (!vmarker[iv]) continue;
+         meshptr->AddVertex(mesh0->GetVertex(iv));
+         vmarker[iv] = ++vk;
+      }
+   }
+   // Add elements
+   for (int ie = 0; ie<subelems; ie++)
+   {
+      const Element * el = nullptr;
+      switch (etype)
+      {
+         case 0: el = mesh0->GetElement(elems[ie]); break;
+         case 1: el = mesh0->GetFace(elems[ie]); break;
+         default: MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type choice"); break;
+      }
+      Element * nel = meshptr->NewElement(el->GetGeometryType());
+      int nv0 = el->GetNVertices();
+      const int * v0 = el->GetVertices();
+      Array<int> v1(nv0);
+      for (int i=0; i<nv0; i++)
+      {
+         v1[i] = vmarker[v0[i]]-1;
+      }   
+      nel->SetVertices(v1.GetData());
+      meshptr->AddElement(nel);
+   }
+
+   meshptr->FinalizeTopology();
+   
+   if (nodes0)
+   {
+      cout << "nodes not null" << endl;
+      // Extract Nodes GridFunction and determine its type
+      const FiniteElementSpace * fes0 = nodes0->FESpace();
+
+      Ordering::Type ordering = fes0->GetOrdering();
+      int order = fes0->FEColl()->GetOrder();
+      bool discont = fes0->IsDGSpace();   
+
+      cout << "discont = " << discont << endl;
+      // Set curvature of the same type as original mesh
+      meshptr->SetCurvature(order, discont, sdim, ordering);
+
+      const FiniteElementSpace * fes1 = meshptr->GetNodalFESpace();
+      GridFunction * nodes = meshptr->GetNodes();
+
+      Array<int> vdofs0;
+      Array<int> vdofs;
+      Vector loc_vec;
+      
+      // Copy nodes to submesh
+      for (int e = 0; e < elems.Size(); e++)
+      {
+         fes1->GetElementVDofs(e, vdofs);
+         switch (etype)
+         {
+         case 0: 
+            fes0->GetElementVDofs(elems[e], vdofs0); 
+            nodes0->GetSubVector(vdofs0, loc_vec);
+            break;
+         case 1: 
+            if (!discont)
+            {
+               fes0->GetFaceVDofs(elems[e], vdofs0); 
+               nodes0->GetSubVector(vdofs0, loc_vec);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               const FiniteElement * el = fes1->GetFE(e);
+               const IntegrationRule & ir = el->GetNodes(); 
+               int np = ir.GetNPoints();
+               FaceElementTransformations * Tr = 
+                  const_cast<Mesh *>(mesh0)->GetFaceElementTransformations(elems[e]);
+               int el1 = Tr->Elem1No;
+               loc_vec.SetSize(vdofs.Size());
+               for (int i = 0; i<np; i++)
+               {
+                  Tr->SetAllIntPoints(&ir[i]);
+                  const IntegrationPoint & ip = Tr->GetElement1IntPoint();
+                  Vector val;
+                  nodes0->GetVectorValue(el1,ip,val);
+                  for (int j = 0; j<val.Size(); j++)
+                  {
+                     loc_vec[i+j*np] = val[j];
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            break;
+         default:
+            MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type choice");
+            break;
+         }
+         nodes->SetSubVector(vdofs, loc_vec);
+      }
+   }
+   
+   meshptr->Finalize();
+}
+
+
+void Subdomain::BuildDofMap(const entity_type & etype)
+{
+   Array<int> elems;
+   FiniteElementSpace * fesptr = nullptr;
+   const FiniteElementCollection *fec = fes0->FEColl();
+   switch(etype)
+   {
+   case 0: 
+      fesptr = new FiniteElementSpace(mesh,fec);
+      elems = element_map;
+      break;
+   case 1: 
+      fesptr = new FiniteElementSpace(surface_mesh,fec);
+      elems = surface_element_map;
+      break;
+   default:
+      MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type choice");
+      break;
+   }
+   
+   Array<int> dofs(fesptr->GetVSize());
+   for (int iel = 0; iel<elems.Size(); ++iel)
+   {
+      // index in the global mesh
+      int iel_idx = elems[iel];
+      // get the dofs of this element
+      Array<int> ldofs;
+      Array<int> gdofs;
+      switch(etype)
+      {
+         case 0: fes0->GetElementVDofs(iel_idx,gdofs); break;
+         case 1: fes0->GetFaceVDofs(iel_idx,gdofs); break;
+         default:  MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type");  break;
+      }
+      fesptr->GetElementDofs(iel,ldofs);
+         // the sizes have to match
+      MFEM_VERIFY(gdofs.Size() == ldofs.Size(),
+                  "Size inconsistency");
+     // loop through the dofs and take into account the signs;
+      int ndof = ldofs.Size();
+      for (int i = 0; i<ndof; ++i)
+      {
+         int ldof_ = ldofs[i];
+         int gdof_ = gdofs[i];
+         int ldof = (ldof_ >= 0) ? ldof_ : abs(ldof_) - 1;
+         int gdof = (gdof_ >= 0) ? gdof_ : abs(gdof_) - 1;
+         dofs[ldof] = gdof;
+      }
+   }
+   switch(etype)
+   {
+   case 0: 
+      dof_map = dofs; 
+      fes = fesptr;
+      break;
+   case 1: 
+      surface_dof_map = dofs; 
+      surface_fes = fesptr;
+      break;
+   default:  
+      MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type");  break;
+   }
+}
+
+void Subdomain::BuildProlongationMatrix(const entity_type & etype)
+{
+   Array<int> dofs;
+   SparseMatrix * Ptr = nullptr;
+   switch (etype)
+   {
+   case 0: 
+      if (!dof_map.Size()) BuildDofMap(etype);
+      dofs = dof_map; 
+      Ptr = P;
+      break;
+   case 1: 
+      if (!surface_dof_map.Size()) BuildDofMap(etype);
+      dofs = surface_dof_map; 
+      Ptr = Pf;
+      break;
+   default: 
+      MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type"); 
+      break;
+   }
+
+   int height = fes0->GetVSize();
+   int width = dofs.Size();
+   Ptr = new SparseMatrix(height,width);
+   for (int i = 0; i< dofs.Size(); i++)
+   {
+      int j = dofs[i];
+      Ptr->Set(j,i,1.);
+   }
+   Ptr->Finalize();
+
+   switch (etype)
+   {
+      case 0: P = Ptr; break;
+      case 1: Pf = Ptr; break;
+      default: MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type"); break;
+   }
+
+}
+
+Subdomain::~Subdomain()
+{
+   delete mesh;
+   delete surface_mesh;
+   delete fes; 
+   delete surface_fes;
+   delete P; 
+   delete Pf; 
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "mfem.hpp"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace mfem;
+
+
+class Subdomain
+{
+public:
+   enum entity_type
+   {
+      volume, 
+      surface
+   };
+private:
+   const Mesh *mesh0=nullptr;
+   int dim, sdim;
+   const FiniteElementSpace *fes0=nullptr;
+   DenseMatrix vcoords;
+   Mesh *mesh=nullptr; // Submesh 
+   Mesh *surface_mesh=nullptr; //Surface mesh 
+   FiniteElementSpace *fes=nullptr; // FE Space on the submesh
+   FiniteElementSpace *surface_fes=nullptr; // FE Space on the submesh
+
+   Array<int> element_map, surface_element_map;
+   Array<int> dof_map, surface_dof_map;
+   SparseMatrix * P=nullptr; 
+   SparseMatrix * Pf=nullptr; 
+   void BuildDofMap(const entity_type & etype);
+   void BuildProlongationMatrix(const entity_type & etype);
+   void BuildSubMesh(const Array<int> & elems, const entity_type & etype);
+
+public:
+   Subdomain(const Mesh & mesh_);
+   Mesh * GetSubMesh(const Array<int> & elems)
+   {
+      if(!mesh) BuildSubMesh(elems, entity_type::volume);
+      return mesh; 
+   }
+   Mesh * GetSurfaceMesh(const Array<int> & surface_elems)
+   {
+      if (!surface_mesh) BuildSubMesh(surface_elems, entity_type::surface);
+      return surface_mesh;
+   }
+   void SetFESpace(const FiniteElementSpace & fes0_)
+   {
+      fes0 = &fes0_;
+   }
+   void GetElementMap(Array<int> & element_map_)
+   {
+      element_map_ = element_map;
+   }
+   void GetFaceElementMap(Array<int> & surface_element_map_)
+   {
+      surface_element_map_ = surface_element_map;
+   }
+   void GetDofMap(Array<int> & dof_map_)
+   {
+      if (!dof_map.Size()) BuildDofMap(entity_type::volume);
+      dof_map_ = dof_map;
+   }
+   void GetSurfaceDofMap(Array<int> & surface_dof_map_)
+   {
+      if (!surface_dof_map.Size()) BuildDofMap(entity_type::surface);
+      surface_dof_map_ = surface_dof_map;
+   }
+   SparseMatrix * GetProlonationMatrix()
+   {
+      if (!P) BuildProlongationMatrix(entity_type::volume);
+      return P;
+   }
+   SparseMatrix * GetSurfaceProlonationMatrix()
+   {
+      if (!Pf) BuildProlongationMatrix(entity_type::surface);
+      return Pf;
+   }
+   FiniteElementSpace * GetSubFESpace(const entity_type & etype)
+   {
+      switch (etype)
+      {
+      case 0: 
+         if (!fes)
+         {
+            MFEM_VERIFY(mesh, "Volume mesh not built");
+            BuildDofMap(etype);
+         }
+         return fes; 
+         break;
+      case 1: 
+         if (!surface_fes)
+         {
+            MFEM_VERIFY(surface_mesh, "Surface mesh not built");
+            BuildDofMap(etype);
+         }
+         return surface_fes; 
+         break;
+      default: 
+         MFEM_ABORT("Wrong entity type"); 
+         return nullptr; 
+         break;
+      }
+   }
+   ~Subdomain();
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+
+#include "mfem.hpp"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace mfem;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+   // 1. Parse command line options
+   const char *mesh_file = "../../data/periodic-annulus-sector.msh";
+   int order = 1;
+
+   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
+   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh", "Mesh file to use.");
+   args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order", "Finite element polynomial degree");
+   args.ParseCheck();
+
+   // 2. Read the mesh from the given mesh file, and refine once uniformly.
+   Mesh orig_mesh(mesh_file);
+   orig_mesh.CheckElementOrientation(true);
+   orig_mesh.CheckBdrElementOrientation(true);
+
+   // mesh.EnsureNodes();
+   // mesh.UniformRefinement();
+   // Array<int> elems({1,3,21,10,20,2,0});
+   Array<int> elems({0,1,2,3});
+   // int nel = orig_mesh.GetNE();
+   int nel = elems.Size();
+   // Array<int> elems(nel);
+   // for (int i = 0; i<nel; i++)
+   // {
+      // elems[i] = i;
+   // }
+   // elems.Print();
+
+   Mesh new_mesh = Mesh::ExtractMesh(orig_mesh,elems);
+   new_mesh.CheckElementOrientation(true);
+   new_mesh.CheckBdrElementOrientation(true);
+   {
+      char vishost[] = "localhost";
+      int  visport   = 19916;
+      socketstream mesh0_sock(vishost, visport);
+      mesh0_sock.precision(8);
+      mesh0_sock << "mesh\n" << orig_mesh << "keys n \n" << flush;
+
+      socketstream mesh1_sock(vishost, visport);
+      mesh1_sock.precision(8);
+      mesh1_sock << "mesh\n" << new_mesh << "keys n \n" << flush;
+   }
+
+   Array<int> faces;
+   for (int i = 0; i<orig_mesh.GetNBE(); i++)
+   {
+      if (orig_mesh.GetBdrAttribute(i) >= 1)
+         faces.Append(orig_mesh.GetBdrFace(i));
+   }
+      // faces.Append(orig_mesh.GetBdrFace(1));
+      // faces.Append(orig_mesh.GetBdrFace(2));
+
+   Mesh surface_mesh = Mesh::ExtractSurfaceMesh(orig_mesh,faces);
+   surface_mesh.CheckElementOrientation(true);
+   surface_mesh.CheckBdrElementOrientation(true);
+
+   surface_mesh.Print();
+
+   if (surface_mesh.Dimension() > 1)
+   {
+      char vishost[] = "localhost";
+      int  visport   = 19916;
+
+      socketstream mesh2_sock(vishost, visport);
+      mesh2_sock.precision(8);
+      mesh2_sock << "mesh\n" << surface_mesh << "keys n \n" << flush;
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      ParaViewDataCollection paraview_dc("surf_mesh", &surface_mesh);
+      paraview_dc.SetPrefixPath("ParaView");
+      paraview_dc.SetLevelsOfDetail(3);
+      paraview_dc.SetCycle(0);
+      paraview_dc.SetDataFormat(VTKFormat::BINARY);
+      paraview_dc.SetHighOrderOutput(true);
+      paraview_dc.SetTime(0.0); // set the time
+      H1_FECollection fec(order,surface_mesh.Dimension());
+      FiniteElementSpace fespace(&surface_mesh,&fec);
+      GridFunction gf(&fespace);
+      gf.Randomize();
+      paraview_dc.RegisterField("solution",&gf);
+      paraview_dc.Save();
+   }
+
+   return 0;
+}
+
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+
+#include "mfem.hpp"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "mesh_partition.hpp"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace mfem;
+
+double sin_func(const Vector & x);
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+   // 1. Parse command line options
+   const char *mesh_file = "../../data/periodic-annulus-sector.msh";
+   int order = 1;
+
+   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
+   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh", "Mesh file to use.");
+   args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order", "Finite element polynomial degree");
+   args.ParseCheck();
+
+   // 2. Read the mesh from the given mesh file, and refine once uniformly.
+   Mesh mesh(mesh_file);
+   // mesh.EnsureNodes();
+   // mesh.UniformRefinement();
+   // Array<int> elems0({0,1,2,3});
+   int nel = mesh.GetNE();
+   // int nel = 5;
+   Array<int> elems0(nel/2);
+   for (int i = 0; i<nel/2; i++)
+   {
+      elems0[i] = i;
+   }
+   elems0.Print();
+   // elems0.Append(24);
+   // elems0.Append(23);
+   // elems0.Append(26);
+   Subdomain subdomain0(mesh);
+
+   Mesh * submesh = subdomain0.GetSubMesh(elems0);
+
+
+   // cout << "number of boundary elements = " << mesh.GetNBE() << endl;
+   Array<int> faces(mesh.GetNBE()/2);
+   for (int i = 0; i<mesh.GetNBE()/2; i++)
+   {
+      faces[i] = mesh.GetBdrFace(i);
+   }
+   
+   Mesh * surfmesh = subdomain0.GetSurfaceMesh(faces);
+
+   H1_FECollection fec(order, mesh.Dimension());
+   FiniteElementSpace fespace(&mesh, &fec);
+   FunctionCoefficient coeff(sin_func);
+   GridFunction gf(&fespace);
+   gf.ProjectCoefficient(coeff);
+   {
+      char vishost[] = "localhost";
+      int  visport   = 19916;
+      socketstream mesh_sock(vishost, visport);
+      mesh_sock.precision(8);
+      // mesh_sock << "mesh\n" << mesh << "keys n \n" << flush;
+      mesh_sock << "solution\n" << mesh << gf <<  "keys jnmR \n" 
+      << "valuerange 0 1.0 \n" << flush;
+         // << flush;
+   }
+
+   subdomain0.SetFESpace(fespace);
+
+   SparseMatrix * P = subdomain0.GetProlonationMatrix();
+   FiniteElementSpace * elem_fes = 
+               subdomain0.GetSubFESpace(Subdomain::entity_type::volume);
+   GridFunction gf_e(elem_fes);
+   cout << "Size P = " << P->Height() << " x " << P->Width() << endl;
+   cout << "gf_e.Size = " << gf_e.Size() << endl;
+   cout << "gf.Size = " << gf.Size() << endl;
+   P->MultTranspose(gf,gf_e);
+
+   SparseMatrix * Pb = subdomain0.GetSurfaceProlonationMatrix();
+   FiniteElementSpace * bdr_elem_fes = 
+               subdomain0.GetSubFESpace(Subdomain::entity_type::surface);
+   GridFunction gf_b(bdr_elem_fes);
+   Pb->MultTranspose(gf,gf_b);
+
+   {
+      char vishost[] = "localhost";
+      int  visport   = 19916;
+      if (submesh)
+      {
+         socketstream mesh0_sock(vishost, visport);
+         mesh0_sock.precision(8);
+         // mesh0_sock << "mesh\n" << *submesh << "keys n \n" << flush;
+         mesh0_sock << "solution\n" << *submesh << gf_e << "keys nmR \n"
+         << "valuerange 0 1.0 \n" << flush;
+         // << flush;
+      }
+      if (surfmesh && mesh.Dimension() == 3)
+      {
+         socketstream mesh1_sock(vishost, visport);
+         mesh1_sock.precision(8);
+         // mesh1_sock << "mesh\n" << *bdrmesh0 << "keys n \n" << flush;
+         mesh1_sock << "solution\n" << *surfmesh << gf_b
+         << "valuerange 0 1.0 \n" << flush;
+         // << flush;
+      }
+   }
+
+   // ParaViewDataCollection paraview_dc("mesh_partition", surfmesh);
+   // paraview_dc.SetPrefixPath("ParaView");
+   // const FiniteElementSpace * fes_ = surfmesh->GetNodalFESpace();
+   // int ord = (fes_) ? fes_->GetOrder(0) : order;
+   // paraview_dc.SetLevelsOfDetail(ord);
+   // paraview_dc.SetCycle(0);
+   // paraview_dc.SetDataFormat(VTKFormat::BINARY);
+   // paraview_dc.SetHighOrderOutput(true);
+   // paraview_dc.SetTime(0.0); // set the time
+   // paraview_dc.RegisterField("solution",&gf_b);
+   // paraview_dc.Save();
+
+
+
+   // // ---------------------------------------------------------
+   // FiniteElementCollection *fec1 = new H1_FECollection(order, submesh->Dimension());
+   // FiniteElementSpace fespace1(submesh, fec1);
+   // Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
+   // if (submesh->bdr_attributes.Size())
+   // {
+   //    Array<int> ess_bdr(mesh.bdr_attributes.Max());
+   //    ess_bdr = 1;
+   //    fespace1.GetEssentialTrueDofs(ess_bdr, ess_tdof_list);
+   // }
+
+   // LinearForm b(&fespace1);
+   // ConstantCoefficient one(1.0);
+   // b.AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(one));
+   // b.Assemble();
+
+   // GridFunction x(&fespace1);
+   // x = 0.0;
+
+   // // 9. Set up the bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
+   // //    corresponding to the Laplacian operator -Delta, by adding the Diffusion
+   // //    domain integrator.
+   // BilinearForm a(&fespace1);
+   // a.AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));
+   // a.Assemble();
+   // OperatorPtr A;
+   // Vector B, X;
+   // a.FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, b, A, X, B);
+   // cout << "Size of linear system: " << A->Height() << endl;
+   // // Use a simple symmetric Gauss-Seidel preconditioner with PCG.
+   // GSSmoother M((SparseMatrix&)(*A));
+   // PCG(*A, M, B, X, 1, 200, 1e-12, 0.0);
+   // // 12. Recover the solution as a finite element grid function.
+   // a.RecoverFEMSolution(X, b, x);
+   // {
+   //    char vishost[] = "localhost";
+   //    int  visport   = 19916;
+   //    socketstream sol_sock2(vishost, visport);
+   //    sol_sock2.precision(8);
+   //    sol_sock2 << "solution\n" << *submesh << x << flush;
+   // }
+
+   return 0;
+}
+
+double sin_func(const Vector & x)
+{
+   Vector c(x.Size());
+   c.Randomize();
+   // double dotp = c*x;
+   // return (sin(10.0*M_PI*dotp));
+   // return sin(2.*M_PI*x[0]);
+   // return 1.-x[1]*x[1]/4.0;
+   // return (0.5-x[1])*(0.5-x[1]);
+   return x[1];
+   // double r = sqrt(x[0]*x[0] + x[1]*x[1] + x[2]*x[2]);
+   // return r;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+
+#include "mfem.hpp"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include "mesh_partition.hpp"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace mfem;
+
+double sin_func(const Vector & x);
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+   // 1. Parse command line options
+   const char *mesh_file = "../data/star.mesh";
+   int order = 1;
+
+   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
+   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh", "Mesh file to use.");
+   args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order", "Finite element polynomial degree");
+   args.ParseCheck();
+
+   // 2. Read the mesh from the given mesh file, and refine once uniformly.
+   Mesh mesh(mesh_file);
+   // mesh.Print(cout);
+   mesh.UniformRefinement();
+
+   // mesh.EnsureNodes();
+   // Array<int> elems0({0,4,8,12,16});
+   // Array<int> elems0({0,4,8,12,16});
+   // Array<int> elems0({6,7,8});
+   Array<int> elems0({0,1,2,3,4});
+   // Array<int> elems0({7,6,17,20,21,22});
+   // Array<int> elems0({0,1,2,3,4});
+   // Array<int> elems0({104,103,86,109});
+   // elems0.Print(cout, elems0.Size());
+   Subdomain subdomain0(mesh);
+   Mesh * submesh0 = subdomain0.GetSubMesh(elems0);
+
+   // Array<int> bdrelems0({8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23});
+   cout << "number of boundary elements = " << mesh.GetNBE() << endl;
+   Array<int> bdrelems0({0,1});
+   Array<int> faces(bdrelems0.Size());
+   for (int i = 0; i<bdrelems0.Size(); i++)
+   {
+      faces[i] = mesh.GetBdrFace(bdrelems0[i]);
+   }
+   Mesh * surfmesh0 = subdomain0.GetSurfaceMesh(faces);
+
+   H1_FECollection fec(order, mesh.Dimension());
+   FiniteElementSpace fespace(&mesh, &fec);
+   FunctionCoefficient coeff(sin_func);
+   GridFunction gf(&fespace);
+   gf.ProjectCoefficient(coeff);
+   {
+      char vishost[] = "localhost";
+      int  visport   = 19916;
+      socketstream mesh_sock(vishost, visport);
+      mesh_sock.precision(8);
+      mesh_sock << "solution\n" << mesh << gf 
+      << "valuerange -1.0 1.0 \n" << flush;
+   }
+
+   subdomain0.SetFESpace(fespace);
+
+   SparseMatrix * P = subdomain0.GetProlonationMatrix();
+   FiniteElementSpace * elem_fes = 
+               subdomain0.GetSubFESpace(Subdomain::entity_type::volume);
+   GridFunction gf_e(elem_fes);
+   P->MultTranspose(gf,gf_e);
+
+   SparseMatrix * Pf = subdomain0.GetSurfaceProlonationMatrix();
+   FiniteElementSpace * face_elem_fes = 
+               subdomain0.GetSubFESpace(Subdomain::entity_type::surface);
+   GridFunction gf_f(face_elem_fes);
+   Pf->MultTranspose(gf,gf_f);
+   {
+      char vishost[] = "localhost";
+      int  visport   = 19916;
+      if (submesh0)
+      {
+         socketstream mesh0_sock(vishost, visport);
+         mesh0_sock.precision(8);
+         // mesh0_sock << "mesh\n" << *submesh0 << "keys n \n" << flush;
+         mesh0_sock << "solution\n" << *submesh0 << gf_e 
+         << "valuerange -1.0 1.0 \n" << flush;
+      }
+      if (surfmesh0 && mesh.Dimension()==3)
+      {
+         socketstream mesh1_sock(vishost, visport);
+         mesh1_sock.precision(8);
+         // mesh1_sock << "mesh\n" << *bdrmesh0 << "keys n \n" << flush;
+         mesh1_sock << "solution\n" << *surfmesh0 << gf_f 
+         << "valuerange -1.0 1.0 \n" << flush;
+      }
+   }
+
+   // Array<int> bdr_faces;
+   // for (int i =0; i<mesh.GetNBE(); i++)
+   // {
+   //    int attr = mesh.GetBdrAttribute(i);
+   //    if (attr == 4)
+   //    {
+   //       bdr_faces.Append(mesh.GetBdrFace(i));
+   //    }
+   // }
+
+   // H1_FECollection fec(order, mesh.Dimension());
+   // FiniteElementSpace fespace(&mesh, &fec);
+   // FunctionCoefficient coeff(sin_func);
+   // GridFunction gf(&fespace);
+   // gf.ProjectCoefficient(coeff);
+   // {
+   //    char vishost[] = "localhost";
+   //    int  visport   = 19916;
+   //    socketstream mesh_sock(vishost, visport);
+   //    mesh_sock.precision(8);
+   //    // mesh_sock << "mesh\n" << mesh << "keys n \n" << flush;
+   //    mesh_sock << "solution\n" << mesh << gf << flush; 
+   //    // << "valuerange -5000.0 5000.0 \n" << flush;
+   //    // << "valuerange -1.0 1.0 \n" << flush;
+   // }
+
+   // Subdomain subdomain1(mesh);
+   // subdomain1.SetFESpace(fespace);
+   // Mesh * bdrmesh0 = subdomain1.GetBdrSurfaceMesh(bdr_faces);
+   // SparseMatrix * Pb = subdomain1.GetBdrProlonationMatrix();
+   // FiniteElementSpace * bdr_elem_fes = 
+   //             subdomain1.GetSubFESpace(Subdomain::entity_type::bdr);
+   // GridFunction gf_f(bdr_elem_fes);
+   // Pb->MultTranspose(gf,gf_f);
+
+
+
+   // // gf.Print();
+   // // gf_f.Print();
+   // // bdrmesh0->Print(cout);
+
+   // if (bdrmesh0)
+   // {
+   //    char vishost[] = "localhost";
+   //    int  visport   = 19916;
+   //    socketstream mesh1_sock(vishost, visport);
+   //    mesh1_sock.precision(8);
+   //    // mesh1_sock << "mesh\n" << *bdrmesh0 << "keys n \n" << flush;
+   //    mesh1_sock << "solution\n" << *bdrmesh0 << gf_f << flush;
+   //    // << "valuerange -5000.0 5000.0 \n" << flush;
+   // }
+
+   ParaViewDataCollection paraview_dc("mesh_partition", surfmesh0);
+   paraview_dc.SetPrefixPath("ParaView");
+   const FiniteElementSpace * fes_ = surfmesh0->GetNodalFESpace();
+   int ord = (fes_) ? fes_->GetOrder(0) : order;
+   paraview_dc.SetLevelsOfDetail(5);
+   paraview_dc.SetCycle(0);
+   paraview_dc.SetDataFormat(VTKFormat::BINARY);
+   paraview_dc.SetHighOrderOutput(true);
+   paraview_dc.SetTime(0.0); // set the time
+   paraview_dc.RegisterField("solution",&gf_f);
+   paraview_dc.Save();
+
+
+   return 0;
+}
+
+double sin_func(const Vector & x)
+{
+   Vector c(x.Size());
+   c.Randomize();
+   // double dotp = c*x;
+   double dotp = x.Sum();
+   // return (sin(10.0*M_PI*dotp));
+   // return sin(2.*M_PI*x[0]);
+   // return 1.-x[1]*x[1]/4.0;
+   return (0.5-x[1])*(0.5-x[1]);
+   // double r = sqrt(x[0]*x[0] + x[1]*x[1] + x[2]*x[2]);
+   // return r;
+}
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-                    Finite Element Discretization Library
-                                   __
-                       _ __ ___   / _|  ___  _ __ ___
-                      | '_ ` _ \ | |_  / _ \| '_ ` _ \
-                      | | | | | ||  _||  __/| | | | | |
-                      |_| |_| |_||_|   \___||_| |_| |_|
-
-                               https://mfem.org
-
-This directory contains modifications of the example codes that illustrate the
-use of MFEM features based on the Caliper performance profiling library.
-
-To build these examples, make sure that MFEM is configured with the option
-"MFEM_USE_CALIPER = YES", see the top-level INSTALL file for details (version
-2.5.0 of Caliper is recommended, though older versions may work too).
-
-We recommend comparing the original example codes with the corresponding files
-in the current directory.
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2020, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-set(EPIC_EXAMPLES_SRCS)
-list(APPEND EPIC_EXAMPLES_SRCS
-  ex16.cpp
-  )
-
-if (MFEM_USE_MPI)
-list(APPEND EPIC_EXAMPLES_SRCS
-    ex16p.cpp
-    )
-endif()
-
-# Include the source directory where mfem.hpp and mfem-performance.hpp are.
-include_directories(BEFORE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
-
-# Add "test_epic" target, see below.
-add_custom_target(test_epic
-  ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} -R epic USES_TERMINAL)
-
-# Add one executable per cpp file, adding "epic_" as prefix. Sets
-# "test_epic" as a target that depends on the given examples.
-set(PFX epic_)
-add_mfem_examples(EPIC_EXAMPLES_SRCS ${PFX} "" test_epic)
-
-# Testing.
-# The EPIC tests can be run separately using the target "test_epic"
-# which builds the examples and runs:
-#   ctest -R epic
-
-# Example 16: use the default options
-
-# Add the tests: one test per source file.
-foreach(SRC_FILE ${EPIC_EXAMPLES_SRCS})
-  get_filename_component(SRC_FILENAME ${SRC_FILE} NAME)
-  string(REPLACE ".cpp" "" TEST_NAME ${SRC_FILENAME})
-  string(TOUPPER ${TEST_NAME} UP_TEST_NAME)
-  set(TEST_NAME ${PFX}${TEST_NAME})
-
-  set(THIS_TEST_OPTIONS "-no-vis")
-  list(APPEND THIS_TEST_OPTIONS ${${UP_TEST_NAME}_TEST_OPTS})
-  # message(STATUS "Test ${TEST_NAME} options: ${THIS_TEST_OPTIONS}")
-
-  if (NOT (${TEST_NAME} MATCHES ".*p$"))
-    add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME}_ser
-      COMMAND ${TEST_NAME} ${THIS_TEST_OPTIONS})
-  else()
-    add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME}_np=4
-      COMMAND ${MPIEXEC} ${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG} ${MFEM_MPI_NP}
-      ${MPIEXEC_PREFLAGS}
-      $<TARGET_FILE:${TEST_NAME}> ${THIS_TEST_OPTIONS}
-      ${MPIEXEC_POSTFLAGS})
-  endif()
-endforeach()
-
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-                    Finite Element Discretization Library
-                                   __
-                       _ __ ___   / _|  ___  _ __ ___
-                      | '_ ` _ \ | |_  / _ \| '_ ` _ \
-                      | | | | | ||  _||  __/| | | | | |
-                      |_| |_| |_||_|   \___||_| |_| |_|
-
-                               http://mfem.org
-
-This directory contains modifications of the example codes that illustrate the
-use of MFEM features based on the EPIC suite of time integration.
-
-To build these examples, make sure that MFEM is configured with the option
-"MFEM_USE_EPIC = YES".
-
-We recommend comparing the original example codes with the corresponding files
-in the current directory.
@@ -1,610 +0,0 @@
-//                                MFEM Example 16
-//                               EPIC Modification
-//
-// Compile with: make ex16
-//
-// Sample runs:  ex16
-//               ex16 -m ../../data/inline-tri.mesh
-//               ex16 -m ../../data/disc-nurbs.mesh -tf 2
-//               ex16 -s 8 -a 1.0 -k 0.0 -dt 1e-4 -tf 5e-2 -vs 25
-//               ex16 -m ../../data/fichera-q2.mesh
-//               ex16 -m ../../data/escher.mesh
-//               ex16 -m ../../data/beam-tet.mesh -tf 10 -dt 0.1
-//               ex16 -m ../../data/amr-quad.mesh -o 4 -r 0
-//               ex16 -m ../../data/amr-hex.mesh -o 2 -r 0
-//
-// Description:  This example solves a time dependent nonlinear heat equation
-//               problem of the form du/dt = C(u), with a non-linear diffusion
-//               operator C(u) = \nabla \cdot (\kappa + \alpha u) \nabla u.
-//
-//               We recommend viewing examples 2, 9 and 10 before viewing this
-//               example.
-
-#include "mfem.hpp"
-#include <fstream>
-#include <iostream>
-
-using namespace std;
-using namespace mfem;
-
-class ImplicitSolveOperator;
-class JacobianOperator;
-
-/** After spatial discretization, the conduction model can be written as:
- *
- *     du/dt = M^{-1}(-K(u) u)
- *
- *  where u is the vector representing the temperature, M is the mass matrix,
- *  and K is the diffusion operator with diffusivity depending on u:
- *  (\kappa + \alpha u).
- *
- *  Class ConductionOperator represents the right-hand side of the above ODE.
- */
-class ConductionOperator : public TimeDependentOperator
-{
-protected:
-   FiniteElementSpace &fespace;
-   Array<int> ess_tdof_list; // this list remains empty for pure Neumann b.c.
-
-   BilinearForm *M;
-   mutable BilinearForm *K;
-   mutable BilinearForm *dK;
-   mutable BilinearForm *J_K;
-
-   SparseMatrix Mmat;
-   mutable SparseMatrix J_K_mat;
-
-   mutable CGSolver M_solver; // Krylov solver for inverting the mass matrix M
-   DSmoother M_prec;  // Preconditioner for the mass matrix M
-
-   CGSolver Jg_solver; // Krylov solver for inverting the Jacobian in the nonlinear solve
-   DSmoother Jg_prec;  // Preconditioner for the Jacobian Jg
-
-   NewtonSolver newton_solver;
-   mutable JacobianOperator *jac;
-
-   double alpha, kappa;
-
-   mutable Vector z; // auxiliary vector
-
-   mutable int nRhsMult, nSetJac, nJacMult, nImpSolve, nImpIter, nImpMult, nImpSet;
-
-public:
-   Vector u0;
-
-   ConductionOperator(FiniteElementSpace &f, double alpha, double kappa, const Vector &u);
-
-   void UpdateStats();
-   void PrintStats(ostream& out);
-
-   void ExtractJacobians(const Vector& x, std::ostream &out, std::ostream &out2);
-
-   BilinearForm& GetKLambda(const Vector& u) const;
-   BilinearForm& GetdKLambda(const Vector& u) const;
-
-   virtual void Mult(const Vector &u, Vector &du_dt) const;
-   virtual Operator& GetGradient(const Vector &k) const;
-
-   virtual void ImplicitSolve(const double dt, const Vector &x, Vector &k);
-
-   virtual ~ConductionOperator();
-};
-
-class ImplicitSolveOperator : public Operator
-{
-private:
-   double dt;
-   const Vector* x;
-   ConductionOperator* oper;
-
-   const SparseMatrix* M;
-   mutable SparseMatrix* Jg;
-
-   mutable Vector u, z;
-   mutable int nMult, nSet;
-
-public:
-   ImplicitSolveOperator(ConductionOperator* oper, const SparseMatrix* M, double dt, const Vector* x);
-
-   int GetnMult() { return nMult; }
-   int GetnSet() { return nSet; }
-   virtual void Mult(const Vector &k, Vector &gk) const;
-   virtual Operator &GetGradient(const Vector &k) const;
-};
-
-class JacobianOperator : public Operator
-{
-private:
-   Operator* J;
-   Operator* M_solver;
-
-   mutable int nMult;
-   mutable Vector z;
-public:
-   JacobianOperator(Operator* J, Operator* M_solver);
-
-   int GetnMult() { return nMult; }
-
-   void ExtractJacobian(const Vector& x, std::ostream &out);
-   virtual void Mult(const Vector &k, Vector &gk) const;
-};
-
-double InitialTemperature(const Vector &x);
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-   // 1. Parse command-line options.
-   const char *mesh_file = "../../data/star.mesh";
-   int ref_levels = 2;
-   int order = 2;
-   int ode_solver_type = 8; // Exponential Euler
-   double t_final = 0.5;
-   double dt = 1.0e-2;
-   double alpha = 1.0e-2;
-   double kappa = 0.5;
-   bool visualization = true;
-   bool visit = false;
-   int vis_steps = 5;
-
-   int precision = 8;
-   cout.precision(precision);
-
-   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
-   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
-                  "Mesh file to use.");
-   args.AddOption(&ref_levels, "-r", "--refine",
-                  "Number of times to refine the mesh uniformly.");
-   args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order",
-                  "Order (degree) of the finite elements.");
-   args.AddOption(&ode_solver_type, "-s", "--ode-solver",
-                  "ODE solver:\n\t"
-                  "1  - Forward Euler,\n\t"
-                  "2  - RK2,\n\t"
-                  "3  - RK3 SSP,\n\t"
-                  "4  - RK4,\n\t"
-                  "5  - Backward Euler,\n\t"
-                  "6  - SDIRK 2,\n\t"
-                  "7  - SDIRK 3,\n\t"
-                  "8  - EPIC (exponential euler)\n\t");
-   args.AddOption(&t_final, "-tf", "--t-final",
-                  "Final time; start time is 0.");
-   args.AddOption(&dt, "-dt", "--time-step",
-                  "Time step.");
-   args.AddOption(&alpha, "-a", "--alpha",
-                  "Alpha coefficient.");
-   args.AddOption(&kappa, "-k", "--kappa",
-                  "Kappa coefficient offset.");
-   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
-                  "--no-visualization",
-                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
-   args.AddOption(&visit, "-visit", "--visit-datafiles", "-no-visit",
-                  "--no-visit-datafiles",
-                  "Save data files for VisIt (visit.llnl.gov) visualization.");
-   args.AddOption(&vis_steps, "-vs", "--visualization-steps",
-                  "Visualize every n-th timestep.");
-   args.Parse();
-   if (!args.Good())
-   {
-      args.PrintUsage(cout);
-      return 1;
-   }
-   if (ode_solver_type < 1 || ode_solver_type > 9)
-   {
-      cout << "Unknown ODE solver type: " << ode_solver_type << '\n';
-      return 3;
-   }
-   args.PrintOptions(cout);
-
-   // 2. Read the mesh from the given mesh file. We can handle triangular,
-   //    quadrilateral, tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes with the same code.
-   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
-   int dim = mesh->Dimension();
-
-   // 3. Refine the mesh to increase the resolution. In this example we do
-   //    'ref_levels' of uniform refinement, where 'ref_levels' is a
-   //    command-line parameter.
-   for (int lev = 0; lev < ref_levels; lev++)
-   {
-      mesh->UniformRefinement();
-   }
-
-   // 4. Define the vector finite element space representing the current and the
-   //    initial temperature, u_ref.
-   H1_FECollection fe_coll(order, dim);
-   FiniteElementSpace fespace(mesh, &fe_coll);
-
-   int fe_size = fespace.GetTrueVSize();
-   cout << "Number of temperature unknowns: " << fe_size << endl;
-
-   GridFunction u_gf(&fespace);
-
-   // 5. Set the initial conditions for u. All boundaries are considered
-   //    natural.
-   FunctionCoefficient u_0(InitialTemperature);
-   u_gf.ProjectCoefficient(u_0);
-   Vector u;
-   u_gf.GetTrueDofs(u);
-
-   // 6. Initialize the conduction operator and the visualization.
-   ConductionOperator oper(fespace, alpha, kappa, u);
-
-   u_gf.SetFromTrueDofs(u);
-   {
-      ofstream omesh("ex16.mesh");
-      omesh.precision(precision);
-      mesh->Print(omesh);
-      ofstream osol("ex16-init.gf");
-      osol.precision(precision);
-      u_gf.Save(osol);
-   }
-
-   VisItDataCollection visit_dc("Example16", mesh);
-   visit_dc.RegisterField("temperature", &u_gf);
-   if (visit)
-   {
-      visit_dc.SetCycle(0);
-      visit_dc.SetTime(0.0);
-      visit_dc.Save();
-   }
-
-   socketstream sout;
-   if (visualization)
-   {
-      char vishost[] = "localhost";
-      int  visport   = 19916;
-      sout.open(vishost, visport);
-      if (!sout)
-      {
-         cout << "Unable to connect to GLVis server at "
-              << vishost << ':' << visport << endl;
-         visualization = false;
-         cout << "GLVis visualization disabled.\n";
-      }
-      else
-      {
-         sout.precision(precision);
-         sout << "solution\n" << *mesh << u_gf;
-         sout << "pause\n";
-         sout << flush;
-         cout << "GLVis visualization paused."
-              << " Press space (in the GLVis window) to resume it.\n";
-      }
-   }
-
-   // 7. Define the ODE solver used for time integration.
-   double t = 0.0;
-   ODESolver *ode_solver = NULL;
-   switch (ode_solver_type)
-   {
-      // MFEM explicit methods
-      case 1: ode_solver = new ForwardEulerSolver; break;
-      case 2: ode_solver = new RK2Solver(0.5); break; // midpoint method
-      case 3: ode_solver = new RK3SSPSolver; break;
-      case 4: ode_solver = new RK4Solver; break;
-      // MFEM implicit L-stable methods
-      case 5: ode_solver = new BackwardEulerSolver; break;
-      case 6: ode_solver = new SDIRK23Solver(2); break;
-      case 7: ode_solver = new SDIRK33Solver; break;
-      // EPIC 
-      case 8: ode_solver = new EPI2();break;
-      case 9: ode_solver = new EPIRK4(); break;
-   }
-
-   // Initialize integrators
-   ode_solver->Init(oper);
-
-   // 8. Perform time-integration (looping over the time iterations, ti, with a
-   //    time-step dt).
-   cout << "Integrating the ODE ..." << endl;
-   tic_toc.Clear();
-   tic_toc.Start();
-
-   /*ofstream out_jac_an("jacobian_an.txt");
-   ofstream out_jac_fd("jacobian_fd.txt");
-   oper.ExtractJacobians(u, out_jac_fd, out_jac_an);*/
-
-   bool last_step = false;
-   int ti;
-   for (ti = 1; !last_step; ti++)
-   {
-      double dt_real = min(dt, t_final - t);
-
-      // Note that since we are using the "one-step" mode of the SUNDIALS
-      // solvers, they will, generally, step over the final time and will not
-      // explicitly perform the interpolation to t_final as they do in the
-      // "normal" step mode.
-      ode_solver->Step(u, t, dt_real);
-
-      oper.UpdateStats();
-
-      last_step = (t >= t_final - 1e-8*dt);
-
-      if (last_step || (ti % vis_steps) == 0) {
-         cout << "step " << ti << ", t = " << t << endl;
-
-         u_gf.SetFromTrueDofs(u);
-         if (visualization) {
-            sout << "solution\n" << *mesh << u_gf << flush;
-         }
-
-         if (visit) {
-            visit_dc.SetCycle(ti);
-            visit_dc.SetTime(t);
-            visit_dc.Save();
-         }
-      }
-   }
-   tic_toc.Stop();
-   double comp_time = tic_toc.RealTime();
-   cout << "Done, " << comp_time << "s." << endl;
-
-   // 9. Save the final solution. This output can be viewed later using GLVis:
-   //    "glvis -m ex16.mesh -g ex16-final.gf".
-   {
-      ofstream osol("ex16-final.gf");
-      osol.precision(precision);
-      u_gf.Save(osol);
-
-      ofstream ostats("ex16-stats.txt");
-      ostats << "time " << comp_time << endl;
-      oper.PrintStats(ostats);
-   }
-
-   // 10. Free the used memory.
-   delete ode_solver;
-   delete mesh;
-
-   return 0;
-}
-
-ConductionOperator::ConductionOperator(FiniteElementSpace &f, double al, double kap, const Vector &u)
-   : TimeDependentOperator(f.GetTrueVSize(), 0.0), fespace(f), M(NULL), K(NULL), dK(NULL), J_K(NULL), jac(NULL), z(height), u0(height),
-     nRhsMult(0), nSetJac(0), nJacMult(0), nImpSolve(0), nImpIter(0), nImpMult(0), nImpSet(0)
-{
-   const double rel_tol = 1e-8;
-
-   M = new BilinearForm(&fespace);
-   M->AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator());
-   M->Assemble();
-   M->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, Mmat);
-
-   M_solver.iterative_mode = false;
-   M_solver.SetRelTol(rel_tol);
-   M_solver.SetAbsTol(0.0);
-   M_solver.SetMaxIter(50);
-   M_solver.SetPrintLevel(0);
-   M_solver.SetPreconditioner(M_prec);
-   M_solver.SetOperator(Mmat);
-
-   Jg_solver.SetRelTol(rel_tol);
-   Jg_solver.SetAbsTol(0.0);
-   Jg_solver.SetMaxIter(50);
-   Jg_solver.SetPrintLevel(0);
-   Jg_solver.SetPreconditioner(Jg_prec);
-
-   newton_solver.SetMaxIter(10);
-   newton_solver.SetRelTol(rel_tol);
-   newton_solver.SetPrintLevel(-1);
-   newton_solver.SetSolver(Jg_solver);
-   newton_solver.SetMaxIter(100);
-   newton_solver.iterative_mode = false;
-
-   alpha = al;
-   kappa = kap;
-}
-
-void ConductionOperator::UpdateStats()
-{
-   if (jac)
-   {
-      nJacMult += jac->GetnMult();
-   }
-}
-
-void ConductionOperator::PrintStats(ostream &out)
-{
-   out  << "nRhsMult " << nRhsMult << endl
-        << "nSetJac " << nSetJac << endl
-        << "nJacMult " << nJacMult  << endl
-        << "nImplicitSolve " << nImpSolve  << endl
-        << "nImplicitIter " << nImpIter << endl
-        << "nImplicitMult " << nImpMult << endl
-        << "nImplicitSet " << nImpSet << endl;
-}
-
-BilinearForm& ConductionOperator::GetKLambda(const Vector &u) const
-{
-   GridFunction conductivity_gf(&fespace);
-   conductivity_gf.SetFromTrueDofs(u);
-   for (int i = 0; i < conductivity_gf.Size(); i++)
-   {
-      conductivity_gf(i) = kappa + alpha*conductivity_gf(i);
-   }
-
-   GridFunctionCoefficient conductivity_coeff(&conductivity_gf);
-
-   delete K;
-   K = new BilinearForm(&fespace);
-   K->AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(conductivity_coeff));
-   K->Assemble();
-
-   return *K;
-}
-
-BilinearForm& ConductionOperator::GetdKLambda(const Vector &u) const
-{
-   GridFunction conductivity_gf(&fespace);
-   conductivity_gf.SetFromTrueDofs(u);
-   for (int i = 0; i < conductivity_gf.Size(); i++)
-   {
-      conductivity_gf(i) = kappa + alpha*conductivity_gf(i);
-   }
-
-   // Define diffusion form with conductivity = kappa(u0)
-   GridFunctionCoefficient conductivity_coeff(&conductivity_gf);
-
-   // Define advection form with velocity = grad kappa(u0)
-   GridFunction neg_cond_gf(conductivity_gf);
-   neg_cond_gf.Neg();
-   GradientGridFunctionCoefficient velocity_coeff(&neg_cond_gf);
-
-   delete dK;
-   dK = new BilinearForm(&fespace);
-
-   dK->AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(conductivity_coeff));
-   dK->AddDomainIntegrator(new MixedScalarWeakDivergenceIntegrator(velocity_coeff));
-   dK->Assemble();
-
-   return *dK;
-}
-
-void ConductionOperator::Mult(const Vector &u, Vector &du_dt) const
-{
-   // Compute:
-   //    du_dt = M^{-1}*-K(u)
-   // for du_dt
-   GetKLambda(u);
-   K->Mult(u, z);
-   z.Neg(); // z = -z
-   M_solver.Mult(z, du_dt);
-   nRhsMult++;
-}
-
-void ConductionOperator::ImplicitSolve(const double dt, const Vector &x, Vector &k)
-{
-   ImplicitSolveOperator imp_oper(this, &this->Mmat, dt, &x);
-   newton_solver.SetOperator(imp_oper);
-
-   Vector zero; // empty vector is interpreted as zero r.h.s. by NewtonSolver
-   newton_solver.Mult(zero, k);
-   MFEM_VERIFY(newton_solver.GetConverged(), "Newton solver did not converge.");
-
-   nImpSolve++;
-   nImpMult += imp_oper.GetnMult();
-   nImpSet  += imp_oper.GetnSet();
-   nImpIter += newton_solver.GetNumIterations();
-}
-
-Operator &ConductionOperator::GetGradient(const Vector &u) const
-{
-   delete jac;
-   GetdKLambda(u);
-   jac = new JacobianOperator(dK, &M_solver);
-
-   nSetJac++;
-
-   return *jac;
-}
-
-ConductionOperator::~ConductionOperator()
-{
-   delete M;
-   delete K;
-   delete dK;
-   delete J_K;
-   delete jac;
-}
-
-ImplicitSolveOperator::ImplicitSolveOperator(ConductionOperator *oper_, const SparseMatrix* M_, double dt_, const Vector* x_):
-   Operator(oper_->Height()), oper(oper_), M(M_), dt(dt_), x(x_), u(height), z(height), Jg(NULL), nMult(0), nSet(0)
-{ }
-
-
-void ImplicitSolveOperator::Mult(const Vector& y, Vector& gy) const
-{
-   // Compute gy = g(y) = My + dt K(lambda(u)) u
-   // with u = x + dt y
-   add(*x, dt, y, u);
-   BilinearForm& K = oper->GetKLambda(u);
-   K.Mult(u, gy);
-
-   M->AddMult(y, gy);
-
-   nMult++;
-}
-
-Operator& ImplicitSolveOperator::GetGradient(const Vector &k) const
-{
-   add(*x, dt, k, u);
-
-   BilinearForm& dK = oper->GetdKLambda(u);
-   Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
-   SparseMatrix dK_mat;
-   dK.FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, dK_mat);
-
-   delete Jg;
-   Jg = Add(1.0, *M, dt, dK_mat);
-
-   nSet++;
-   return *Jg;
-}
-
-JacobianOperator::JacobianOperator(Operator* J_, Operator* M_solver_):
-   Operator(M_solver_->Height()), J(J_), M_solver(M_solver_), z(height), nMult(0)
-{ }
-
-void JacobianOperator::Mult(const Vector &v, Vector &Jv) const
-{
-   Vector temp(v);
-   J->Mult(v, z);
-   z.Neg(); // z = -z
-   M_solver->Mult(z, Jv);
-   nMult++;
-}
-
-
-void ConductionOperator::ExtractJacobians(const Vector& x, std::ostream &out, std::ostream &out2)
-{
-   int n = x.Size();
-
-   Vector e(n);
-   e = 0.0;
-
-   double eps = 1e-8;
-   Vector fx(n), fx_eps(n), x_eps(n);
-   Mult(x, fx);
-
-   DenseMatrix J(n);
-
-   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-   {
-      e[i] = 1.0;
-      add(x, eps, e, x_eps);
-      Mult(x_eps, fx_eps);
-      fx_eps -= fx;
-      fx_eps /= eps;
-      J.SetCol(i, fx_eps);
-      e[i] = 0.0;
-   }
-
-   J.PrintMatlab(out);
-   GetGradient(x);
-   jac->ExtractJacobian(x, out2);
-}
-
-void JacobianOperator::ExtractJacobian(const Vector& x, std::ostream &out)
-{
-   int n = z.Size();
-
-   Vector e(n);
-   e= 0.0;
-
-   Vector J_i(n);
-   DenseMatrix J(n);
-
-   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-   {
-      e[i] = 1.0;
-      Mult(e, J_i);
-      J.SetCol(i, J_i);
-      e[i] = 0.0;
-   }
-
-   J.PrintMatlab(out);
-}
-
-double InitialTemperature(const Vector &x)
-{
-   if (x.Norml2() < 0.5) { return 2.0; }
-   else                  { return 1.0; }
-}
@@ -1,494 +0,0 @@
-//                         MFEM Example 16 - Parallel Version
-//                             SUNDIALS Modification
-//
-// Compile with: make ex16p
-//
-// Sample runs:
-//     mpirun -np 4 ex16p
-//     mpirun -np 4 ex16p -m ../../data/inline-tri.mesh
-//     mpirun -np 4 ex16p -m ../../data/disc-nurbs.mesh -tf 2
-//     mpirun -np 4 ex16p -s 12 -a 0.0 -k 1.0
-//     mpirun -np 4 ex16p -s 8 -a 1.0 -k 0.0 -dt 4e-6 -tf 2e-2 -vs 50
-//     mpirun -np 8 ex16p -s 9 -a 0.5 -k 0.5 -o 4 -dt 8e-6 -tf 2e-2 -vs 50
-//     mpirun -np 4 ex16p -s 10 -dt 2.0e-4 -tf 4.0e-2
-//     mpirun -np 16 ex16p -m ../../data/fichera-q2.mesh
-//     mpirun -np 16 ex16p -m ../../data/escher-p2.mesh
-//     mpirun -np 8 ex16p -m ../../data/beam-tet.mesh -tf 10 -dt 0.1
-//     mpirun -np 4 ex16p -m ../../data/amr-quad.mesh -o 4 -rs 0 -rp 0
-//     mpirun -np 4 ex16p -m ../../data/amr-hex.mesh -o 2 -rs 0 -rp 0
-//
-// Description:  This example solves a time dependent nonlinear heat equation
-//               problem of the form du/dt = C(u), with a non-linear diffusion
-//               operator C(u) = \nabla \cdot (\kappa + \alpha u) \nabla u.
-//
-//               We recommend viewing examples 2, 9 and 10 before viewing this
-//               example.
-
-#include "mfem.hpp"
-#include <fstream>
-#include <iostream>
-
-using namespace std;
-using namespace mfem;
-
-/** After spatial discretization, the conduction model can be written as:
- *
- *     du/dt = M^{-1}(-Ku)
- *
- *  where u is the vector representing the temperature, M is the mass matrix,
- *  and K is the diffusion operator with diffusivity depending on u:
- *  (\kappa + \alpha u).
- *
- *  Class ConductionOperator represents the right-hand side of the above ODE.
- */
-class ConductionOperator : public TimeDependentOperator
-{
-protected:
-   ParFiniteElementSpace &fespace;
-   Array<int> ess_tdof_list; // this list remains empty for pure Neumann b.c.
-
-   ParBilinearForm *M;
-   ParBilinearForm *K;
-
-   HypreParMatrix Mmat;
-   HypreParMatrix Kmat;
-   HypreParMatrix *T; // T = M + dt K
-   double current_dt;
-
-   CGSolver M_solver;    // Krylov solver for inverting the mass matrix M
-   HypreSmoother M_prec; // Preconditioner for the mass matrix M
-
-   CGSolver T_solver;    // Implicit solver for T = M + dt K
-   HypreSmoother T_prec; // Preconditioner for the implicit solver
-
-   double alpha, kappa;
-
-   mutable Vector z; // auxiliary vector
-
-public:
-   ConductionOperator(ParFiniteElementSpace &f, double alpha, double kappa,
-                      const Vector &u);
-
-   virtual void Mult(const Vector &u, Vector &du_dt) const;
-
-   /** Solve the Backward-Euler equation: k = f(u + dt*k, t), for the unknown k.
-       This is the only requirement for high-order SDIRK implicit integration.*/
-   virtual void ImplicitSolve(const double dt, const Vector &u, Vector &k);
-
-   /** Setup the system (M + dt K) x = M b. This method is used by the implicit
-       SUNDIALS solvers. */
-   virtual int SUNImplicitSetup(const Vector &x, const Vector &fx,
-                                int jok, int *jcur, double gamma);
-
-   /** Solve the system (M + dt K) x = M b. This method is used by the implicit
-       SUNDIALS solvers. */
-   virtual int SUNImplicitSolve(const Vector &b, Vector &x, double tol);
-
-   /// Update the diffusion BilinearForm K using the given true-dof vector `u`.
-   void SetParameters(const Vector &u);
-
-   virtual ~ConductionOperator();
-};
-
-double InitialTemperature(const Vector &x);
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-   // 1. Initialize MPI.
-   int num_procs, myid;
-   MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
-   MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &num_procs);
-   MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myid);
-
-   // 2. Parse command-line options.
-   const char *mesh_file = "../../data/star.mesh";
-   int ser_ref_levels = 2;
-   int par_ref_levels = 1;
-   int order = 2;
-   int ode_solver_type = 8; // Exponential Euler 
-   double t_final = 0.5;
-   double dt = 1.0e-2;
-   double alpha = 1.0e-2;
-   double kappa = 0.5;
-   bool visualization = true;
-   bool visit = false;
-   int vis_steps = 5;
-
-   int precision = 8;
-   cout.precision(precision);
-
-   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
-   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
-                  "Mesh file to use.");
-   args.AddOption(&ser_ref_levels, "-rs", "--refine-serial",
-                  "Number of times to refine the mesh uniformly in serial.");
-   args.AddOption(&par_ref_levels, "-rp", "--refine-parallel",
-                  "Number of times to refine the mesh uniformly in parallel.");
-   args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order",
-                  "Order (degree) of the finite elements.");
-   args.AddOption(&ode_solver_type, "-s", "--ode-solver",
-                  "ODE solver:\n\t"
-                  "1  - Forward Euler,\n\t"
-                  "2  - RK2,\n\t"
-                  "3  - RK3 SSP,\n\t"
-                  "4  - RK4,\n\t"
-                  "5  - Backward Euler,\n\t"
-                  "6  - SDIRK 2,\n\t"
-                  "7  - SDIRK 3,\n\t"
-                  "8  - Exponential Euler,\n\t");
-   args.AddOption(&t_final, "-tf", "--t-final",
-                  "Final time; start time is 0.");
-   args.AddOption(&dt, "-dt", "--time-step",
-                  "Time step.");
-   args.AddOption(&alpha, "-a", "--alpha",
-                  "Alpha coefficient.");
-   args.AddOption(&kappa, "-k", "--kappa",
-                  "Kappa coefficient offset.");
-   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
-                  "--no-visualization",
-                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
-   args.AddOption(&visit, "-visit", "--visit-datafiles", "-no-visit",
-                  "--no-visit-datafiles",
-                  "Save data files for VisIt (visit.llnl.gov) visualization.");
-   args.AddOption(&vis_steps, "-vs", "--visualization-steps",
-                  "Visualize every n-th timestep.");
-   args.Parse();
-   if (!args.Good())
-   {
-      args.PrintUsage(cout);
-      MPI_Finalize();
-      return 1;
-   }
-
-   if (myid == 0)
-   {
-      args.PrintOptions(cout);
-   }
-
-   // check for vaild ODE solver option
-   if (ode_solver_type < 1 || ode_solver_type > 8)
-   {
-      if (myid == 0)
-      {
-         cout << "Unknown ODE solver type: " << ode_solver_type << '\n';
-      }
-      MPI_Finalize();
-      return 1;
-   }
-
-   // 3. Read the serial mesh from the given mesh file on all processors. We can
-   //    handle triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes
-   //    with the same code.
-   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
-   int dim = mesh->Dimension();
-
-   // 4. Refine the mesh in serial to increase the resolution. In this example
-   //    we do 'ser_ref_levels' of uniform refinement, where 'ser_ref_levels' is
-   //    a command-line parameter.
-   for (int lev = 0; lev < ser_ref_levels; lev++)
-   {
-      mesh->UniformRefinement();
-   }
-
-   // 5. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
-   //    this mesh further in parallel to increase the resolution. Once the
-   //    parallel mesh is defined, the serial mesh can be deleted.
-   ParMesh *pmesh = new ParMesh(MPI_COMM_WORLD, *mesh);
-   delete mesh;
-   for (int lev = 0; lev < par_ref_levels; lev++)
-   {
-      pmesh->UniformRefinement();
-   }
-
-   // 6. Define the vector finite element space representing the current and the
-   //    initial temperature, u_ref.
-   H1_FECollection fe_coll(order, dim);
-   ParFiniteElementSpace fespace(pmesh, &fe_coll);
-
-   int fe_size = fespace.GlobalTrueVSize();
-   if (myid == 0)
-   {
-      cout << "Number of temperature unknowns: " << fe_size << endl;
-   }
-
-   ParGridFunction u_gf(&fespace);
-
-   // 7. Set the initial conditions for u. All boundaries are considered
-   //    natural.
-   FunctionCoefficient u_0(InitialTemperature);
-   u_gf.ProjectCoefficient(u_0);
-   Vector u;
-   u_gf.GetTrueDofs(u);
-
-   // 8. Initialize the conduction operator and the VisIt visualization.
-   ConductionOperator oper(fespace, alpha, kappa, u);
-
-   u_gf.SetFromTrueDofs(u);
-   {
-      ostringstream mesh_name, sol_name;
-      mesh_name << "ex16-mesh." << setfill('0') << setw(6) << myid;
-      sol_name << "ex16-init." << setfill('0') << setw(6) << myid;
-      ofstream omesh(mesh_name.str().c_str());
-      omesh.precision(precision);
-      pmesh->Print(omesh);
-      ofstream osol(sol_name.str().c_str());
-      osol.precision(precision);
-      u_gf.Save(osol);
-   }
-
-   VisItDataCollection visit_dc("Example16-Parallel", pmesh);
-   visit_dc.RegisterField("temperature", &u_gf);
-   if (visit)
-   {
-      visit_dc.SetCycle(0);
-      visit_dc.SetTime(0.0);
-      visit_dc.Save();
-   }
-
-   socketstream sout;
-   if (visualization)
-   {
-      char vishost[] = "localhost";
-      int  visport   = 19916;
-      sout.open(vishost, visport);
-      sout << "parallel " << num_procs << " " << myid << endl;
-      int good = sout.good(), all_good;
-      MPI_Allreduce(&good, &all_good, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MIN, pmesh->GetComm());
-      if (!all_good)
-      {
-         sout.close();
-         visualization = false;
-         if (myid == 0)
-         {
-            cout << "Unable to connect to GLVis server at "
-                 << vishost << ':' << visport << endl;
-            cout << "GLVis visualization disabled.\n";
-         }
-      }
-      else
-      {
-         sout.precision(precision);
-         sout << "solution\n" << *pmesh << u_gf;
-         sout << "pause\n";
-         sout << flush;
-         if (myid == 0)
-         {
-            cout << "GLVis visualization paused."
-                 << " Press space (in the GLVis window) to resume it.\n";
-         }
-      }
-   }
-
-   // 9. Define the ODE solver used for time integration.
-   double t = 0.0;
-   ODESolver *ode_solver = NULL;
-   EPICSolver *epic_solver = NULL;
-   switch (ode_solver_type)
-   {
-      // MFEM explicit methods
-      case 1: ode_solver = new ForwardEulerSolver; break;
-      case 2: ode_solver = new RK2Solver(0.5); break; // midpoint method
-      case 3: ode_solver = new RK3SSPSolver; break;
-      case 4: ode_solver = new RK4Solver; break;
-      // MFEM implicit L-stable methods
-      case 5: ode_solver = new BackwardEulerSolver; break;
-      case 6: ode_solver = new SDIRK23Solver(2); break;
-      case 7: ode_solver = new SDIRK33Solver; break;
-      // EPIC
-      case 8:
-         epic_solver = new EPICSolver();
-	 epic_solver->Init(oper);
-	 ode_solver = epic_solver;
-	 break;
-   }
-
-   // Initialize MFEM integrators
-   ode_solver->Init(oper);
-
-   // 10. Perform time-integration (looping over the time iterations, ti, with a
-   //     time-step dt).
-   if (myid == 0)
-   {
-      cout << "Integrating the ODE ..." << endl;
-   }
-   tic_toc.Clear();
-   tic_toc.Start();
-
-   bool last_step = false;
-   for (int ti = 1; !last_step; ti++)
-   {
-      double dt_real = min(dt, t_final - t);
-
-      // Note that since we are using the "one-step" mode of the SUNDIALS
-      // solvers, they will, generally, step over the final time and will not
-      // explicitly perform the interpolation to t_final as they do in the
-      // "normal" step mode.
-
-      ode_solver->Step(u, t, dt_real);
-
-      last_step = (t >= t_final - 1e-8*dt);
-
-      if (last_step || (ti % vis_steps) == 0)
-      {
-         if (myid == 0)
-         {
-            cout << "step " << ti << ", t = " << t << endl;
-         }
-
-         u_gf.SetFromTrueDofs(u);
-         if (visualization)
-         {
-            sout << "parallel " << num_procs << " " << myid << "\n";
-            sout << "solution\n" << *pmesh << u_gf << flush;
-         }
-
-         if (visit)
-         {
-            visit_dc.SetCycle(ti);
-            visit_dc.SetTime(t);
-            visit_dc.Save();
-         }
-      }
-      oper.SetParameters(u);
-   }
-   tic_toc.Stop();
-   if (myid == 0)
-   {
-      cout << "Done, " << tic_toc.RealTime() << "s." << endl;
-   }
-
-   // 11. Save the final solution in parallel. This output can be viewed later
-   //     using GLVis: "glvis -np <np> -m ex16-mesh -g ex16-final".
-   {
-      ostringstream sol_name;
-      sol_name << "ex16-final." << setfill('0') << setw(6) << myid;
-      ofstream osol(sol_name.str().c_str());
-      osol.precision(precision);
-      u_gf.Save(osol);
-   }
-
-   // 12. Free the used memory.
-   delete ode_solver;
-   delete pmesh;
-
-   MPI_Finalize();
-
-   return 0;
-}
-
-ConductionOperator::ConductionOperator(ParFiniteElementSpace &f, double al,
-                                       double kap, const Vector &u)
-   : TimeDependentOperator(f.GetTrueVSize(), 0.0), fespace(f), M(NULL), K(NULL),
-     T(NULL),
-     M_solver(f.GetComm()), T_solver(f.GetComm()), z(height)
-{
-   const double rel_tol = 1e-8;
-
-   M = new ParBilinearForm(&fespace);
-   M->AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator());
-   M->Assemble(0); // keep sparsity pattern of M and K the same
-   M->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, Mmat);
-
-   M_solver.iterative_mode = false;
-   M_solver.SetRelTol(rel_tol);
-   M_solver.SetAbsTol(0.0);
-   M_solver.SetMaxIter(100);
-   M_solver.SetPrintLevel(0);
-   M_prec.SetType(HypreSmoother::Jacobi);
-   M_solver.SetPreconditioner(M_prec);
-   M_solver.SetOperator(Mmat);
-
-   alpha = al;
-   kappa = kap;
-
-   T_solver.iterative_mode = false;
-   T_solver.SetRelTol(rel_tol);
-   T_solver.SetAbsTol(0.0);
-   T_solver.SetMaxIter(100);
-   T_solver.SetPrintLevel(0);
-   T_solver.SetPreconditioner(T_prec);
-
-   SetParameters(u);
-}
-
-void ConductionOperator::Mult(const Vector &u, Vector &du_dt) const
-{
-   // Compute:
-   //    du_dt = M^{-1}*-K(u)
-   // for du_dt
-   Kmat.Mult(u, z);
-   z.Neg(); // z = -z
-   M_solver.Mult(z, du_dt);
-}
-
-void ConductionOperator::ImplicitSolve(const double dt,
-                                       const Vector &u, Vector &du_dt)
-{
-   // Solve the equation:
-   //    du_dt = M^{-1}*[-K(u + dt*du_dt)]
-   // for du_dt
-   if (T) { delete T; }
-   T = Add(1.0, Mmat, dt, Kmat);
-   T_solver.SetOperator(*T);
-   Kmat.Mult(u, z);
-   z.Neg();
-   T_solver.Mult(z, du_dt);
-}
-
-int ConductionOperator::SUNImplicitSetup(const Vector &x,
-                                         const Vector &fx, int jok, int *jcur,
-                                         double gamma)
-{
-   // Setup the ODE Jacobian T = M + gamma K.
-   if (T) { delete T; }
-   T = Add(1.0, Mmat, gamma, Kmat);
-   T_solver.SetOperator(*T);
-   *jcur = 1;
-   return (0);
-}
-
-int ConductionOperator::SUNImplicitSolve(const Vector &b, Vector &x, double tol)
-{
-   // Solve the system A x = z => (M - gamma K) x = M b.
-   Mmat.Mult(b, z);
-   T_solver.Mult(z, x);
-   return (0);
-}
-
-void ConductionOperator::SetParameters(const Vector &u)
-{
-   ParGridFunction u_alpha_gf(&fespace);
-   u_alpha_gf.SetFromTrueDofs(u);
-   for (int i = 0; i < u_alpha_gf.Size(); i++)
-   {
-      u_alpha_gf(i) = kappa + alpha*u_alpha_gf(i);
-   }
-
-   delete K;
-   K = new ParBilinearForm(&fespace);
-
-   GridFunctionCoefficient u_coeff(&u_alpha_gf);
-
-   K->AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(u_coeff));
-   K->Assemble(0); // keep sparsity pattern of M and K the same
-   K->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, Kmat);
-}
-
-ConductionOperator::~ConductionOperator()
-{
-   delete T;
-   delete M;
-   delete K;
-}
-
-double InitialTemperature(const Vector &x)
-{
-   if (x.Norml2() < 0.5)
-   {
-      return 2.0;
-   }
-   else
-   {
-      return 1.0;
-   }
-}
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2020, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-# Use the MFEM build directory
-MFEM_DIR ?= ../..
-MFEM_BUILD_DIR ?= ../..
-SRC = $(if $(MFEM_DIR:../..=),$(MFEM_DIR)/examples/epic/,)
-CONFIG_MK = $(MFEM_BUILD_DIR)/config/config.mk
-# Use the MFEM install directory
-# MFEM_INSTALL_DIR = ../../mfem
-# CONFIG_MK = $(MFEM_INSTALL_DIR)/share/mfem/config.mk
-
-MFEM_LIB_FILE = mfem_is_not_built
-include $(CONFIG_MK)
-
-SEQ_EXAMPLES = ex16
-PAR_EXAMPLES = ex16p
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),NO)
-   EXAMPLES = $(SEQ_EXAMPLES)
-else
-   EXAMPLES = $(PAR_EXAMPLES) $(SEQ_EXAMPLES)
-endif
-
-.SUFFIXES:
-.SUFFIXES: .o .cpp .mk
-.PHONY: all clean clean-build clean-exec
-
-# Remove built-in rule
-%: %.cpp
-
-# Replace the default implicit rule for *.cpp files
-%: $(SRC)%.cpp $(MFEM_LIB_FILE) $(CONFIG_MK)
-	$(MFEM_CXX) $(MFEM_FLAGS) $< -o $@ $(MFEM_LIBS)
-
-all: $(EXAMPLES)
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_EPIC),NO)
-$(EXAMPLES):
-	$(error MFEM is not configured with EPIC)
-endif
-
-MFEM_TESTS = EXAMPLES
-include $(MFEM_TEST_MK)
-
-# Testing: Parallel vs. serial runs
-RUN_MPI = $(MFEM_MPIEXEC) $(MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP) $(MFEM_MPI_NP)
-SERIAL_NAME := Serial EPIC example
-PARALLEL_NAME := Parallel EPIC example
-%-test-par: %
-	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), $(PARALLEL_NAME))
-%-test-seq: %
-	@$(call mfem-test,$<,, $(SERIAL_NAME))
-
-# Testing: "test" target and mfem-test* variables are defined in config/test.mk
-
-# Generate an error message if the MFEM library is not built and exit
-$(MFEM_LIB_FILE):
-	$(error The MFEM library is not built)
-
-clean: clean-build clean-exec
-
-clean-build:
-	rm -f *.o *~ $(SEQ_EXAMPLES) $(PAR_EXAMPLES)
-	rm -rf *.dSYM *.TVD.*breakpoints
-
-clean-exec:
-	@rm -f deformed.* velocity.* elastic_energy.*
-	@rm -f ex16.mesh ex16-mesh.* ex16-init.* ex16-final.* Example16*
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   int order = 1;
   int nev = 5;
   bool visualization = 1;
-   const char *device_config = "cpu";

   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
@@ -72,8 +71,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
                  "--no-visualization",
                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
-   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
-                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.Parse();
   if (!args.Good())
   {
@@ -89,18 +86,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      args.PrintOptions(cout);
   }

-   // 3. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
-   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
-   Device device(device_config);
-   if (myid == 0) { device.Print(); }
-
-   // 4. Read the (serial) mesh from the given mesh file on all processors. We
+   // 3. Read the (serial) mesh from the given mesh file on all processors. We
   //    can handle triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral, hexahedral, surface
   //    and volume meshes with the same code.
   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
   int dim = mesh->Dimension();

-   // 5. Refine the serial mesh on all processors to increase the resolution. In
+   // 4. Refine the serial mesh on all processors to increase the resolution. In
   //    this example we do 'ref_levels' of uniform refinement (2 by default, or
   //    specified on the command line with -rs).
   for (int lev = 0; lev < ser_ref_levels; lev++)
@@ -108,7 +100,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      mesh->UniformRefinement();
   }

-   // 6. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
+   // 5. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
   //    this mesh further in parallel to increase the resolution (1 time by
   //    default, or specified on the command line with -rp). Once the parallel
   //    mesh is defined, the serial mesh can be deleted.
@@ -120,7 +112,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
   pmesh->ReorientTetMesh();

-   // 7. Define a parallel finite element space on the parallel mesh. Here we
+   // 6. Define a parallel finite element space on the parallel mesh. Here we
   //    use the Nedelec finite elements of the specified order.
   FiniteElementCollection *fec = new ND_FECollection(order, dim);
   ParFiniteElementSpace *fespace = new ParFiniteElementSpace(pmesh, fec);
@@ -130,7 +122,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      cout << "Number of unknowns: " << size << endl;
   }

-   // 8. Set up the parallel bilinear forms a(.,.) and m(.,.) on the finite
+   // 7. Set up the parallel bilinear forms a(.,.) and m(.,.) on the finite
   //    element space. The first corresponds to the curl curl, while the second
   //    is a simple mass matrix needed on the right hand side of the
   //    generalized eigenvalue problem below. The boundary conditions are
@@ -172,7 +164,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   delete a;
   delete m;

-   // 9. Define and configure the AME eigensolver and the AMS preconditioner for
+   // 8. Define and configure the AME eigensolver and the AMS preconditioner for
   //    A to be used within the solver. Set the matrices which define the
   //    generalized eigenproblem A x = lambda M x.
   HypreAMS *ams = new HypreAMS(*A,fespace);
@@ -188,15 +180,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   ame->SetMassMatrix(*M);
   ame->SetOperator(*A);

-   // 10. Compute the eigenmodes and extract the array of eigenvalues. Define a
-   //     parallel grid function to represent each of the eigenmodes returned by
-   //     the solver.
+   // 9. Compute the eigenmodes and extract the array of eigenvalues. Define a
+   //    parallel grid function to represent each of the eigenmodes returned by
+   //    the solver.
   Array<double> eigenvalues;
   ame->Solve();
   ame->GetEigenvalues(eigenvalues);
   ParGridFunction x(fespace);

-   // 11. Save the refined mesh and the modes in parallel. This output can be
+   // 10. Save the refined mesh and the modes in parallel. This output can be
   //     viewed later using GLVis: "glvis -np <np> -m mesh -g mode".
   {
      ostringstream mesh_name, mode_name;
@@ -221,7 +213,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      }
   }

-   // 12. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
+   // 11. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
   if (visualization)
   {
      char vishost[] = "localhost";
@@ -261,7 +253,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      mode_sock.close();
   }

-   // 13. Free the used memory.
+   // 12. Free the used memory.
   delete ame;
   delete ams;
   delete M;
@@ -196,12 +196,6 @@ void InitialDeformation(const Vector &x, Vector &y);

 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-#ifdef HYPRE_USING_CUDA
-   cout << "\nAs of mfem-4.3 and hypre-2.22.0 (July 2021) this example\n"
-        << "is NOT supported with the CUDA version of hypre.\n\n";
-   return 255;
-#endif
-
   // 1. Initialize MPI
   MPI_Session mpi;
   const int myid = mpi.WorldRank();
@@ -444,19 +438,15 @@ JacobianPreconditioner::JacobianPreconditioner(Array<ParFiniteElementSpace *>
 void JacobianPreconditioner::Mult(const Vector &k, Vector &y) const
 {
   // Extract the blocks from the input and output vectors
-   Vector disp_in;
-   disp_in.MakeRef(const_cast<Vector&>(k), block_trueOffsets[0],
-                   block_trueOffsets[1]-block_trueOffsets[0]);
-   Vector pres_in;
-   pres_in.MakeRef(const_cast<Vector&>(k), block_trueOffsets[1],
-                   block_trueOffsets[2]-block_trueOffsets[1]);
+   Vector disp_in(k.GetData() + block_trueOffsets[0],
+                  block_trueOffsets[1]-block_trueOffsets[0]);
+   Vector pres_in(k.GetData() + block_trueOffsets[1],
+                  block_trueOffsets[2]-block_trueOffsets[1]);

-   Vector disp_out;
-   disp_out.MakeRef(y, block_trueOffsets[0],
-                    block_trueOffsets[1]-block_trueOffsets[0]);
-   Vector pres_out;
-   pres_out.MakeRef(y, block_trueOffsets[1],
-                    block_trueOffsets[2]-block_trueOffsets[1]);
+   Vector disp_out(y.GetData() + block_trueOffsets[0],
+                   block_trueOffsets[1]-block_trueOffsets[0]);
+   Vector pres_out(y.GetData() + block_trueOffsets[1],
+                   block_trueOffsets[2]-block_trueOffsets[1]);

   Vector temp(block_trueOffsets[1]-block_trueOffsets[0]);
   Vector temp2(block_trueOffsets[1]-block_trueOffsets[0]);
@@ -469,9 +459,6 @@ void JacobianPreconditioner::Mult(const Vector &k, Vector &y) const
   subtract(disp_in, temp, temp2);

   stiff_pcg->Mult(temp2, disp_out);
-
-   disp_out.SyncAliasMemory(y);
-   pres_out.SyncAliasMemory(y);
 }

 void JacobianPreconditioner::SetOperator(const Operator &op)
@@ -486,10 +473,7 @@ void JacobianPreconditioner::SetOperator(const Operator &op)

      if (!spaces[0]->GetParMesh()->Nonconforming())
      {
-#ifndef HYPRE_USING_CUDA
-         // Not available yet when hypre is built with CUDA
         stiff_prec_amg->SetElasticityOptions(spaces[0]);
-#endif
      }

      stiff_prec = stiff_prec_amg;
@@ -89,8 +89,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_CEED
-   args.AddOption(&algebraic_ceed, "-a", "--algebraic",
-                  "-no-a", "--no-algebraic",
+   args.AddOption(&algebraic_ceed, "-a", "--algebraic", "-no-a", "--no-algebraic",
                  "Use algebraic Ceed solver");
 #endif
   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
@@ -198,15 +197,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   b.AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(one));
   b.Assemble();

-   // 10. Define the solution vector x as a parallel finite element grid
-   //     function corresponding to fespace. Initialize x with initial guess of
-   //     zero, which satisfies the boundary conditions.
+   // 10. Define the solution vector x as a parallel finite element grid function
+   //     corresponding to fespace. Initialize x with initial guess of zero,
+   //     which satisfies the boundary conditions.
   ParGridFunction x(&fespace);
   x = 0.0;

   // 11. Set up the parallel bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
-   //     corresponding to the Laplacian operator -Delta, by adding the
-   //     Diffusion domain integrator.
+   //     corresponding to the Laplacian operator -Delta, by adding the Diffusion
+   //     domain integrator.
   ParBilinearForm a(&fespace);
   if (pa) { a.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
   a.AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ private:
      Vector diag(fespace.GetTrueVSize());
      bfs.Last()->AssembleDiagonal(diag);

-      Solver* smoother = new OperatorChebyshevSmoother(*opr, diag,
+      Solver* smoother = new OperatorChebyshevSmoother(opr.Ptr(), diag,
                                                       *essentialTrueDofs.Last(), 2);
      AddLevel(opr.Ptr(), smoother, true, true);
   }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ private:
      Vector diag(fespace.GetTrueVSize());
      bfs.Last()->AssembleDiagonal(diag);

-      Solver* smoother = new OperatorChebyshevSmoother(*opr, diag,
+      Solver* smoother = new OperatorChebyshevSmoother(opr.Ptr(), diag,
                                                       *essentialTrueDofs.Last(), 2, fespace.GetParMesh()->GetComm());

      AddLevel(opr.Ptr(), smoother, true, true);
@@ -81,12 +81,6 @@ Mesh * build_trapezoid_mesh(double offset)

 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-#ifdef HYPRE_USING_CUDA
-   cout << "\nAs of mfem-4.3 and hypre-2.22.0 (July 2021) this example\n"
-        << "is NOT supported with the CUDA version of hypre.\n\n";
-   return 255;
-#endif
-
   // 1. Initialize MPI.
   int num_procs, myid;
   MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
@@ -366,7 +360,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
   delete pmesh;

-   // HYPRE_Finalize();
   MPI_Finalize();

   return 0;
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   bool visualization = 1;
   bool amg_elast = 0;
   bool reorder_space = false;
-   const char *device_config = "cpu";

   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
@@ -79,8 +78,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
   args.AddOption(&reorder_space, "-nodes", "--by-nodes", "-vdim", "--by-vdim",
                  "Use byNODES ordering of vector space instead of byVDIM");
-   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
-                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.Parse();
   if (!args.Good())
   {
@@ -96,12 +93,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      args.PrintOptions(cout);
   }

-   // 3. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
-   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
-   Device device(device_config);
-   if (myid == 0) { device.Print(); }
-
-   // 4. Read the (serial) mesh from the given mesh file on all processors.  We
+   // 3. Read the (serial) mesh from the given mesh file on all processors.  We
   //    can handle triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral, hexahedral, surface
   //    and volume meshes with the same code.
   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
@@ -117,14 +109,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      return 3;
   }

-   // 5. Select the order of the finite element discretization space. For NURBS
+   // 4. Select the order of the finite element discretization space. For NURBS
   //    meshes, we increase the order by degree elevation.
   if (mesh->NURBSext)
   {
      mesh->DegreeElevate(order, order);
   }

-   // 6. Refine the serial mesh on all processors to increase the resolution. In
+   // 5. Refine the serial mesh on all processors to increase the resolution. In
   //    this example we do 'ref_levels' of uniform refinement. We choose
   //    'ref_levels' to be the largest number that gives a final mesh with no
   //    more than 1,000 elements.
@@ -137,7 +129,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      }
   }

-   // 7. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
+   // 6. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
   //    this mesh further in parallel to increase the resolution. Once the
   //    parallel mesh is defined, the serial mesh can be deleted.
   ParMesh *pmesh = new ParMesh(MPI_COMM_WORLD, *mesh);
@@ -150,7 +142,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      }
   }

-   // 8. Define a parallel finite element space on the parallel mesh. Here we
+   // 7. Define a parallel finite element space on the parallel mesh. Here we
   //    use vector finite elements, i.e. dim copies of a scalar finite element
   //    space. We use the ordering by vector dimension (the last argument of
   //    the FiniteElementSpace constructor) which is expected in the systems
@@ -183,7 +175,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
           << "Assembling: " << flush;
   }

-   // 9. Determine the list of true (i.e. parallel conforming) essential
+   // 8. Determine the list of true (i.e. parallel conforming) essential
   //    boundary dofs. In this example, the boundary conditions are defined by
   //    marking only boundary attribute 1 from the mesh as essential and
   //    converting it to a list of true dofs.
@@ -192,14 +184,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   ess_bdr[0] = 1;
   fespace->GetEssentialTrueDofs(ess_bdr, ess_tdof_list);

-   // 10. Set up the parallel linear form b(.) which corresponds to the
-   //     right-hand side of the FEM linear system. In this case, b_i equals the
-   //     boundary integral of f*phi_i where f represents a "pull down" force on
-   //     the Neumann part of the boundary and phi_i are the basis functions in
-   //     the finite element fespace. The force is defined by the object f, which
-   //     is a vector of Coefficient objects. The fact that f is non-zero on
-   //     boundary attribute 2 is indicated by the use of piece-wise constants
-   //     coefficient for its last component.
+   // 9. Set up the parallel linear form b(.) which corresponds to the
+   //    right-hand side of the FEM linear system. In this case, b_i equals the
+   //    boundary integral of f*phi_i where f represents a "pull down" force on
+   //    the Neumann part of the boundary and phi_i are the basis functions in
+   //    the finite element fespace. The force is defined by the object f, which
+   //    is a vector of Coefficient objects. The fact that f is non-zero on
+   //    boundary attribute 2 is indicated by the use of piece-wise constants
+   //    coefficient for its last component.
   VectorArrayCoefficient f(dim);
   for (int i = 0; i < dim-1; i++)
   {
@@ -220,13 +212,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
   b->Assemble();

-   // 11. Define the solution vector x as a parallel finite element grid
+   // 10. Define the solution vector x as a parallel finite element grid
   //     function corresponding to fespace. Initialize x with initial guess of
   //     zero, which satisfies the boundary conditions.
   ParGridFunction x(fespace);
   x = 0.0;

-   // 12. Set up the parallel bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
+   // 11. Set up the parallel bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
   //     corresponding to the linear elasticity integrator with piece-wise
   //     constants coefficient lambda and mu.
   Vector lambda(pmesh->attributes.Max());
@@ -241,7 +233,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   ParBilinearForm *a = new ParBilinearForm(fespace);
   a->AddDomainIntegrator(new ElasticityIntegrator(lambda_func, mu_func));

-   // 13. Assemble the parallel bilinear form and the corresponding linear
+   // 12. Assemble the parallel bilinear form and the corresponding linear
   //     system, applying any necessary transformations such as: parallel
   //     assembly, eliminating boundary conditions, applying conforming
   //     constraints for non-conforming AMR, static condensation, etc.
@@ -258,7 +250,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      cout << "Size of linear system: " << A.GetGlobalNumRows() << endl;
   }

-   // 14. Define and apply a parallel PCG solver for A X = B with the BoomerAMG
+   // 13. Define and apply a parallel PCG solver for A X = B with the BoomerAMG
   //     preconditioner from hypre.
   HypreBoomerAMG *amg = new HypreBoomerAMG(A);
   if (amg_elast && !a->StaticCondensationIsEnabled())
@@ -276,11 +268,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   pcg->SetPreconditioner(*amg);
   pcg->Mult(B, X);

-   // 15. Recover the parallel grid function corresponding to X. This is the
+   // 14. Recover the parallel grid function corresponding to X. This is the
   //     local finite element solution on each processor.
   a->RecoverFEMSolution(X, *b, x);

-   // 16. For non-NURBS meshes, make the mesh curved based on the finite element
+   // 15. For non-NURBS meshes, make the mesh curved based on the finite element
   //     space. This means that we define the mesh elements through a fespace
   //     based transformation of the reference element.  This allows us to save
   //     the displaced mesh as a curved mesh when using high-order finite
@@ -292,7 +284,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      pmesh->SetNodalFESpace(fespace);
   }

-   // 17. Save in parallel the displaced mesh and the inverted solution (which
+   // 16. Save in parallel the displaced mesh and the inverted solution (which
   //     gives the backward displacements to the original grid). This output
   //     can be viewed later using GLVis: "glvis -np <np> -m mesh -g sol".
   {
@@ -313,7 +305,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      x.Save(sol_ofs);
   }

-   // 18. Send the above data by socket to a GLVis server.  Use the "n" and "b"
+   // 17. Send the above data by socket to a GLVis server.  Use the "n" and "b"
   //     keys in GLVis to visualize the displacements.
   if (visualization)
   {
@@ -325,7 +317,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      sol_sock << "solution\n" << *pmesh << x << flush;
   }

-   // 19. Free the used memory.
+   // 18. Free the used memory.
   delete pcg;
   delete amg;
   delete a;
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      {
         args.PrintUsage(cout);
      }
-      // HYPRE_Finalize();
      MPI_Finalize();
      return 1;
   }
@@ -197,7 +197,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      SparseMatrix &M(mVarf->SpMat());
      SparseMatrix &B(bVarf->SpMat());
      B *= -1.;
-      if (Device::IsEnabled()) { B.BuildTranspose(); }
      Bt = new TransposeOperator(&B);

      darcyOp.SetBlock(0,0, &M);
@@ -241,7 +240,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
      SparseMatrix &M(mVarf->SpMat());
      M.GetDiag(Md);
-      Md.HostReadWrite();

      SparseMatrix &B(bVarf->SpMat());
      MinvBt = Transpose(B);
@@ -289,18 +287,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   chrono.Stop();

   if (solver.GetConverged())
-   {
      std::cout << "MINRES converged in " << solver.GetNumIterations()
-                << " iterations with a residual norm of "
-                << solver.GetFinalNorm() << ".\n";
-   }
+                << " iterations with a residual norm of " << solver.GetFinalNorm() << ".\n";
   else
-   {
      std::cout << "MINRES did not converge in " << solver.GetNumIterations()
-                << " iterations. Residual norm is " << solver.GetFinalNorm()
-                << ".\n";
-   }
-   std::cout << "MINRES solver took " << chrono.RealTime() << "s.\n";
+                << " iterations. Residual norm is " << solver.GetFinalNorm() << ".\n";
+   std::cout << "MINRES solver took " << chrono.RealTime() << "s. \n";

   // 12. Create the grid functions u and p. Compute the L2 error norms.
   GridFunction u, p;
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   int order = 2;
   bool always_snap = false;
   bool visualization = 1;
-   const char *device_config = "cpu";

   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
   args.AddOption(&elem_type, "-e", "--elem",
@@ -66,8 +65,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                  "--snap-at-the-end",
                  "If true, snap nodes to the sphere initially and after each refinement "
                  "otherwise, snap only after the last refinement");
-   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
-                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.Parse();
   if (!args.Good())
   {
@@ -83,12 +80,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      args.PrintOptions(cout);
   }

-   // 3. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
-   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
-   Device device(device_config);
-   if (myid == 0) { device.Print(); }
-
-   // 4. Generate an initial high-order (surface) mesh on the unit sphere. The
+   // 3. Generate an initial high-order (surface) mesh on the unit sphere. The
   //    Mesh object represents a 2D mesh in 3 spatial dimensions. We first add
   //    the elements and the vertices of the mesh, and then make it high-order
   //    by specifying a finite element space for its nodes.
@@ -154,7 +146,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   FiniteElementSpace nodal_fes(mesh, &fec, mesh->SpaceDimension());
   mesh->SetNodalFESpace(&nodal_fes);

-   // 5. Refine the mesh while snapping nodes to the sphere. Number of parallel
+   // 4. Refine the mesh while snapping nodes to the sphere. Number of parallel
   //    refinements is fixed to 2.
   for (int l = 0; l <= ref_levels; l++)
   {
@@ -226,7 +218,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      SnapNodes(*pmesh);
   }

-   // 6. Define a finite element space on the mesh. Here we use isoparametric
+   // 5. Define a finite element space on the mesh. Here we use isoparametric
   //    finite elements -- the same as the mesh nodes.
   ParFiniteElementSpace *fespace = new ParFiniteElementSpace(pmesh, &fec);
   HYPRE_BigInt size = fespace->GlobalTrueVSize();
@@ -235,7 +227,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      cout << "Number of unknowns: " << size << endl;
   }

-   // 7. Set up the linear form b(.) which corresponds to the right-hand side of
+   // 6. Set up the linear form b(.) which corresponds to the right-hand side of
   //    the FEM linear system, which in this case is (1,phi_i) where phi_i are
   //    the basis functions in the finite element fespace.
   ParLinearForm *b = new ParLinearForm(fespace);
@@ -245,27 +237,27 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   b->AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(rhs_coef));
   b->Assemble();

-   // 8. Define the solution vector x as a finite element grid function
+   // 7. Define the solution vector x as a finite element grid function
   //    corresponding to fespace. Initialize x with initial guess of zero.
   ParGridFunction x(fespace);
   x = 0.0;

-   // 9. Set up the bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
+   // 8. Set up the bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
   //    corresponding to the Laplacian operator -Delta, by adding the Diffusion
   //    and Mass domain integrators.
   ParBilinearForm *a = new ParBilinearForm(fespace);
   a->AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));
   a->AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator(one));

-   // 10. Assemble the parallel linear system, applying any transformations
-   //     such as: parallel assembly, applying conforming constraints, etc.
+   // 9. Assemble the parallel linear system, applying any transformations
+   //    such as: parallel assembly, applying conforming constraints, etc.
   a->Assemble();
   HypreParMatrix A;
   Vector B, X;
   Array<int> empty_tdof_list;
   a->FormLinearSystem(empty_tdof_list, x, *b, A, X, B);

-   // 11. Define and apply a parallel PCG solver for AX=B with the BoomerAMG
+   // 10. Define and apply a parallel PCG solver for AX=B with the BoomerAMG
   //     preconditioner from hypre. Extract the parallel grid function x
   //     corresponding to the finite element approximation X. This is the local
   //     solution on each processor.
@@ -281,14 +273,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   delete a;
   delete b;

-   // 12. Compute and print the L^2 norm of the error.
+   // 11. Compute and print the L^2 norm of the error.
   double err = x.ComputeL2Error(sol_coef);
   if (myid == 0)
   {
      cout << "\nL2 norm of error: " << err << endl;
   }

-   // 13. Save the refined mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed
+   // 12. Save the refined mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed
   //     later using GLVis: "glvis -np <np> -m sphere_refined -g sol".
   {
      ostringstream mesh_name, sol_name;
@@ -304,7 +296,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      x.Save(sol_ofs);
   }

-   // 14. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
+   // 13. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
   if (visualization)
   {
      char vishost[] = "localhost";
@@ -315,7 +307,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      sol_sock << "solution\n" << *pmesh << x << flush;
   }

-   // 15. Free the used memory.
+   // 14. Free the used memory.
   delete pcg;
   delete amg;
   delete fespace;
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@ SEQ_EXAMPLES = ex0 ex1 ex2 ex3 ex4 ex5 ex6 ex7 ex8 ex9 ex10 ex14 ex15 ex16 \
 PAR_EXAMPLES = ex0p ex1p ex2p ex3p ex4p ex5p ex6p ex7p ex8p ex9p ex10p ex11p \
  ex12p ex13p ex14p ex15p ex16p ex17p ex18p ex19p ex20p ex21p ex22p ex24p \
  ex25p ex26p ex27p ex28p ex29p
-SEQ_DEVICE_EXAMPLES = ex1 ex3 ex4 ex5 ex6 ex9 ex22 ex24 ex25 ex26
-PAR_DEVICE_EXAMPLES = ex1p ex2p ex3p ex4p ex5p ex6p ex7p ex9p ex13p ex22p \
-  ex24p ex25p ex26p

 ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),NO)
   EXAMPLES = $(SEQ_EXAMPLES)
@@ -45,9 +42,6 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_HIOP),YES)
   SUBDIRS += hiop
 endif
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_EPIC),YES)
-   SUBDIRS += epic
-endif
 ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_PETSC),YES)
   SUBDIRS += petsc
 endif
@@ -105,14 +99,6 @@ RUN_MPI = $(MFEM_MPIEXEC) $(MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP) $(MFEM_MPI_NP)
 	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), Parallel example)
 %-test-seq: %
 	@$(call mfem-test,$<,, Serial example)
-%-test-par-cuda: %
-	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), Parallel CUDA example,-d cuda)
-%-test-seq-cuda: %
-	@$(call mfem-test,$<,, Serial CUDA example,-d cuda)
-%-test-par-hip: %
-	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), Parallel HIP example,-d hip)
-%-test-seq-hip: %
-	@$(call mfem-test,$<,, Serial HIP example,-d hip)

 # Testing: Specific execution options
 ex0-test-seq: ex0
@@ -282,10 +282,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   superlu->SetOperator(*SLU_A);
   superlu->SetPrintStatistics(true);
   superlu->Mult(B, X);
-   superlu->DismantleGrid();
-
-   delete SLU_A;
-   delete superlu;

   // 14. Recover the parallel grid function corresponding to X. This is the
   //     local finite element solution on each processor.
@@ -184,11 +184,6 @@ if (MFEM_USE_ADIOS2)
  list(APPEND HDRS adios2datacollection.hpp)
 endif()

-if (MFEM_USE_FMS)
-  list(APPEND SRCS fmsdatacollection.cpp fmsconvert.cpp)
-  list(APPEND HDRS fmsdatacollection.hpp fmsconvert.hpp)
-endif()
-
 if (MFEM_USE_MPI)
  list(APPEND SRCS
    pbilinearform.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void BilinearForm::AllocMat()
   const Table &elem_dof = fes->GetElementToDofTable();
   Table dof_dof;

-   if (interior_face_integs.Size() > 0)
+   if (fbfi.Size() > 0)
   {
      // the sparsity pattern is defined from the map: face->element->dof
      Table face_dof, dof_face;
@@ -99,15 +99,15 @@ BilinearForm::BilinearForm (FiniteElementSpace * f, BilinearForm * bf, int ps)
   ext = NULL;

   // Copy the pointers to the integrators
-   domain_integs = bf->domain_integs;
+   dbfi = bf->dbfi;

-   boundary_integs = bf->boundary_integs;
-   boundary_integs_marker = bf->boundary_integs_marker;
+   bbfi = bf->bbfi;
+   bbfi_marker = bf->bbfi_marker;

-   interior_face_integs = bf->interior_face_integs;
+   fbfi = bf->fbfi;

-   boundary_face_integs = bf->boundary_face_integs;
-   boundary_face_integs_marker = bf->boundary_face_integs_marker;
+   bfbfi = bf->bfbfi;
+   bfbfi_marker = bf->bfbfi_marker;

   AllocMat();
 }
@@ -234,47 +234,46 @@ void BilinearForm::Finalize (int skip_zeros)

 void BilinearForm::AddDomainIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator *bfi)
 {
-   domain_integs.Append(bfi);
-   domain_integs_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL marker means apply everywhere
+   dbfi.Append(bfi);
+   dbfi_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL marker means apply everywhere
 }

 void BilinearForm::AddDomainIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator *bfi,
                                       Array<int> &elem_marker)
 {
-   domain_integs.Append(bfi);
-   domain_integs_marker.Append(&elem_marker);
+   dbfi.Append(bfi);
+   dbfi_marker.Append(&elem_marker);
 }

 void BilinearForm::AddBoundaryIntegrator (BilinearFormIntegrator * bfi)
 {
-   boundary_integs.Append (bfi);
-   boundary_integs_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL marker means apply everywhere
+   bbfi.Append (bfi);
+   bbfi_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL marker means apply everywhere
 }

 void BilinearForm::AddBoundaryIntegrator (BilinearFormIntegrator * bfi,
                                          Array<int> &bdr_marker)
 {
-   boundary_integs.Append (bfi);
-   boundary_integs_marker.Append(&bdr_marker);
+   bbfi.Append (bfi);
+   bbfi_marker.Append(&bdr_marker);
 }

 void BilinearForm::AddInteriorFaceIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator * bfi)
 {
-   interior_face_integs.Append (bfi);
+   fbfi.Append (bfi);
 }

 void BilinearForm::AddBdrFaceIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator *bfi)
 {
-   boundary_face_integs.Append(bfi);
-   // NULL marker means apply everywhere
-   boundary_face_integs_marker.Append(NULL);
+   bfbfi.Append(bfi);
+   bfbfi_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL marker means apply everywhere
 }

 void BilinearForm::AddBdrFaceIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator *bfi,
                                        Array<int> &bdr_marker)
 {
-   boundary_face_integs.Append(bfi);
-   boundary_face_integs_marker.Append(&bdr_marker);
+   bfbfi.Append(bfi);
+   bfbfi_marker.Append(&bdr_marker);
 }

 void BilinearForm::ComputeElementMatrix(int i, DenseMatrix &elmat)
@@ -286,14 +285,14 @@ void BilinearForm::ComputeElementMatrix(int i, DenseMatrix &elmat)
      return;
   }

-   if (domain_integs.Size())
+   if (dbfi.Size())
   {
      const FiniteElement &fe = *fes->GetFE(i);
      ElementTransformation *eltrans = fes->GetElementTransformation(i);
-      domain_integs[0]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, *eltrans, elmat);
-      for (int k = 1; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++)
+      dbfi[0]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, *eltrans, elmat);
+      for (int k = 1; k < dbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         domain_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, *eltrans, elemmat);
+         dbfi[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, *eltrans, elemmat);
         elmat += elemmat;
      }
   }
@@ -307,14 +306,14 @@ void BilinearForm::ComputeElementMatrix(int i, DenseMatrix &elmat)

 void BilinearForm::ComputeBdrElementMatrix(int i, DenseMatrix &elmat)
 {
-   if (boundary_integs.Size())
+   if (bbfi.Size())
   {
      const FiniteElement &be = *fes->GetBE(i);
      ElementTransformation *eltrans = fes->GetBdrElementTransformation(i);
-      boundary_integs[0]->AssembleElementMatrix(be, *eltrans, elmat);
-      for (int k = 1; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+      bbfi[0]->AssembleElementMatrix(be, *eltrans, elmat);
+      for (int k = 1; k < bbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         boundary_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(be, *eltrans, elemmat);
+         bbfi[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(be, *eltrans, elemmat);
         elmat += elemmat;
      }
   }
@@ -408,14 +407,13 @@ void BilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
   }
 #endif

-   if (domain_integs.Size())
+   if (dbfi.Size())
   {
-      for (int k = 0; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < dbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         if (domain_integs_marker[k] != NULL)
+         if (dbfi_marker[k] != NULL)
         {
-            MFEM_VERIFY(mesh->attributes.Size() ==
-                        domain_integs_marker[k]->Size(),
+            MFEM_VERIFY(mesh->attributes.Size() == dbfi_marker[k]->Size(),
                        "invalid element marker for domain integrator #"
                        << k << ", counting from zero");
         }
@@ -432,14 +430,14 @@ void BilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
         else
         {
            elmat.SetSize(0);
-            for (int k = 0; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++)
+            for (int k = 0; k < dbfi.Size(); k++)
            {
-               if ( domain_integs_marker[k] == NULL ||
-                    (*(domain_integs_marker[k]))[elem_attr-1] == 1)
+               if ( dbfi_marker[k] == NULL ||
+                    (*(dbfi_marker[k]))[elem_attr-1] == 1)
               {
                  const FiniteElement &fe = *fes->GetFE(i);
                  eltrans = fes->GetElementTransformation(i);
-                  domain_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, *eltrans, elemmat);
+                  dbfi[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, *eltrans, elemmat);
                  if (elmat.Size() == 0)
                  {
                     elmat = elemmat;
@@ -474,20 +472,20 @@ void BilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
      }
   }

-   if (boundary_integs.Size())
+   if (bbfi.Size())
   {
      // Which boundary attributes need to be processed?
      Array<int> bdr_attr_marker(mesh->bdr_attributes.Size() ?
                                 mesh->bdr_attributes.Max() : 0);
      bdr_attr_marker = 0;
-      for (int k = 0; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < bbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         if (boundary_integs_marker[k] == NULL)
+         if (bbfi_marker[k] == NULL)
         {
            bdr_attr_marker = 1;
            break;
         }
-         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *boundary_integs_marker[k];
+         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *bbfi_marker[k];
         MFEM_ASSERT(bdr_marker.Size() == bdr_attr_marker.Size(),
                     "invalid boundary marker for boundary integrator #"
                     << k << ", counting from zero");
@@ -506,21 +504,21 @@ void BilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
         fes -> GetBdrElementVDofs (i, vdofs);
         eltrans = fes -> GetBdrElementTransformation (i);
         int k = 0;
-         for (; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+         for (; k < bbfi.Size(); k++)
         {
-            if (boundary_integs_marker[k] &&
-                (*boundary_integs_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }
+            if (bbfi_marker[k] &&
+                (*bbfi_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }

-            boundary_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(be, *eltrans, elmat);
+            bbfi[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(be, *eltrans, elmat);
            k++;
            break;
         }
-         for (; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+         for (; k < bbfi.Size(); k++)
         {
-            if (boundary_integs_marker[k] &&
-                (*boundary_integs_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }
+            if (bbfi_marker[k] &&
+                (*bbfi_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }

-            boundary_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(be, *eltrans, elemmat);
+            bbfi[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(be, *eltrans, elemmat);
            elmat += elemmat;
         }
         if (!static_cond)
@@ -538,7 +536,7 @@ void BilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
      }
   }

-   if (interior_face_integs.Size())
+   if (fbfi.Size())
   {
      FaceElementTransformations *tr;
      Array<int> vdofs2;
@@ -552,19 +550,18 @@ void BilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
            fes -> GetElementVDofs (tr -> Elem1No, vdofs);
            fes -> GetElementVDofs (tr -> Elem2No, vdofs2);
            vdofs.Append (vdofs2);
-            for (int k = 0; k < interior_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+            for (int k = 0; k < fbfi.Size(); k++)
            {
-               interior_face_integs[k]->
-               AssembleFaceMatrix(*fes->GetFE(tr->Elem1No),
-                                  *fes->GetFE(tr->Elem2No),
-                                  *tr, elemmat);
+               fbfi[k] -> AssembleFaceMatrix (*fes -> GetFE (tr -> Elem1No),
+                                              *fes -> GetFE (tr -> Elem2No),
+                                              *tr, elemmat);
               mat -> AddSubMatrix (vdofs, vdofs, elemmat, skip_zeros);
            }
         }
      }
   }

-   if (boundary_face_integs.Size())
+   if (bfbfi.Size())
   {
      FaceElementTransformations *tr;
      const FiniteElement *fe1, *fe2;
@@ -573,14 +570,14 @@ void BilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
      Array<int> bdr_attr_marker(mesh->bdr_attributes.Size() ?
                                 mesh->bdr_attributes.Max() : 0);
      bdr_attr_marker = 0;
-      for (int k = 0; k < boundary_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < bfbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         if (boundary_face_integs_marker[k] == NULL)
+         if (bfbfi_marker[k] == NULL)
         {
            bdr_attr_marker = 1;
            break;
         }
-         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *boundary_face_integs_marker[k];
+         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *bfbfi_marker[k];
         MFEM_ASSERT(bdr_marker.Size() == bdr_attr_marker.Size(),
                     "invalid boundary marker for boundary face integrator #"
                     << k << ", counting from zero");
@@ -604,14 +601,12 @@ void BilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
            // but we can't dereference a NULL pointer, and we don't want to
            // actually make a fake element.
            fe2 = fe1;
-            for (int k = 0; k < boundary_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+            for (int k = 0; k < bfbfi.Size(); k++)
            {
-               if (boundary_face_integs_marker[k] &&
-                   (*boundary_face_integs_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0)
-               { continue; }
+               if (bfbfi_marker[k] &&
+                   (*bfbfi_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }

-               boundary_face_integs[k] -> AssembleFaceMatrix (*fe1, *fe2, *tr,
-                                                              elemmat);
+               bfbfi[k] -> AssembleFaceMatrix (*fe1, *fe2, *tr, elemmat);
               mat -> AddSubMatrix (vdofs, vdofs, elemmat, skip_zeros);
            }
         }
@@ -725,8 +720,8 @@ void BilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list, Vector &x,
      {
         // A, X and B point to the same data as mat, x and b
         EliminateVDofsInRHS(ess_tdof_list, x, b);
-         X.MakeRef(x, 0, x.Size());
-         B.MakeRef(b, 0, b.Size());
+         X.NewMemoryAndSize(x.GetMemory(), x.Size(), false);
+         B.NewMemoryAndSize(b.GetMemory(), b.Size(), false);
         if (!copy_interior) { X.SetSubVectorComplement(ess_tdof_list, 0.0); }
      }
   }
@@ -862,7 +857,7 @@ void BilinearForm::RecoverFEMSolution(const Vector &X,

 void BilinearForm::ComputeElementMatrices()
 {
-   if (element_matrices || domain_integs.Size() == 0 || fes->GetNE() == 0)
+   if (element_matrices || dbfi.Size() == 0 || fes->GetNE() == 0)
   {
      return;
   }
@@ -891,11 +886,11 @@ void BilinearForm::ComputeElementMatrices()
 #endif
      fes->GetElementTransformation(i, &eltrans);

-      domain_integs[0]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, eltrans, elmat);
-      for (int k = 1; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++)
+      dbfi[0]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, eltrans, elmat);
+      for (int k = 1; k < dbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
         // note: some integrators may not be thread-safe
-         domain_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, eltrans, tmp);
+         dbfi[k]->AssembleElementMatrix(fe, eltrans, tmp);
         elmat += tmp;
      }
      elmat.ClearExternalData();
@@ -1110,12 +1105,10 @@ BilinearForm::~BilinearForm()
   if (!extern_bfs)
   {
      int k;
-      for (k=0; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++) { delete domain_integs[k]; }
-      for (k=0; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++) { delete boundary_integs[k]; }
-      for (k=0; k < interior_face_integs.Size(); k++)
-      { delete interior_face_integs[k]; }
-      for (k=0; k < boundary_face_integs.Size(); k++)
-      { delete boundary_face_integs[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < dbfi.Size(); k++) { delete dbfi[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < bbfi.Size(); k++) { delete bbfi[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < fbfi.Size(); k++) { delete fbfi[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < bfbfi.Size(); k++) { delete bfbfi[k]; }
   }

   delete ext;
@@ -1148,13 +1141,13 @@ MixedBilinearForm::MixedBilinearForm (FiniteElementSpace *tr_fes,
   ext = NULL;

   // Copy the pointers to the integrators
-   domain_integs = mbf->domain_integs;
-   boundary_integs = mbf->boundary_integs;
-   trace_face_integs = mbf->trace_face_integs;
-   boundary_trace_face_integs = mbf->boundary_trace_face_integs;
+   dbfi = mbf->dbfi;
+   bbfi = mbf->bbfi;
+   tfbfi = mbf->tfbfi;
+   btfbfi = mbf->btfbfi;

-   boundary_integs_marker = mbf->boundary_integs_marker;
-   boundary_trace_face_integs_marker = mbf->boundary_trace_face_integs_marker;
+   bbfi_marker = mbf->bbfi_marker;
+   btfbfi_marker = mbf->btfbfi_marker;

   assembly = AssemblyLevel::LEGACY;
   ext = NULL;
@@ -1243,8 +1236,7 @@ MatrixInverse * MixedBilinearForm::Inverse() const
 {
   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::LEGACY)
   {
-      MFEM_WARNING("MixedBilinearForm::Inverse not possible with this "
-                   "assembly level!");
+      MFEM_WARNING("MixedBilinearForm::Inverse not possible with this assembly level!");
      return NULL;
   }
   else
@@ -1275,39 +1267,38 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::GetBlocks(Array2D<SparseMatrix *> &blocks) const

 void MixedBilinearForm::AddDomainIntegrator (BilinearFormIntegrator * bfi)
 {
-   domain_integs.Append (bfi);
+   dbfi.Append (bfi);
 }

 void MixedBilinearForm::AddBoundaryIntegrator (BilinearFormIntegrator * bfi)
 {
-   boundary_integs.Append (bfi);
-   boundary_integs_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL marker means apply everywhere
+   bbfi.Append (bfi);
+   bbfi_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL marker means apply everywhere
 }

 void MixedBilinearForm::AddBoundaryIntegrator (BilinearFormIntegrator * bfi,
                                               Array<int> &bdr_marker)
 {
-   boundary_integs.Append (bfi);
-   boundary_integs_marker.Append(&bdr_marker);
+   bbfi.Append (bfi);
+   bbfi_marker.Append(&bdr_marker);
 }

 void MixedBilinearForm::AddTraceFaceIntegrator (BilinearFormIntegrator * bfi)
 {
-   trace_face_integs.Append (bfi);
+   tfbfi.Append (bfi);
 }

 void MixedBilinearForm::AddBdrTraceFaceIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator *bfi)
 {
-   boundary_trace_face_integs.Append(bfi);
-   // NULL marker means apply everywhere
-   boundary_trace_face_integs_marker.Append(NULL);
+   btfbfi.Append(bfi);
+   btfbfi_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL marker means apply everywhere
 }

 void MixedBilinearForm::AddBdrTraceFaceIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator *bfi,
                                                  Array<int> &bdr_marker)
 {
-   boundary_trace_face_integs.Append(bfi);
-   boundary_trace_face_integs_marker.Append(&bdr_marker);
+   btfbfi.Append(bfi);
+   btfbfi_marker.Append(&bdr_marker);
 }

 void MixedBilinearForm::Assemble (int skip_zeros)
@@ -1329,37 +1320,37 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::Assemble (int skip_zeros)
      mat = new SparseMatrix(height, width);
   }

-   if (domain_integs.Size())
+   if (dbfi.Size())
   {
      for (int i = 0; i < test_fes -> GetNE(); i++)
      {
         trial_fes -> GetElementVDofs (i, tr_vdofs);
         test_fes  -> GetElementVDofs (i, te_vdofs);
         eltrans = test_fes -> GetElementTransformation (i);
-         for (int k = 0; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++)
+         for (int k = 0; k < dbfi.Size(); k++)
         {
-            domain_integs[k] -> AssembleElementMatrix2 (*trial_fes -> GetFE(i),
-                                                        *test_fes  -> GetFE(i),
-                                                        *eltrans, elemmat);
+            dbfi[k] -> AssembleElementMatrix2 (*trial_fes -> GetFE(i),
+                                               *test_fes  -> GetFE(i),
+                                               *eltrans, elemmat);
            mat -> AddSubMatrix (te_vdofs, tr_vdofs, elemmat, skip_zeros);
         }
      }
   }

-   if (boundary_integs.Size())
+   if (bbfi.Size())
   {
      // Which boundary attributes need to be processed?
      Array<int> bdr_attr_marker(mesh->bdr_attributes.Size() ?
                                 mesh->bdr_attributes.Max() : 0);
      bdr_attr_marker = 0;
-      for (int k = 0; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < bbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         if (boundary_integs_marker[k] == NULL)
+         if (bbfi_marker[k] == NULL)
         {
            bdr_attr_marker = 1;
            break;
         }
-         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *boundary_integs_marker[k];
+         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *bbfi_marker[k];
         MFEM_ASSERT(bdr_marker.Size() == bdr_attr_marker.Size(),
                     "invalid boundary marker for boundary integrator #"
                     << k << ", counting from zero");
@@ -1377,20 +1368,20 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::Assemble (int skip_zeros)
         trial_fes -> GetBdrElementVDofs (i, tr_vdofs);
         test_fes  -> GetBdrElementVDofs (i, te_vdofs);
         eltrans = test_fes -> GetBdrElementTransformation (i);
-         for (int k = 0; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+         for (int k = 0; k < bbfi.Size(); k++)
         {
-            if (boundary_integs_marker[k] &&
-                (*boundary_integs_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }
+            if (bbfi_marker[k] &&
+                (*bbfi_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }

-            boundary_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix2 (*trial_fes -> GetBE(i),
-                                                        *test_fes  -> GetBE(i),
-                                                        *eltrans, elemmat);
+            bbfi[k] -> AssembleElementMatrix2 (*trial_fes -> GetBE(i),
+                                               *test_fes  -> GetBE(i),
+                                               *eltrans, elemmat);
            mat -> AddSubMatrix (te_vdofs, tr_vdofs, elemmat, skip_zeros);
         }
      }
   }

-   if (trace_face_integs.Size())
+   if (tfbfi.Size())
   {
      FaceElementTransformations *ftr;
      Array<int> te_vdofs2;
@@ -1417,16 +1408,16 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::Assemble (int skip_zeros)
            // want to actually make a fake element.
            test_fe2 = test_fe1;
         }
-         for (int k = 0; k < trace_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+         for (int k = 0; k < tfbfi.Size(); k++)
         {
-            trace_face_integs[k]->AssembleFaceMatrix(*trial_face_fe, *test_fe1,
-                                                     *test_fe2, *ftr, elemmat);
+            tfbfi[k]->AssembleFaceMatrix(*trial_face_fe, *test_fe1, *test_fe2,
+                                         *ftr, elemmat);
            mat->AddSubMatrix(te_vdofs, tr_vdofs, elemmat, skip_zeros);
         }
      }
   }

-   if (boundary_trace_face_integs.Size())
+   if (btfbfi.Size())
   {
      FaceElementTransformations *ftr;
      Array<int> te_vdofs2;
@@ -1436,17 +1427,17 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::Assemble (int skip_zeros)
      Array<int> bdr_attr_marker(mesh->bdr_attributes.Size() ?
                                 mesh->bdr_attributes.Max() : 0);
      bdr_attr_marker = 0;
-      for (int k = 0; k < boundary_trace_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < btfbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         if (boundary_trace_face_integs_marker[k] == NULL)
+         if (btfbfi_marker[k] == NULL)
         {
            bdr_attr_marker = 1;
            break;
         }
-         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *boundary_trace_face_integs_marker[k];
+         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *btfbfi_marker[k];
         MFEM_ASSERT(bdr_marker.Size() == bdr_attr_marker.Size(),
-                     "invalid boundary marker for boundary trace face"
-                     "integrator #" << k << ", counting from zero");
+                     "invalid boundary marker for boundary trace face integrator #"
+                     << k << ", counting from zero");
         for (int i = 0; i < bdr_attr_marker.Size(); i++)
         {
            bdr_attr_marker[i] |= bdr_marker[i];
@@ -1469,16 +1460,13 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::Assemble (int skip_zeros)
            // boundaries, but we can't dereference a NULL pointer, and we don't
            // want to actually make a fake element.
            test_fe2 = test_fe1;
-            for (int k = 0; k < boundary_trace_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+            for (int k = 0; k < btfbfi.Size(); k++)
            {
-               if (boundary_trace_face_integs_marker[k] &&
-                   (*boundary_trace_face_integs_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0)
-               { continue; }
+               if (btfbfi_marker[k] &&
+                   (*btfbfi_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }

-               boundary_trace_face_integs[k]->AssembleFaceMatrix(*trial_face_fe,
-                                                                 *test_fe1,
-                                                                 *test_fe2,
-                                                                 *ftr, elemmat);
+               btfbfi[k]->AssembleFaceMatrix(*trial_face_fe, *test_fe1, *test_fe2,
+                                             *ftr, elemmat);
               mat->AddSubMatrix(te_vdofs, tr_vdofs, elemmat, skip_zeros);
            }
         }
@@ -1569,17 +1557,15 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::ConformingAssemble()

 void MixedBilinearForm::ComputeElementMatrix(int i, DenseMatrix &elmat)
 {
-   if (domain_integs.Size())
+   if (dbfi.Size())
   {
      const FiniteElement &trial_fe = *trial_fes->GetFE(i);
      const FiniteElement &test_fe = *test_fes->GetFE(i);
      ElementTransformation *eltrans = test_fes->GetElementTransformation(i);
-      domain_integs[0]->AssembleElementMatrix2(trial_fe, test_fe, *eltrans,
-                                               elmat);
-      for (int k = 1; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++)
+      dbfi[0]->AssembleElementMatrix2(trial_fe, test_fe, *eltrans, elmat);
+      for (int k = 1; k < dbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         domain_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix2(trial_fe, test_fe, *eltrans,
-                                                  elemmat);
+         dbfi[k]->AssembleElementMatrix2(trial_fe, test_fe, *eltrans, elemmat);
         elmat += elemmat;
      }
   }
@@ -1594,17 +1580,15 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::ComputeElementMatrix(int i, DenseMatrix &elmat)

 void MixedBilinearForm::ComputeBdrElementMatrix(int i, DenseMatrix &elmat)
 {
-   if (boundary_integs.Size())
+   if (bbfi.Size())
   {
      const FiniteElement &trial_be = *trial_fes->GetBE(i);
      const FiniteElement &test_be = *test_fes->GetBE(i);
      ElementTransformation *eltrans = test_fes->GetBdrElementTransformation(i);
-      boundary_integs[0]->AssembleElementMatrix2(trial_be, test_be, *eltrans,
-                                                 elmat);
-      for (int k = 1; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+      bbfi[0]->AssembleElementMatrix2(trial_be, test_be, *eltrans, elmat);
+      for (int k = 1; k < bbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         boundary_integs[k]->AssembleElementMatrix2(trial_be, test_be, *eltrans,
-                                                    elemmat);
+         bbfi[k]->AssembleElementMatrix2(trial_be, test_be, *eltrans, elemmat);
         elmat += elemmat;
      }
   }
@@ -1704,10 +1688,10 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::EliminateTestDofs (const Array<int> &bdr_attr_is_ess)
      }
 }

-void MixedBilinearForm::FormRectangularSystemMatrix(
-   const Array<int> &trial_tdof_list,
-   const Array<int> &test_tdof_list,
-   OperatorHandle &A)
+void MixedBilinearForm::FormRectangularSystemMatrix(const Array<int>
+                                                    &trial_tdof_list,
+                                                    const Array<int> &test_tdof_list,
+                                                    OperatorHandle &A)

 {
   if (ext)
@@ -1745,17 +1729,17 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::FormRectangularSystemMatrix(
   A.Reset(mat, false);
 }

-void MixedBilinearForm::FormRectangularLinearSystem(
-   const Array<int> &trial_tdof_list,
-   const Array<int> &test_tdof_list,
-   Vector &x, Vector &b,
-   OperatorHandle &A,
-   Vector &X, Vector &B)
+void MixedBilinearForm::FormRectangularLinearSystem(const Array<int>
+                                                    &trial_tdof_list,
+                                                    const Array<int> &test_tdof_list,
+                                                    Vector &x, Vector &b,
+                                                    OperatorHandle &A,
+                                                    Vector &X, Vector &B)
 {
   if (ext)
   {
-      ext->FormRectangularLinearSystem(trial_tdof_list, test_tdof_list,
-                                       x, b, A, X, B);
+      ext->FormRectangularLinearSystem(trial_tdof_list, test_tdof_list, x, b, A, X,
+                                       B);
      return;
   }

@@ -1793,13 +1777,10 @@ MixedBilinearForm::~MixedBilinearForm()
   if (!extern_bfs)
   {
      int i;
-      for (i = 0; i < domain_integs.Size(); i++) { delete domain_integs[i]; }
-      for (i = 0; i < boundary_integs.Size(); i++)
-      { delete boundary_integs[i]; }
-      for (i = 0; i < trace_face_integs.Size(); i++)
-      { delete trace_face_integs[i]; }
-      for (i = 0; i < boundary_trace_face_integs.Size(); i++)
-      { delete boundary_trace_face_integs[i]; }
+      for (i = 0; i < dbfi.Size(); i++) { delete dbfi[i]; }
+      for (i = 0; i < bbfi.Size(); i++) { delete bbfi[i]; }
+      for (i = 0; i < tfbfi.Size(); i++) { delete tfbfi[i]; }
+      for (i = 0; i < btfbfi.Size(); i++) { delete btfbfi[i]; }
   }
   delete ext;
 }
@@ -1849,7 +1830,7 @@ void DiscreteLinearOperator::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
      mat = new SparseMatrix(height, width);
   }

-   if (domain_integs.Size() > 0)
+   if (dbfi.Size() > 0)
   {
      for (int i = 0; i < test_fes->GetNE(); i++)
      {
@@ -1859,19 +1840,17 @@ void DiscreteLinearOperator::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
         dom_fe = trial_fes->GetFE(i);
         ran_fe = test_fes->GetFE(i);

-         domain_integs[0]->AssembleElementMatrix2(*dom_fe, *ran_fe, *T,
-                                                  totelmat);
-         for (int j = 1; j < domain_integs.Size(); j++)
+         dbfi[0]->AssembleElementMatrix2(*dom_fe, *ran_fe, *T, totelmat);
+         for (int j = 1; j < dbfi.Size(); j++)
         {
-            domain_integs[j]->AssembleElementMatrix2(*dom_fe, *ran_fe, *T,
-                                                     elmat);
+            dbfi[j]->AssembleElementMatrix2(*dom_fe, *ran_fe, *T, elmat);
            totelmat += elmat;
         }
         mat->SetSubMatrix(ran_vdofs, dom_vdofs, totelmat, skip_zeros);
      }
   }

-   if (trace_face_integs.Size())
+   if (tfbfi.Size())
   {
      const int nfaces = test_fes->GetMesh()->GetNumFaces();
      for (int i = 0; i < nfaces; i++)
@@ -1882,12 +1861,10 @@ void DiscreteLinearOperator::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
         dom_fe = trial_fes->GetFaceElement(i);
         ran_fe = test_fes->GetFaceElement(i);

-         trace_face_integs[0]->AssembleElementMatrix2(*dom_fe, *ran_fe, *T,
-                                                      totelmat);
-         for (int j = 1; j < trace_face_integs.Size(); j++)
+         tfbfi[0]->AssembleElementMatrix2(*dom_fe, *ran_fe, *T, totelmat);
+         for (int j = 1; j < tfbfi.Size(); j++)
         {
-            trace_face_integs[j]->AssembleElementMatrix2(*dom_fe, *ran_fe, *T,
-                                                         elmat);
+            tfbfi[j]->AssembleElementMatrix2(*dom_fe, *ran_fe, *T, elmat);
            totelmat += elmat;
         }
         mat->SetSubMatrix(ran_vdofs, dom_vdofs, totelmat, skip_zeros);
@@ -84,29 +84,28 @@ protected:
       the BilinearForm. */
   long sequence;

-   /** @brief Indicates the BilinearFormIntegrator%s stored in #domain_integs,
-       #boundary_integs, #interior_face_integs, and #boundary_face_integs are
-       owned by another BilinearForm. */
+   /** @brief Indicates the BilinearFormIntegrator%s stored in #dbfi, #bbfi,
+       #fbfi, and #bfbfi are owned by another BilinearForm. */
   int extern_bfs;

   /// Set of Domain Integrators to be applied.
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> domain_integs;
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> dbfi;
   /// Element attribute marker (should be of length mesh->attributes)
   /// Includes all by default.
   /// 0 - ignore attribute
   /// 1 - include attribute
-   Array<Array<int>*>             domain_integs_marker;
+   Array<Array<int>*>             dbfi_marker;

   /// Set of Boundary Integrators to be applied.
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> boundary_integs;
-   Array<Array<int>*> boundary_integs_marker; ///< Entries are not owned.
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> bbfi;
+   Array<Array<int>*>             bbfi_marker; ///< Entries are not owned.

   /// Set of interior face Integrators to be applied.
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> interior_face_integs;
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> fbfi;

   /// Set of boundary face Integrators to be applied.
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> boundary_face_integs;
-   Array<Array<int>*> boundary_face_integs_marker; ///< Entries are not owned.
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> bfbfi;
+   Array<Array<int>*>             bfbfi_marker; ///< Entries are not owned.

   DenseMatrix elemmat;
   Array<int>  vdofs;
@@ -232,25 +231,24 @@ public:
   void AllocateMatrix() { if (mat == NULL) { AllocMat(); } }

   /// Access all the integrators added with AddDomainIntegrator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetDBFI() { return &domain_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetDBFI() { return &dbfi; }

   /// Access all the integrators added with AddBoundaryIntegrator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBBFI() { return &boundary_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBBFI() { return &bbfi; }
   /** @brief Access all boundary markers added with AddBoundaryIntegrator().
       If no marker was specified when the integrator was added, the
       corresponding pointer (to Array<int>) will be NULL. */
-   Array<Array<int>*> *GetBBFI_Marker() { return &boundary_integs_marker; }
+   Array<Array<int>*> *GetBBFI_Marker() { return &bbfi_marker; }

   /// Access all integrators added with AddInteriorFaceIntegrator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetFBFI() { return &interior_face_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetFBFI() { return &fbfi; }

   /// Access all integrators added with AddBdrFaceIntegrator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBFBFI() { return &boundary_face_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBFBFI() { return &bfbfi; }
   /** @brief Access all boundary markers added with AddBdrFaceIntegrator().
       If no marker was specified when the integrator was added, the
       corresponding pointer (to Array<int>) will be NULL. */
-   Array<Array<int>*> *GetBFBFI_Marker()
-   { return &boundary_face_integs_marker; }
+   Array<Array<int>*> *GetBFBFI_Marker() { return &bfbfi_marker; }

   /// Returns a reference to: \f$ M_{ij} \f$
   const double &operator()(int i, int j) { return (*mat)(i,j); }
@@ -654,25 +652,23 @@ protected:
       Partial Assembly (PA), or Matrix Free assembly (MF). */
   MixedBilinearFormExtension *ext;

-   /** @brief Indicates the BilinearFormIntegrator%s stored in #domain_integs,
-       #boundary_integs, #trace_face_integs and #boundary_trace_face_integs
-       are owned by another MixedBilinearForm. */
+   /** @brief Indicates the BilinearFormIntegrator%s stored in #dbfi, #bbfi,
+       #tfbfi and #btfbfi are owned by another MixedBilinearForm. */
   int extern_bfs;

   /// Domain integrators.
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> domain_integs;
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> dbfi;

   /// Boundary integrators.
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> boundary_integs;
-   Array<Array<int>*> boundary_integs_marker; ///< Entries are not owned.
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> bbfi;
+   Array<Array<int>*>             bbfi_marker;///< Entries are not owned.

   /// Trace face (skeleton) integrators.
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> trace_face_integs;
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> tfbfi;

   /// Boundary trace face (skeleton) integrators.
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> boundary_trace_face_integs;
-   /// Entries are not owned.
-   Array<Array<int>*> boundary_trace_face_integs_marker;
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> btfbfi;
+   Array<Array<int>*>             btfbfi_marker;///< Entries are not owned.

   DenseMatrix elemmat;
   Array<int>  trial_vdofs, test_vdofs;
@@ -766,26 +762,24 @@ public:
                                   Array<int> &bdr_marker);

   /// Access all integrators added with AddDomainIntegrator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetDBFI() { return &domain_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetDBFI() { return &dbfi; }

   /// Access all integrators added with AddBoundaryIntegrator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBBFI() { return &boundary_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBBFI() { return &bbfi; }
   /** @brief Access all boundary markers added with AddBoundaryIntegrator().
       If no marker was specified when the integrator was added, the
       corresponding pointer (to Array<int>) will be NULL. */
-   Array<Array<int>*> *GetBBFI_Marker() { return &boundary_integs_marker; }
+   Array<Array<int>*> *GetBBFI_Marker() { return &bbfi_marker; }

   /// Access all integrators added with AddTraceFaceIntegrator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetTFBFI() { return &trace_face_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetTFBFI() { return &tfbfi; }

   /// Access all integrators added with AddBdrTraceFaceIntegrator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBTFBFI()
-   { return &boundary_trace_face_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBTFBFI() { return &btfbfi; }
   /** @brief Access all boundary markers added with AddBdrTraceFaceIntegrator().
       If no marker was specified when the integrator was added, the
       corresponding pointer (to Array<int>) will be NULL. */
-   Array<Array<int>*> *GetBTFBFI_Marker()
-   { return &boundary_trace_face_integs_marker; }
+   Array<Array<int>*> *GetBTFBFI_Marker() { return &btfbfi_marker; }

   /// Sets all sparse values of \f$ M \f$ to @a a.
   void operator=(const double a) { *mat = a; }
@@ -1010,7 +1004,7 @@ public:
   { AddTraceFaceIntegrator(di); }

   /// Access all interpolators added with AddDomainInterpolator().
-   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetDI() { return &domain_integs; }
+   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> *GetDI() { return &dbfi; }

   /// Set the desired assembly level. The default is AssemblyLevel::FULL.
   /** This method must be called before assembly. */
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ void MFBilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         {
            intFaceIntegrators[i]->AddMultMF(faceIntX, faceIntY);
         }
-         int_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
+         int_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
      }
   }

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ void MFBilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         {
            bdrFaceIntegrators[i]->AddMultMF(faceBdrX, faceBdrY);
         }
-         bdr_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
+         bdr_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
      }
   }
 }
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ void MFBilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         {
            intFaceIntegrators[i]->AddMultTransposeMF(faceIntX, faceIntY);
         }
-         int_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
+         int_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
      }
   }

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ void MFBilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         {
            bdrFaceIntegrators[i]->AddMultTransposeMF(faceBdrX, faceBdrY);
         }
-         bdr_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
+         bdr_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
      }
   }
 }
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ void PABilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         {
            intFaceIntegrators[i]->AddMultPA(faceIntX, faceIntY);
         }
-         int_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
+         int_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
      }
   }

@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ void PABilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         {
            bdrFaceIntegrators[i]->AddMultPA(faceBdrX, faceBdrY);
         }
-         bdr_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
+         bdr_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
      }
   }
 }
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ void PABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         {
            intFaceIntegrators[i]->AddMultTransposePA(faceIntX, faceIntY);
         }
-         int_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
+         int_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
      }
   }

@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ void PABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         {
            bdrFaceIntegrators[i]->AddMultTransposePA(faceBdrX, faceBdrY);
         }
-         bdr_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
+         bdr_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
      }
   }
 }
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
            Y(j, 0, f) += res;
         });
         // Apply the Interior Face Restriction transposed
-         int_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
+         int_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
      }
   }

@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
            Y(j, f) += res;
         });
         // Apply the Boundary Face Restriction transposed
-         bdr_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
+         bdr_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
      }
   }
 }
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
            Y(j, 0, f) += res;
         });
         // Apply the Interior Face Restriction transposed
-         int_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
+         int_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceIntY, y);
      }
   }

@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
            Y(j, f) += res;
         });
         // Apply the Boundary Face Restriction transposed
-         bdr_face_restrict_lex->AddMultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
+         bdr_face_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(faceBdrY, y);
      }
   }
 }
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ protected:
   mutable Vector faceIntX, faceIntY;
   mutable Vector faceBdrX, faceBdrY;
   const Operator *elem_restrict; // Not owned
-   const FaceRestriction *int_face_restrict_lex; // Not owned
-   const FaceRestriction *bdr_face_restrict_lex; // Not owned
+   const Operator *int_face_restrict_lex; // Not owned
+   const Operator *bdr_face_restrict_lex; // Not owned

 public:
   PABilinearFormExtension(BilinearForm*);
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ protected:
   mutable Vector faceIntX, faceIntY;
   mutable Vector faceBdrX, faceBdrY;
   const Operator *elem_restrict; // Not owned
-   const FaceRestriction *int_face_restrict_lex; // Not owned
-   const FaceRestriction *bdr_face_restrict_lex; // Not owned
+   const Operator *int_face_restrict_lex; // Not owned
+   const Operator *bdr_face_restrict_lex; // Not owned

 public:
   MFBilinearFormExtension(BilinearForm *form);
@@ -175,11 +175,6 @@ void BilinearFormIntegrator::AssembleFaceVector(
   elmat.Mult(elfun, elvect);
 }

-void TransposeIntegrator::SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir)
-{
-   IntRule = ir;
-   bfi->SetIntRule(ir);
-}

 void TransposeIntegrator::AssembleElementMatrix (
   const FiniteElement &el, ElementTransformation &Trans, DenseMatrix &elmat)
@@ -207,12 +202,6 @@ void TransposeIntegrator::AssembleFaceMatrix (
   elmat.Transpose (bfi_elmat);
 }

-void LumpedIntegrator::SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir)
-{
-   IntRule = ir;
-   bfi->SetIntRule(ir);
-}
-
 void LumpedIntegrator::AssembleElementMatrix (
   const FiniteElement &el, ElementTransformation &Trans, DenseMatrix &elmat)
 {
@@ -220,12 +209,6 @@ void LumpedIntegrator::AssembleElementMatrix (
   elmat.Lump();
 }

-void InverseIntegrator::SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir)
-{
-   IntRule = ir;
-   integrator->SetIntRule(ir);
-}
-
 void InverseIntegrator::AssembleElementMatrix(
   const FiniteElement &el, ElementTransformation &Trans, DenseMatrix &elmat)
 {
@@ -233,15 +216,6 @@ void InverseIntegrator::AssembleElementMatrix(
   elmat.Invert();
 }

-void SumIntegrator::SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir)
-{
-   IntRule = ir;
-   for (int i = 0; i < integrators.Size(); i++)
-   {
-      integrators[i]->SetIntRule(ir);
-   }
-}
-
 void SumIntegrator::AssembleElementMatrix(
   const FiniteElement &el, ElementTransformation &Trans, DenseMatrix &elmat)
 {
@@ -1777,16 +1751,15 @@ void DerivativeIntegrator::AssembleElementMatrix2 (
   int dim = trial_fe.GetDim();
   int trial_nd = trial_fe.GetDof();
   int test_nd = test_fe.GetDof();
-   int spaceDim = Trans.GetSpaceDim();

   int i, l;
   double det;

   elmat.SetSize (test_nd,trial_nd);
   dshape.SetSize (trial_nd,dim);
-   dshapedxt.SetSize(trial_nd, spaceDim);
+   dshapedxt.SetSize(trial_nd,dim);
   dshapedxi.SetSize(trial_nd);
-   invdfdx.SetSize(dim, spaceDim);
+   invdfdx.SetSize(dim);
   shape.SetSize (test_nd);

   const IntegrationRule *ir = IntRule;
@@ -261,8 +261,6 @@ public:
   TransposeIntegrator (BilinearFormIntegrator *bfi_, int own_bfi_ = 1)
   { bfi = bfi_; own_bfi = own_bfi_; }

-   virtual void SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir);
-
   virtual void AssembleElementMatrix(const FiniteElement &el,
                                      ElementTransformation &Trans,
                                      DenseMatrix &elmat);
@@ -330,8 +328,6 @@ public:
   LumpedIntegrator (BilinearFormIntegrator *bfi_, int own_bfi_ = 1)
   { bfi = bfi_; own_bfi = own_bfi_; }

-   virtual void SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir);
-
   virtual void AssembleElementMatrix(const FiniteElement &el,
                                      ElementTransformation &Trans,
                                      DenseMatrix &elmat);
@@ -350,8 +346,6 @@ public:
   InverseIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator *integ, int own_integ = 1)
   { integrator = integ; own_integrator = own_integ; }

-   virtual void SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir);
-
   virtual void AssembleElementMatrix(const FiniteElement &el,
                                      ElementTransformation &Trans,
                                      DenseMatrix &elmat);
@@ -370,8 +364,6 @@ private:
 public:
   SumIntegrator(int own_integs = 1) { own_integrators = own_integs; }

-   virtual void SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir);
-
   void AddIntegrator(BilinearFormIntegrator *integ)
   { integrators.Append(integ); }

@@ -711,7 +703,7 @@ protected:
   {
      return "MixedScalarDerivativeIntegrator:  "
             "Trial and test spaces must both be scalar fields in 1D "
-             "and the trial space must implement CalcDShape.";
+             "and the trial space must implement CaldDShape.";
   }

   inline virtual void CalcTrialShape(const FiniteElement & trial_fe,
@@ -2936,11 +2928,11 @@ public:

    - F. Bassi and S. Rebay. A high order discontinuous Galerkin method for
      compressible turbulent flows. In B. Cockburn, G. E. Karniadakis, and
-      C.-W. Shu, editors, Discontinuous Galerkin Methods, pages 77-88. Springer
+      C.-W. Shu, editors, Discontinuous Galerkin Methods, pages 77–88. Springer
      Berlin Heidelberg, 2000.
    - D. N. Arnold, F. Brezzi, B. Cockburn, and L. D. Marini. Unified analysis
      of discontinuous Galerkin methods for elliptic problems. SIAM Journal on
-      Numerical Analysis, 39(5):1749-1779, 2002.
+      Numerical Analysis, 39(5):1749–1779, 2002.
 */
 class DGDiffusionBR2Integrator : public BilinearFormIntegrator
 {
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Solver *BuildSmootherFromCeed(ConstrainedOperator &op, bool chebyshev)
   if (chebyshev)
   {
      const int cheb_order = 3;
-      out = new OperatorChebyshevSmoother(op, t_diag, ess_tdofs, cheb_order);
+      out = new OperatorChebyshevSmoother(&op, t_diag, ess_tdofs, cheb_order);
   }
   else
   {
@@ -1204,30 +1204,17 @@ ParSesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
      });
      // Modify offdiagonal blocks (imaginary parts of the matrix) to conform
      // with standard essential BC treatment
+      ess_tdof_list.HostRead();
      if (A_i.Type() == Operator::Hypre_ParCSR)
      {
         HypreParMatrix * Ah;
         A_i.Get(Ah);
         hypre_ParCSRMatrix *Aih = *Ah;
-#ifndef HYPRE_USING_CUDA
-         ess_tdof_list.HostRead();
         for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
         {
            const int j = ess_tdof_list[k];
            Aih->diag->data[Aih->diag->i[j]] = 0.0;
         }
-#else
-         Ah->HypreReadWrite();
-         const int *d_ess_tdof_list =
-            ess_tdof_list.GetMemory().Read(MemoryClass::DEVICE, n);
-         const int *d_diag_i = Aih->diag->i;
-         double *d_diag_data = Aih->diag->data;
-         CuWrap1D(n, [=] MFEM_DEVICE (int k)
-         {
-            const int j = d_ess_tdof_list[k];
-            d_diag_data[d_diag_i[j]] = 0.0;
-         });
-#endif
      }
      else
      {
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@

 #include <cerrno>      // errno
 #include <sstream>
-#include <regex>

 #ifndef _WIN32
 #include <sys/stat.h>  // mkdir
@@ -765,8 +764,7 @@ ParaViewDataCollection::ParaViewDataCollection(const std::string&
   : DataCollection(collection_name, mesh_),
     levels_of_detail(1),
     pv_data_format(VTKFormat::BINARY),
-     high_order_output(false),
-     restart_mode(false)
+     high_order_output(false)
 {
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_ZLIB
   compression = -1; // default zlib compression level, equivalent to 6
@@ -844,60 +842,17 @@ void ParaViewDataCollection::Save()
   }
   // the directory is created

-   // create pvd file if needed. If we are not in restart mode, a new pvd file
-   // is always created. In restart mode, we keep any previously defined
-   // timestep values as long as they are less than the currently defined time.
-
+   // create pvd file if needed
   if (myid == 0 && !pvd_stream.is_open())
   {
      std::string dpath=GenerateCollectionPath();
      std::string pvdname=dpath+"/"+GeneratePVDFileName();
-
-      std::ifstream pvd_in;
-      if (restart_mode && (pvd_in.open(pvdname,std::ios::binary),pvd_in.good()))
-      {
-         // PVD file exists and restart mode enabled: preserve existing time
-         // steps less than the current time.
-         std::fstream::pos_type pos_begin = pvd_in.tellg();
-         std::fstream::pos_type pos_end = pos_begin;
-
-         std::regex regexp("timestep=\"([^[:space:]]+)\".*file=\"Cycle(\\d+)");
-         std::smatch match;
-
-         std::string line;
-         while (getline(pvd_in,line))
-         {
-            if (regex_search(line,match,regexp))
-            {
-               MFEM_ASSERT(match.size() == 3, "Unable to parse DataSet");
-               double tvalue = std::stod(match[1]);
-               if (tvalue >= GetTime()) { break; }
-               int cvalue = std::stoi(match[2]);
-               MFEM_VERIFY(cvalue < GetCycle(), "Cycle " << GetCycle() <<
-                           " is too small for restart mode: trying to overwrite"
-                           " existing data.");
-               pos_end = pvd_in.tellg();
-            }
-         }
-         size_t count = pos_end - pos_begin;
-         std::vector<char> buf(count);
-         pvd_in.clear();
-         pvd_in.seekg(pos_begin);
-         pvd_in.read(buf.data(), count);
-         pvd_in.close();
-         pvd_stream.open(pvdname.c_str(),std::ios::out);
-         pvd_stream.write(buf.data(), count);
-      }
-      else
-      {
-         // initialize new pvd file
-         pvd_stream.open(pvdname.c_str(),std::ios::out);
-         // initialize the file
-         pvd_stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n";
-         pvd_stream << "<VTKFile type=\"Collection\" version=\"0.1\"";
-         pvd_stream << " byte_order=\"" << VTKByteOrder() << "\">\n";
-         pvd_stream << "<Collection>" << std::endl;
-      }
+      pvd_stream.open(pvdname.c_str(),std::ios::out);
+      // initialize the file
+      pvd_stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n";
+      pvd_stream << "<VTKFile type=\"Collection\" version=\"0.1\"";
+      pvd_stream << " byte_order=\"" << VTKByteOrder() << "\">\n";
+      pvd_stream << "<Collection>" << std::endl;
   }

   // define the vtu file
@@ -1136,11 +1091,6 @@ void ParaViewDataCollection::SetCompression(bool compression_)
   }
 }

-void ParaViewDataCollection::UseRestartMode(bool restart_mode_)
-{
-   restart_mode = restart_mode_;
-}
-
 const char *ParaViewDataCollection::GetDataFormatString() const
 {
   if (pv_data_format == VTKFormat::ASCII)
@@ -488,7 +488,6 @@ private:
   std::fstream pvd_stream;
   VTKFormat pv_data_format;
   bool high_order_output;
-   bool restart_mode;

 protected:
   void SaveDataVTU(std::ostream &out, int ref);
@@ -546,11 +545,6 @@ public:
   /// by default). Reading high-order data requires ParaView 5.5 or later.
   void SetHighOrderOutput(bool high_order_output_);

-   /// Enable or disable restart mode. If restart is enabled, new writes will
-   /// preserve timestep metadata for any solutions prior to the currently
-   /// defined time.
-   void UseRestartMode(bool restart_mode_);
-
   /// Load the collection - not implemented in the ParaView writer
   virtual void Load(int cycle_ = 0) override;
 };
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ public:

   /// Set the desired print level, useful for debugging.
   /** The valid options are: -1 - never print (default); 0 - print only errors;
-       1 - print the first and last iterations; 2 - print every iteration;
+       1 - print the first and last last iterations; 2 - print every iteration;
       and 3 - print every iteration including point coordinates. */
   void SetPrintLevel(int pr_level) { print_level = pr_level; }

@@ -495,7 +495,6 @@ void ScalarFiniteElement::ScalarLocalRestriction(
      R *= 1.0 / Trans.Weight();
   }
 }
-
 const DofToQuad &ScalarFiniteElement::GetDofToQuad(const IntegrationRule &ir,
                                                   DofToQuad::Mode mode) const
 {
@@ -7949,27 +7948,7 @@ VectorTensorFiniteElement::VectorTensorFiniteElement(const int dims,
                         p, M, FunctionSpace::Qk),
     TensorBasisElement(dims, p, VerifyNodal(cbtype), dmtype),
     cbasis1d(poly1d.GetBasis(p, VerifyClosed(cbtype))),
-     obasis1d(poly1d.GetBasis(p - 1, VerifyOpen(obtype)))
-{
-   MFEM_VERIFY(dims > 1, "Constructor for VectorTensorFiniteElement with both "
-               "open and closed bases is not valid for 1D elements.");
-}
-
-VectorTensorFiniteElement::VectorTensorFiniteElement(const int dims,
-                                                     const int d,
-                                                     const int p,
-                                                     const int obtype,
-                                                     const int M,
-                                                     const DofMapType dmtype)
-   : VectorFiniteElement(dims, GetTensorProductGeometry(dims), d,
-                         p, M, FunctionSpace::Pk),
-     TensorBasisElement(dims, p, obtype, dmtype),
-     cbasis1d(poly1d.GetBasis(p, VerifyOpen(obtype))),
-     obasis1d(poly1d.GetBasis(p, VerifyOpen(obtype)))
-{
-   MFEM_VERIFY(dims == 1, "Constructor for VectorTensorFiniteElement without "
-               "closed basis is only valid for 1D elements.");
-}
+     obasis1d(poly1d.GetBasis(p - 1, VerifyOpen(obtype))) { }

 H1_SegmentElement::H1_SegmentElement(const int p, const int btype)
   : NodalTensorFiniteElement(1, p, VerifyClosed(btype), H1_DOF_MAP)
@@ -13076,8 +13055,9 @@ void ND_TriangleElement::CalcCurlShape(const IntegrationPoint &ip,
 const double ND_SegmentElement::tk[1] = { 1. };

 ND_SegmentElement::ND_SegmentElement(const int p, const int ob_type)
-   : VectorTensorFiniteElement(1, p, p - 1, ob_type, H_CURL,
-                               DofMapType::L2_DOF_MAP),
+   : VectorFiniteElement(1, Geometry::SEGMENT, p, p - 1,
+                         H_CURL, FunctionSpace::Pk),
+     obasis1d(poly1d.GetBasis(p - 1, VerifyOpen(ob_type))),
     dof2tk(dof)
 {
   if (obasis1d.IsIntegratedType()) { is_nodal = false; }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public:
      {
         "Gauss-Legendre", "Gauss-Lobatto", "Positive (Bernstein)",
         "Open uniform", "Closed uniform", "Open half uniform",
-         "Serendipity", "Closed Gauss-Legendre",
+         "Seredipity", "Closed Gauss-Legendre",
         "Integrated Gauss-Lobatto indicator"
      };
      return name[Check(b_type)];
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ public:
   { dofs = 1.0; }
 };

-/// A 1D quadratic finite element with uniformly spaced nodes
+/// A 1D quadractic finite element with uniformly spaced nodes
 class Quad1DFiniteElement : public NodalFiniteElement
 {
 public:
@@ -2239,11 +2239,6 @@ public:
                             const int cbtype, const int obtype,
                             const int M, const DofMapType dmtype);

-   // For 1D elements: there is only an "open basis", no "closed basis"
-   VectorTensorFiniteElement(const int dims, const int d, const int p,
-                             const int obtype, const int M,
-                             const DofMapType dmtype);
-
   const DofToQuad &GetDofToQuad(const IntegrationRule &ir,
                                 DofToQuad::Mode mode) const;

@@ -3316,9 +3311,11 @@ public:


 /// Arbitrary order Nedelec elements in 1D on a segment
-class ND_SegmentElement : public VectorTensorFiniteElement
+class ND_SegmentElement : public VectorFiniteElement
 {
   static const double tk[1];
+
+   Poly_1D::Basis &obasis1d;
   Array<int> dof2tk;

 public:
@@ -64,9 +64,4 @@
 #include "adios2datacollection.hpp"
 #endif

-#ifdef MFEM_USE_FMS
-#include "fmsconvert.hpp"
-#include "fmsdatacollection.hpp"
-#endif
-
 #endif
@@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ const Operator *FiniteElementSpace::GetElementRestriction(
   return L2E_nat.Ptr();
 }

-const FaceRestriction *FiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(
+const Operator *FiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(
   ElementDofOrdering e_ordering, FaceType type, L2FaceValues mul) const
 {
   const bool is_dg_space = IsDGSpace();
@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ const FaceRestriction *FiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(
   }
   else
   {
-      FaceRestriction *res;
+      Operator* res;
      if (is_dg_space)
      {
         res = new L2FaceRestriction(*this, e_ordering, type, m);
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ protected:
                + 8 * (int)std::get<3>(k);
      }
   };
-   using map_L2F = std::unordered_map<const key_face,FaceRestriction*,key_hash>;
+   using map_L2F = std::unordered_map<const key_face,Operator*,key_hash>;
   mutable map_L2F L2F;

   mutable Array<QuadratureInterpolator*> E2Q_array;
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ public:
   const Operator *GetElementRestriction(ElementDofOrdering e_ordering) const;

   /// Return an Operator that converts L-vectors to E-vectors on each face.
-   virtual const FaceRestriction *GetFaceRestriction(
+   virtual const Operator *GetFaceRestriction(
      ElementDofOrdering e_ordering, FaceType,
      L2FaceValues mul = L2FaceValues::DoubleValued) const;

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2010-2021, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-// at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-// LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-//
-// This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-// availability visit https://mfem.org.
-//
-// MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-// terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-// CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-#ifndef FMS_CONVERT
-#define FMS_CONVERT
-
-#include "../config/config.hpp"
-#include "datacollection.hpp"
-
-#ifdef MFEM_USE_FMS
-#include <fms.h>
-
-namespace mfem
-{
-
-/** In-memory conversion of FMS data collection to an MFEM data collection.
-    @param dc The FMS data collection to convert.
-    @param[out] mfem_dc A pointer to a new MFEM DataCollection containing the
-    FMS data.
-    @return 0 on success; non-zero on failure.
-*/
-int FmsDataCollectionToDataCollection(FmsDataCollection dc,
-                                      DataCollection **mfem_dc);
-
-/** In-memory conversion of MFEM data collection to an FMS data collection.
-    @param mfem_dc The MFEM data collection to convert.
-    @param[out] dc A pointer to a new FmsDataCollection containing the MFEM
-    data.
-    @return 0 on success; non-zero on failure.
-*/
-int DataCollectionToFmsDataCollection(DataCollection *mfem_dc,
-                                      FmsDataCollection *dc);
-
-} // namespace mfem
-
-#endif
-
-#endif
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2010-2021, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-// at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-// LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-//
-// This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-// availability visit https://mfem.org.
-//
-// MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-// terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-// CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-#include "../config/config.hpp"
-
-#ifdef MFEM_USE_FMS
-
-#include "fem.hpp"
-#include "../general/text.hpp"
-
-#include <fmsio.h>
-
-#include <string>
-#include <sstream>
-
-namespace mfem
-{
-
-// class FMSDataCollection implementation
-
-FMSDataCollection::FMSDataCollection(const std::string& coll_name,
-                                     Mesh *mesh)
-   : DataCollection(coll_name, mesh),
-     fms_protocol("ascii")
-{
-   appendRankToFileName = false; // always include rank in file names
-   cycle = 0;                   // always include cycle in directory names
-}
-
-#ifdef MFEM_USE_MPI
-
-FMSDataCollection::FMSDataCollection(MPI_Comm comm,
-                                     const std::string& coll_name,
-                                     Mesh *mesh)
-   : DataCollection(coll_name, mesh),
-     fms_protocol("ascii")
-{
-   m_comm = comm;
-   MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &myid);
-   MPI_Comm_size(comm, &num_procs);
-   appendRankToFileName = true; // always include rank in file names
-   cycle = 0;                   // always include cycle in directory names
-}
-
-#endif
-
-FMSDataCollection::~FMSDataCollection()
-{
-   // empty
-}
-
-void FMSDataCollection::Save()
-{
-   // Convert this to FmsDataCollection.
-
-   FmsDataCollection dc;
-   if (DataCollectionToFmsDataCollection(this, &dc) == 0)
-   {
-      std::string root(RootFileName());
-      int err = FmsIOWrite(root.c_str(), fms_protocol.c_str(), dc);
-      FmsDataCollectionDestroy(&dc);
-      if (err)
-      {
-         MFEM_ABORT("Error creating FMS file: " << root);
-      }
-   }
-   else
-   {
-      MFEM_ABORT("Error converting data collection");
-   }
-}
-
-void FMSDataCollection::Load(int cycle)
-{
-   DeleteAll();
-   this->cycle = cycle;
-
-   FmsDataCollection dc;
-   std::string root(RootFileName());
-   int err = FmsIORead(root.c_str(), fms_protocol.c_str(), &dc);
-
-   if (err == 0)
-   {
-      DataCollection *mdc = nullptr;
-      if (FmsDataCollectionToDataCollection(dc,&mdc) == 0)
-      {
-         // Tell the data collection we read that it does not own data.
-         // We will steal its data.
-         mdc->SetOwnData(false);
-
-         SetCycle(mdc->GetCycle());
-         SetTime(mdc->GetTime());
-         SetTimeStep(mdc->GetTimeStep());
-         name = mdc->GetCollectionName();
-
-         // Set mdc's mesh as our mesh.
-         SetMesh(mdc->GetMesh());
-
-         // Set mdc's fields/qfields as ours.
-         std::vector<std::string> names;
-         for (const auto &pair : mdc->GetFieldMap())
-         {
-            names.push_back(pair.first);
-            RegisterField(pair.first, pair.second);
-         }
-         for (const auto &name : names)
-         {
-            mdc->DeregisterField(name);
-         }
-
-         names.clear();
-         for (const auto &pair : mdc->GetQFieldMap())
-         {
-            names.push_back(pair.first);
-            RegisterQField(pair.first, pair.second);
-         }
-         for (const auto &name : names)
-         {
-            mdc->DeregisterField(name);
-         }
-
-         // Indicate that we own the data.
-         SetOwnData(true);
-
-         // Delete mdc. We stole its contents.
-         delete mdc;
-      }
-      FmsDataCollectionDestroy(&dc);
-   }
-   else
-   {
-      MFEM_ABORT("Error reading data collection: " << root);
-   }
-}
-
-void FMSDataCollection::SetProtocol(const std::string &protocol)
-{
-   fms_protocol = protocol;
-}
-
-std::string FMSDataCollection::RootFileName()
-{
-   std::string res;
-   if (pad_digits_cycle)
-   {
-      res = prefix_path + name + "_" +
-            to_padded_string(cycle, pad_digits_cycle) +
-            ".fms";
-   }
-   else
-   {
-      res = prefix_path + name + ".fms";
-   }
-   return res;
-}
-
-} // namespace mfem
-
-#endif
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2010-2021, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-// at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-// LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-//
-// This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-// availability visit https://mfem.org.
-//
-// MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-// terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-// CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-#ifndef MFEM_FMSDATACOLLECTION
-#define MFEM_FMSDATACOLLECTION
-
-#include "../config/config.hpp"
-
-#ifdef MFEM_USE_FMS
-
-#include "datacollection.hpp"
-#include <fms.h>
-
-namespace mfem
-{
-
-/** @brief Data collection that uses FMS. */
-/** FMSDataCollection lets MFEM read/write data using FMS.
-
-    For more information, see:
-    - FMS project, https://ceed.exascaleproject.org/fms/
-*/
-
-/// Data collection with FMS I/O routines
-class FMSDataCollection : public DataCollection
-{
-protected:
-   // file name helpers
-
-   /// Returns file name for the current cycle
-   std::string RootFileName();
-
-   // holds currently active i/o protocol
-   std::string fms_protocol;
-
-public:
-   /// Constructor. The collection name is used when saving the data.
-   /** If @a mesh is NULL, then the mesh can be set later by calling either
-       SetMesh() or Load(). The latter works only in serial. */
-   FMSDataCollection(const std::string& collection_name,
-                     Mesh *mesh = NULL);
-#ifdef MFEM_USE_MPI
-   /// Construct a parallel FMSDataCollection.
-   FMSDataCollection(MPI_Comm comm, const std::string& collection_name,
-                     Mesh *mesh = NULL);
-#endif
-
-   /// We will delete the mesh and fields if we own them
-   virtual ~FMSDataCollection();
-
-   /// Set the FMS relay i/o protocol to use
-   /** Supported options: ascii (default), json, yaml, hdf5 */
-   void SetProtocol(const std::string &protocol);
-
-   /// Save the collection and a FMS blueprint root file
-   virtual void Save();
-
-   /// Load the collection based blueprint data
-   virtual void Load(int cycle = 0);
-};
-
-} // namespace mfem
-
-#endif
-
-#endif
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ void GridFunction::MakeRef(FiniteElementSpace *f, Vector &v, int v_offset)

 void GridFunction::MakeTRef(FiniteElementSpace *f, double *tv)
 {
-   if (IsIdentityProlongation(f->GetProlongationMatrix()))
+   if (!f->GetProlongationMatrix())
   {
      MakeRef(f, tv);
      t_vec.NewDataAndSize(tv, size);
@@ -232,8 +232,7 @@ void GridFunction::MakeTRef(FiniteElementSpace *f, double *tv)

 void GridFunction::MakeTRef(FiniteElementSpace *f, Vector &tv, int tv_offset)
 {
-   tv.UseDevice(true);
-   if (IsIdentityProlongation(f->GetProlongationMatrix()))
+   if (!f->GetProlongationMatrix())
   {
      MakeRef(f, tv, tv_offset);
      t_vec.NewMemoryAndSize(data, size, false);
@@ -242,7 +241,10 @@ void GridFunction::MakeTRef(FiniteElementSpace *f, Vector &tv, int tv_offset)
   {
      MFEM_ASSERT(tv.Size() >= tv_offset + f->GetTrueVSize(), "");
      SetSpace(f); // works in parallel
-      t_vec.MakeRef(tv, tv_offset, f->GetTrueVSize());
+      tv.UseDevice(true);
+      const int tv_size = f->GetTrueVSize();
+      t_vec.NewMemoryAndSize(Memory<double>(tv.GetMemory(), tv_offset, tv_size),
+                             tv_size, true);
   }
 }

@@ -332,10 +334,10 @@ int GridFunction::VectorDim() const
 void GridFunction::GetTrueDofs(Vector &tv) const
 {
   const SparseMatrix *R = fes->GetRestrictionMatrix();
-   if (!R || IsIdentityProlongation(fes->GetProlongationMatrix()))
+   if (!R)
   {
-      // R is identity
-      tv = *this; // no real copy if 'tv' and '*this' use the same data
+      // R is identity -> make tv a reference to *this
+      tv.MakeRef(const_cast<GridFunction &>(*this), 0, size);
   }
   else
   {
@@ -130,7 +130,9 @@ public:
       or set. */
   Vector &GetTrueVector() { return t_vec; }

-   /// Extract the true-dofs from the GridFunction.
+   /// @brief Extract the true-dofs from the GridFunction. If all dofs are true,
+   /// then `tv` will be set to point to the data of `*this`.
+   /** @warning This method breaks const-ness when all dofs are true. */
   void GetTrueDofs(Vector &tv) const;

   /// Shortcut for calling GetTrueDofs() with GetTrueVector() as argument.
@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
 #endif

-// External GSLIB header (the MFEM header is gslib.hpp)
-namespace gslib
-{
 #include "gslib.h"
-}

 #ifdef MFEM_HAVE_GCC_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTIC
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
@@ -38,13 +34,13 @@ FindPointsGSLIB::FindPointsGSLIB()
     dim(-1), points_cnt(0), setupflag(false), default_interp_value(0),
     avgtype(AvgType::ARITHMETIC)
 {
-   gsl_comm = new gslib::comm;
-   cr       = new gslib::crystal;
+   gsl_comm = new comm;
+   cr       = new crystal;
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_MPI
   int initialized;
   MPI_Initialized(&initialized);
   if (!initialized) { MPI_Init(NULL, NULL); }
-   MPI_Comm comm = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
+   MPI_Comm comm = MPI_COMM_WORLD;;
   comm_init(gsl_comm, comm);
 #else
   comm_init(gsl_comm, 0);
@@ -66,8 +62,8 @@ FindPointsGSLIB::FindPointsGSLIB(MPI_Comm comm_)
     dim(-1), points_cnt(0), setupflag(false), default_interp_value(0),
     avgtype(AvgType::ARITHMETIC)
 {
-   gsl_comm = new gslib::comm;
-   cr      = new gslib::crystal;
+   gsl_comm = new comm;
+   cr      = new crystal;
   comm_init(gsl_comm, comm_);
 }
 #endif
@@ -732,7 +728,7 @@ void FindPointsGSLIB::InterpolateGeneral(const GridFunction &field_in,
      }

      // Pack data to send via crystal router
-      struct gslib::array *outpt = new gslib::array;
+      struct array *outpt = new array;
      struct out_pt { double r[3], ival; uint index, el, proc; };
      struct out_pt *pt;
      array_init(struct out_pt, outpt, nptsend);
@@ -792,7 +788,7 @@ void FindPointsGSLIB::InterpolateGeneral(const GridFunction &field_in,
         }

         // Save index and proc data in a struct
-         struct gslib::array *savpt = new gslib::array;
+         struct array *savpt = new array;
         struct sav_pt { uint index, proc; };
         struct sav_pt *spt;
         array_init(struct sav_pt, savpt, npt);
@@ -810,7 +806,7 @@ void FindPointsGSLIB::InterpolateGeneral(const GridFunction &field_in,
         delete outpt;

         // Copy data from save struct to send struct and send component wise
-         struct gslib::array *sendpt = new gslib::array;
+         struct array *sendpt = new array;
         struct send_pt { double ival; uint index, proc; };
         struct send_pt *sdpt;
         for (int j = 0; j < ncomp; j++)
@@ -17,13 +17,11 @@

 #ifdef MFEM_USE_GSLIB

-namespace gslib
-{
 struct comm;
 struct findpts_data_2;
 struct findpts_data_3;
+struct array;
 struct crystal;
-}

 namespace mfem
 {
@@ -52,10 +50,10 @@ public:
 protected:
   Mesh *mesh, *meshsplit;
   IntegrationRule *ir_simplex;    // IntegrationRule to split quads/hex -> simplex
-   struct gslib::findpts_data_2 *fdata2D; // gslib's internal data
-   struct gslib::findpts_data_3 *fdata3D; // gslib's internal data
-   struct gslib::crystal *cr;             // gslib's internal data
-   struct gslib::comm *gsl_comm;          // gslib's internal data
+   struct findpts_data_2 *fdata2D; // gslib's internal data
+   struct findpts_data_3 *fdata3D; // gslib's internal data
+   struct crystal *cr;             // gslib's internal data
+   struct comm *gsl_comm;          // gslib's internal data
   int dim, points_cnt;
   Array<unsigned int> gsl_code, gsl_proc, gsl_elem, gsl_mfem_elem;
   Vector gsl_mesh, gsl_ref, gsl_dist, gsl_mfem_ref;
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ IntegrationRule::IntegrationRule(IntegrationRule &irx, IntegrationRule &iry)
   nx = irx.GetNPoints();
   ny = iry.GetNPoints();
   SetSize(nx * ny);
-   SetPointIndices();

   for (j = 0; j < ny; j++)
   {
@@ -49,6 +48,8 @@ IntegrationRule::IntegrationRule(IntegrationRule &irx, IntegrationRule &iry)
         ip.weight = ipx.weight * ipy.weight;
      }
   }
+
+   SetPointIndices();
 }

 IntegrationRule::IntegrationRule(IntegrationRule &irx, IntegrationRule &iry,
@@ -58,7 +59,6 @@ IntegrationRule::IntegrationRule(IntegrationRule &irx, IntegrationRule &iry,
   const int ny = iry.GetNPoints();
   const int nz = irz.GetNPoints();
   SetSize(nx*ny*nz);
-   SetPointIndices();

   for (int iz = 0; iz < nz; ++iz)
   {
@@ -78,6 +78,8 @@ IntegrationRule::IntegrationRule(IntegrationRule &irx, IntegrationRule &iry,
         }
      }
   }
+
+   SetPointIndices();
 }

 const Array<double> &IntegrationRule::GetWeights() const
@@ -123,7 +125,6 @@ void IntegrationRule::GrundmannMollerSimplexRule(int s, int n)
   }
   np /= f;
   SetSize(np);
-   SetPointIndices();

   int pt = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i <= s; i++)
@@ -374,7 +375,6 @@ public:
 void QuadratureFunctions1D::GaussLegendre(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
 {
   ir->SetSize(np);
-   ir->SetPointIndices();

   switch (np)
   {
@@ -477,7 +477,6 @@ void QuadratureFunctions1D::GaussLobatto(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
   */

   ir->SetSize(np);
-   ir->SetPointIndices();
   if ( np == 1 )
   {
      ir->IntPoint(0).Set1w(0.5, 1.0);
@@ -577,7 +576,6 @@ void QuadratureFunctions1D::GaussLobatto(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
 void QuadratureFunctions1D::OpenUniform(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
 {
   ir->SetSize(np);
-   ir->SetPointIndices();

   // The Newton-Cotes quadrature is based on weights that integrate exactly the
   // interpolatory polynomial through the equally spaced quadrature points.
@@ -593,7 +591,6 @@ void QuadratureFunctions1D::ClosedUniform(const int np,
                                          IntegrationRule* ir)
 {
   ir->SetSize(np);
-   ir->SetPointIndices();
   if ( np == 1 ) // allow this case as "closed"
   {
      ir->IntPoint(0).Set1w(0.5, 1.0);
@@ -611,7 +608,6 @@ void QuadratureFunctions1D::ClosedUniform(const int np,
 void QuadratureFunctions1D::OpenHalfUniform(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
 {
   ir->SetSize(np);
-   ir->SetPointIndices();

   // Open half points: the centers of np uniform intervals
   for (int i = 0; i < np ; ++i)
@@ -625,7 +621,6 @@ void QuadratureFunctions1D::OpenHalfUniform(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
 void QuadratureFunctions1D::ClosedGL(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
 {
   ir->SetSize(np);
-   ir->SetPointIndices();
   ir->IntPoint(0).x = 0.0;
   ir->IntPoint(np-1).x = 1.0;

@@ -96,6 +96,9 @@ private:
       by request with the method GetWeights(). */
   mutable Array<double> weights;

+   /// Sets the indices of each quadrature point on initialization.
+   void SetPointIndices();
+
   /// Define n-simplex rule (triangle/tetrahedron for n=2/3) of order (2s+1)
   void GrundmannMollerSimplexRule(int s, int n = 3);

@@ -224,11 +227,6 @@ public:
      }
   }

-   /// Sets the indices of each quadrature point on initialization.
-   /** Note that most calls to IntegrationRule::SetSize should be paired with a
-       call to SetPointIndices in order for the indices to be set correctly. */
-   void SetPointIndices();
-
   /// Tensor product of two 1D integration rules
   IntegrationRule(IntegrationRule &irx, IntegrationRule &iry);

@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ LinearForm::LinearForm(FiniteElementSpace *f, LinearForm *lf)
   extern_lfs = 1;

   // Copy the pointers to the integrators
-   domain_integs = lf->domain_integs;
+   dlfi = lf->dlfi;

-   domain_delta_integs = lf->domain_delta_integs;
+   dlfi_delta = lf->dlfi_delta;

-   boundary_integs = lf->boundary_integs;
+   blfi = lf->blfi;

-   boundary_face_integs = lf->boundary_face_integs;
-   boundary_face_integs_marker = lf->boundary_face_integs_marker;
+   flfi = lf->flfi;
+   flfi_marker = lf->flfi_marker;
 }

 void LinearForm::AddDomainIntegrator(LinearFormIntegrator *lfi)
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ void LinearForm::AddDomainIntegrator(LinearFormIntegrator *lfi)
      dynamic_cast<DeltaLFIntegrator *>(lfi);
   if (!maybe_delta || !maybe_delta->IsDelta())
   {
-      domain_integs.Append(lfi);
+      dlfi.Append(lfi);
   }
   else
   {
-      domain_delta_integs.Append(maybe_delta);
+      dlfi_delta.Append(maybe_delta);
   }
-   domain_integs_marker.Append(NULL);
+   dlfi_marker.Append(NULL);
 }

 void LinearForm::AddDomainIntegrator(LinearFormIntegrator *lfi,
@@ -58,45 +58,44 @@ void LinearForm::AddDomainIntegrator(LinearFormIntegrator *lfi,
      dynamic_cast<DeltaLFIntegrator *>(lfi);
   if (!maybe_delta || !maybe_delta->IsDelta())
   {
-      domain_integs.Append(lfi);
+      dlfi.Append(lfi);
   }
   else
   {
-      domain_delta_integs.Append(maybe_delta);
+      dlfi_delta.Append(maybe_delta);
   }
-   domain_integs_marker.Append(&elem_marker);
+   dlfi_marker.Append(&elem_marker);
 }

 void LinearForm::AddBoundaryIntegrator (LinearFormIntegrator * lfi)
 {
-   boundary_integs.Append (lfi);
-   boundary_integs_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL -> all attributes are active
+   blfi.Append (lfi);
+   blfi_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL -> all attributes are active
 }

 void LinearForm::AddBoundaryIntegrator (LinearFormIntegrator * lfi,
                                        Array<int> &bdr_attr_marker)
 {
-   boundary_integs.Append (lfi);
-   boundary_integs_marker.Append(&bdr_attr_marker);
+   blfi.Append (lfi);
+   blfi_marker.Append(&bdr_attr_marker);
 }

 void LinearForm::AddBdrFaceIntegrator (LinearFormIntegrator * lfi)
 {
-   boundary_face_integs.Append(lfi);
-   // NULL -> all attributes are active
-   boundary_face_integs_marker.Append(NULL);
+   flfi.Append(lfi);
+   flfi_marker.Append(NULL); // NULL -> all attributes are active
 }

 void LinearForm::AddBdrFaceIntegrator(LinearFormIntegrator *lfi,
                                      Array<int> &bdr_attr_marker)
 {
-   boundary_face_integs.Append(lfi);
-   boundary_face_integs_marker.Append(&bdr_attr_marker);
+   flfi.Append(lfi);
+   flfi_marker.Append(&bdr_attr_marker);
 }

 void LinearForm::AddInteriorFaceIntegrator(LinearFormIntegrator *lfi)
 {
-   interior_face_integs.Append(lfi);
+   iflfi.Append(lfi);
 }

 void LinearForm::Assemble()
@@ -113,14 +112,14 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
   // The first use of AddElementVector() below will move it back to host
   // because both 'vdofs' and 'elemvect' are on host.

-   if (domain_integs.Size())
+   if (dlfi.Size())
   {
-      for (int k = 0; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < dlfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         if (domain_integs_marker[k] != NULL)
+         if (dlfi_marker[k] != NULL)
         {
            MFEM_VERIFY(fes->GetMesh()->attributes.Size() ==
-                        domain_integs_marker[k]->Size(),
+                        dlfi_marker[k]->Size(),
                        "invalid element marker for domain linear form "
                        "integrator #" << k << ", counting from zero");
         }
@@ -129,15 +128,14 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
      for (i = 0; i < fes -> GetNE(); i++)
      {
         int elem_attr = fes->GetMesh()->GetAttribute(i);
-         for (int k = 0; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++)
+         for (int k = 0; k < dlfi.Size(); k++)
         {
-            if ( domain_integs_marker[k] == NULL ||
-                 (*(domain_integs_marker[k]))[elem_attr-1] == 1 )
+            if ( dlfi_marker[k] == NULL ||
+                 (*(dlfi_marker[k]))[elem_attr-1] == 1 )
            {
               fes -> GetElementVDofs (i, vdofs);
               eltrans = fes -> GetElementTransformation (i);
-               domain_integs[k]->AssembleRHSElementVect(*fes->GetFE(i),
-                                                        *eltrans, elemvect);
+               dlfi[k]->AssembleRHSElementVect(*fes->GetFE(i), *eltrans, elemvect);
               AddElementVector (vdofs, elemvect);
            }
         }
@@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
   }
   AssembleDelta();

-   if (boundary_integs.Size())
+   if (blfi.Size())
   {
      Mesh *mesh = fes->GetMesh();

@@ -153,14 +151,14 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
      Array<int> bdr_attr_marker(mesh->bdr_attributes.Size() ?
                                 mesh->bdr_attributes.Max() : 0);
      bdr_attr_marker = 0;
-      for (int k = 0; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < blfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         if (boundary_integs_marker[k] == NULL)
+         if (blfi_marker[k] == NULL)
         {
            bdr_attr_marker = 1;
            break;
         }
-         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *boundary_integs_marker[k];
+         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *blfi_marker[k];
         MFEM_ASSERT(bdr_marker.Size() == bdr_attr_marker.Size(),
                     "invalid boundary marker for boundary integrator #"
                     << k << ", counting from zero");
@@ -176,19 +174,18 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
         if (bdr_attr_marker[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }
         fes -> GetBdrElementVDofs (i, vdofs);
         eltrans = fes -> GetBdrElementTransformation (i);
-         for (int k=0; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++)
+         for (int k=0; k < blfi.Size(); k++)
         {
-            if (boundary_integs_marker[k] &&
-                (*boundary_integs_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }
+            if (blfi_marker[k] &&
+                (*blfi_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }

-            boundary_integs[k]->AssembleRHSElementVect(*fes->GetBE(i),
-                                                       *eltrans, elemvect);
+            blfi[k]->AssembleRHSElementVect(*fes->GetBE(i), *eltrans, elemvect);

            AddElementVector (vdofs, elemvect);
         }
      }
   }
-   if (boundary_face_integs.Size())
+   if (flfi.Size())
   {
      FaceElementTransformations *tr;
      Mesh *mesh = fes->GetMesh();
@@ -197,14 +194,14 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
      Array<int> bdr_attr_marker(mesh->bdr_attributes.Size() ?
                                 mesh->bdr_attributes.Max() : 0);
      bdr_attr_marker = 0;
-      for (int k = 0; k < boundary_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < flfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         if (boundary_face_integs_marker[k] == NULL)
+         if (flfi_marker[k] == NULL)
         {
            bdr_attr_marker = 1;
            break;
         }
-         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *boundary_face_integs_marker[k];
+         Array<int> &bdr_marker = *flfi_marker[k];
         MFEM_ASSERT(bdr_marker.Size() == bdr_attr_marker.Size(),
                     "invalid boundary marker for boundary face integrator #"
                     << k << ", counting from zero");
@@ -223,26 +220,24 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
         if (tr != NULL)
         {
            fes -> GetElementVDofs (tr -> Elem1No, vdofs);
-            for (int k = 0; k < boundary_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+            for (int k = 0; k < flfi.Size(); k++)
            {
-               if (boundary_face_integs_marker[k] &&
-                   (*boundary_face_integs_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0)
-               { continue; }
+               if (flfi_marker[k] &&
+                   (*flfi_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }

-               boundary_face_integs[k]->
-               AssembleRHSElementVect(*fes->GetFE(tr->Elem1No),
-                                      *tr, elemvect);
+               flfi[k] -> AssembleRHSElementVect (*fes->GetFE(tr -> Elem1No),
+                                                  *tr, elemvect);
               AddElementVector (vdofs, elemvect);
            }
         }
      }
   }

-   if (interior_face_integs.Size())
+   if (iflfi.Size())
   {
      Mesh *mesh = fes->GetMesh();

-      for (int k = 0; k < interior_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < iflfi.Size(); k++)
      {
         for (i = 0; i < mesh->GetNumFaces(); i++)
         {
@@ -254,10 +249,9 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
               Array<int> vdofs2;
               fes -> GetElementVDofs (tr -> Elem2No, vdofs2);
               vdofs.Append(vdofs2);
-               interior_face_integs[k]->
-               AssembleRHSElementVect(*fes->GetFE(tr->Elem1No),
-                                      *fes->GetFE(tr->Elem2No),
-                                      *tr, elemvect);
+               iflfi[k] -> AssembleRHSElementVect (*fes->GetFE(tr -> Elem1No),
+                                                   *fes->GetFE(tr -> Elem2No),
+                                                   *tr, elemvect);
               AddElementVector (vdofs, elemvect);
            }
         }
@@ -267,55 +261,56 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()

 void LinearForm::Update(FiniteElementSpace *f, Vector &v, int v_offset)
 {
-   MFEM_ASSERT(v.Size() >= v_offset + f->GetVSize(), "");
   fes = f;
-   v.UseDevice(true);
-   this->Vector::MakeRef(v, v_offset, fes->GetVSize());
+   NewMemoryAndSize(Memory<double>(v.GetMemory(), v_offset, f->GetVSize()),
+                    f->GetVSize(), false);
   ResetDeltaLocations();
 }

 void LinearForm::MakeRef(FiniteElementSpace *f, Vector &v, int v_offset)
 {
-   Update(f, v, v_offset);
+   MFEM_ASSERT(v.Size() >= v_offset + f->GetVSize(), "");
+   fes = f;
+   v.UseDevice(true);
+   this->Vector::MakeRef(v, v_offset, fes->GetVSize());
 }

 void LinearForm::AssembleDelta()
 {
-   if (domain_delta_integs.Size() == 0) { return; }
+   if (dlfi_delta.Size() == 0) { return; }

   if (!HaveDeltaLocations())
   {
      int sdim = fes->GetMesh()->SpaceDimension();
      Vector center;
-      DenseMatrix centers(sdim, domain_delta_integs.Size());
+      DenseMatrix centers(sdim, dlfi_delta.Size());
      for (int i = 0; i < centers.Width(); i++)
      {
         centers.GetColumnReference(i, center);
-         domain_delta_integs[i]->GetDeltaCenter(center);
+         dlfi_delta[i]->GetDeltaCenter(center);
         MFEM_VERIFY(center.Size() == sdim,
                     "Point dim " << center.Size() <<
                     " does not match space dim " << sdim);
      }
-      fes->GetMesh()->FindPoints(centers, domain_delta_integs_elem_id,
-                                 domain_delta_integs_ip);
+      fes->GetMesh()->FindPoints(centers, dlfi_delta_elem_id, dlfi_delta_ip);
   }

   Array<int> vdofs;
   Vector elemvect;
-   for (int i = 0; i < domain_delta_integs.Size(); i++)
+   for (int i = 0; i < dlfi_delta.Size(); i++)
   {
-      int elem_id = domain_delta_integs_elem_id[i];
+      int elem_id = dlfi_delta_elem_id[i];
      // The delta center may be outside of this sub-domain, or
      // (Par)Mesh::FindPoints() failed to find this point:
      if (elem_id < 0) { continue; }

-      const IntegrationPoint &ip = domain_delta_integs_ip[i];
+      const IntegrationPoint &ip = dlfi_delta_ip[i];
      ElementTransformation &Trans = *fes->GetElementTransformation(elem_id);
      Trans.SetIntPoint(&ip);

      fes->GetElementVDofs(elem_id, vdofs);
-      domain_delta_integs[i]->AssembleDeltaElementVect(*fes->GetFE(elem_id),
-                                                       Trans, elemvect);
+      dlfi_delta[i]->AssembleDeltaElementVect(*fes->GetFE(elem_id), Trans,
+                                              elemvect);
      AddElementVector(vdofs, elemvect);
   }
 }
@@ -338,14 +333,11 @@ LinearForm::~LinearForm()
   if (!extern_lfs)
   {
      int k;
-      for (k=0; k < domain_delta_integs.Size(); k++)
-      { delete domain_delta_integs[k]; }
-      for (k=0; k < domain_integs.Size(); k++) { delete domain_integs[k]; }
-      for (k=0; k < boundary_integs.Size(); k++) { delete boundary_integs[k]; }
-      for (k=0; k < boundary_face_integs.Size(); k++)
-      { delete boundary_face_integs[k]; }
-      for (k=0; k < interior_face_integs.Size(); k++)
-      { delete interior_face_integs[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < dlfi_delta.Size(); k++) { delete dlfi_delta[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < dlfi.Size(); k++) { delete dlfi[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < blfi.Size(); k++) { delete blfi[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < flfi.Size(); k++) { delete flfi[k]; }
+      for (k=0; k < iflfi.Size(); k++) { delete iflfi[k]; }
   }
 }

@@ -26,46 +26,43 @@ protected:
   /// FE space on which the LinearForm lives. Not owned.
   FiniteElementSpace *fes;

-   /** @brief Indicates the LinearFormIntegrator%s stored in #domain_integs,
-       #domain_delta_integs, #boundary_integs, and #boundary_face_integs are
-       owned by another LinearForm. */
+   /** @brief Indicates the LinearFormIntegrator%s stored in #dlfi, #dlfi_delta,
+       #blfi, and #flfi are owned by another LinearForm. */
   int extern_lfs;

   /// Set of Domain Integrators to be applied.
-   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> domain_integs;
+   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> dlfi;
   /// Element attribute marker (should be of length mesh->attributes)
   /// Includes all by default.
   /// 0 - ignore attribute
   /// 1 - include attribute
-   Array<Array<int>*>           domain_integs_marker;
+   Array<Array<int>*>           dlfi_marker;

   /// Separate array for integrators with delta function coefficients.
-   Array<DeltaLFIntegrator*>    domain_delta_integs;
+   Array<DeltaLFIntegrator*> dlfi_delta;

   /// Set of Boundary Integrators to be applied.
-   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> boundary_integs;
-   /// Entries are not owned.
-   Array<Array<int>*>           boundary_integs_marker;
+   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> blfi;
+   Array<Array<int>*>           blfi_marker; ///< Entries are not owned.

   /// Set of Boundary Face Integrators to be applied.
-   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> boundary_face_integs;
-   Array<Array<int>*> boundary_face_integs_marker; ///< Entries not owned.
+   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> flfi;
+   Array<Array<int>*>           flfi_marker; ///< Entries are not owned.

   /// Set of Internal Face Integrators to be applied.
-   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> interior_face_integs;
+   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> iflfi;

   /// The element ids where the centers of the delta functions lie
-   Array<int> domain_delta_integs_elem_id;
+   Array<int> dlfi_delta_elem_id;

   /// The reference coordinates where the centers of the delta functions lie
-   Array<IntegrationPoint> domain_delta_integs_ip;
+   Array<IntegrationPoint> dlfi_delta_ip;

   /// If true, the delta locations are not (re)computed during assembly.
-   bool HaveDeltaLocations()
-   { return (domain_delta_integs_elem_id.Size() != 0); }
+   bool HaveDeltaLocations() { return (dlfi_delta_elem_id.Size() != 0); }

   /// Force (re)computation of delta locations.
-   void ResetDeltaLocations() { domain_delta_integs_elem_id.SetSize(0); }
+   void ResetDeltaLocations() { dlfi_delta_elem_id.SetSize(0); }

 private:
   /// Copy construction is not supported; body is undefined.
@@ -153,25 +150,22 @@ public:
   /** @brief Access all integrators added with AddDomainIntegrator() which are
       not DeltaLFIntegrator%s or they are DeltaLFIntegrator%s with non-delta
       coefficients. */
-   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> *GetDLFI() { return &domain_integs; }
+   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> *GetDLFI() { return &dlfi; }

   /** @brief Access all integrators added with AddDomainIntegrator() which are
       DeltaLFIntegrator%s with delta coefficients. */
-   Array<DeltaLFIntegrator*> *GetDLFI_Delta() { return &domain_delta_integs; }
+   Array<DeltaLFIntegrator*> *GetDLFI_Delta() { return &dlfi_delta; }

   /// Access all integrators added with AddBoundaryIntegrator().
-   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBLFI() { return &boundary_integs; }
+   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> *GetBLFI() { return &blfi; }

   /// Access all integrators added with AddBdrFaceIntegrator().
-   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> *GetFLFI() { return &boundary_face_integs; }
-
-   /// Access all integrators added with AddInteriorFaceIntegrator().
-   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> *GetIFLFI() { return &interior_face_integs; }
+   Array<LinearFormIntegrator*> *GetFLFI() { return &flfi; }

   /** @brief Access all boundary markers added with AddBdrFaceIntegrator().
       If no marker was specified when the integrator was added, the
       corresponding pointer (to Array<int>) will be NULL. */
-   Array<Array<int>*> *GetFLFI_Marker() { return &boundary_face_integs_marker; }
+   Array<Array<int>*> *GetFLFI_Marker() { return &flfi_marker; }

   /// Assembles the linear form i.e. sums over all domain/bdr integrators.
   void Assemble();
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ double BlockNonlinearForm::GetEnergyBlocked(const BlockVector &bx) const

 double BlockNonlinearForm::GetEnergy(const Vector &x) const
 {
-   xs.Update(const_cast<Vector&>(x), block_offsets);
+   xs.Update(x.GetData(), block_offsets);
   return GetEnergyBlocked(xs);
 }

@@ -646,9 +646,7 @@ void BlockNonlinearForm::MultBlocked(const BlockVector &bx,
   Array<const FiniteElement *> fe2(fes.Size());
   ElementTransformation *T;

-   by.UseDevice(true);
   by = 0.0;
-   by.SyncToBlocks();
   for (int s=0; s<fes.Size(); ++s)
   {
      el_x_const[s] = el_x[s] = new Vector();
@@ -787,8 +785,6 @@ void BlockNonlinearForm::MultBlocked(const BlockVector &bx,
      delete el_y[s];
      delete el_x[s];
   }
-
-   by.SyncFromBlocks();
 }

 const BlockVector &BlockNonlinearForm::Prolongate(const BlockVector &bx) const
@@ -809,8 +805,8 @@ const BlockVector &BlockNonlinearForm::Prolongate(const BlockVector &bx) const

 void BlockNonlinearForm::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
 {
-   BlockVector bx(const_cast<Vector&>(x), block_trueOffsets);
-   BlockVector by(y, block_trueOffsets);
+   BlockVector bx(x.GetData(), block_trueOffsets);
+   BlockVector by(y.GetData(), block_trueOffsets);

   const BlockVector &pbx = Prolongate(bx);
   if (needs_prolongation)
@@ -819,8 +815,8 @@ void BlockNonlinearForm::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
   }
   BlockVector &pby = needs_prolongation ? aux2 : by;

-   xs.Update(const_cast<BlockVector&>(pbx), block_offsets);
-   ys.Update(pby, block_offsets);
+   xs.Update(pbx.GetData(), block_offsets);
+   ys.Update(pby.GetData(), block_offsets);
   MultBlocked(xs, ys);

   for (int s = 0; s < fes.Size(); s++)
@@ -983,8 +979,6 @@ void BlockNonlinearForm::ComputeGradientBlocked(const BlockVector &bx) const

            for (int k = 0; k < bfnfi.Size(); ++k)
            {
-               if (bfnfi_marker[k] &&
-                   (*bfnfi_marker[k])[bdr_attr-1] == 0) { continue; }
               bfnfi[k]->AssembleFaceGrad(fe, fe2, *tr, el_x_const, elmats);
               for (int l=0; l<fes.Size(); ++l)
               {
@@ -1025,7 +1019,7 @@ void BlockNonlinearForm::ComputeGradientBlocked(const BlockVector &bx) const

 Operator &BlockNonlinearForm::GetGradient(const Vector &x) const
 {
-   BlockVector bx(const_cast<Vector&>(x), block_trueOffsets);
+   BlockVector bx(x.GetData(), block_trueOffsets);
   const BlockVector &pbx = Prolongate(bx);

   ComputeGradientBlocked(pbx);
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ protected:
 public:
   /** @brief Prescribe a fixed IntegrationRule to use (when @a ir != NULL) or
       let the integrator choose (when @a ir == NULL). */
-   virtual void SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir) { IntRule = ir; }
+   void SetIntRule(const IntegrationRule *ir) { IntRule = ir; }

   /// Prescribe a fixed IntegrationRule to use.
-   void SetIntegrationRule(const IntegrationRule &ir) { SetIntRule(&ir); }
+   void SetIntegrationRule(const IntegrationRule &irule) { IntRule = &irule; }

   /// Set the memory type used for GeometricFactors and other large allocations
   /// in PA extensions.
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public:
       @param[in,out] y  The result Vector: @f$ y += G x @f$. */
   virtual void AddMultGradPA(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;

-   /// Method for computing the diagonal of the gradient with partial assembly.
+   /// Method for computing the diagonal of the gradient with partial assmebly.
   /** The result Vector @a diag is an E-Vector. This method can be called only
       after the method AssembleGradPA() has been called.

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ void ParBilinearForm::ParallelAssemble(OperatorHandle &A, SparseMatrix *A_local)

   OperatorHandle dA(A.Type()), Ph(A.Type()), hdA;

-   if (interior_face_integs.Size() == 0)
+   if (fbfi.Size() == 0)
   {
      // construct a parallel block-diagonal matrix 'A' based on 'a'
      dA.MakeSquareBlockDiag(pfes->GetComm(), pfes->GlobalVSize(),
@@ -214,12 +214,11 @@ void ParBilinearForm::AssembleSharedFaces(int skip_zeros)
         }
      }
      vdofs_all.Append(vdofs2);
-      for (int k = 0; k < interior_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < fbfi.Size(); k++)
      {
-         interior_face_integs[k]->
-         AssembleFaceMatrix(*pfes->GetFE(T->Elem1No),
-                            *pfes->GetFaceNbrFE(Elem2NbrNo),
-                            *T, elemmat);
+         fbfi[k]->AssembleFaceMatrix(*pfes->GetFE(T->Elem1No),
+                                     *pfes->GetFaceNbrFE(Elem2NbrNo),
+                                     *T, elemmat);
         if (keep_nbr_block)
         {
            mat->AddSubMatrix(vdofs_all, vdofs_all, elemmat, skip_zeros);
@@ -234,7 +233,7 @@ void ParBilinearForm::AssembleSharedFaces(int skip_zeros)

 void ParBilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)
 {
-   if (interior_face_integs.Size())
+   if (fbfi.Size())
   {
      pfes->ExchangeFaceNbrData();
      if (!ext && mat == NULL)
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ void ParBilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)

   BilinearForm::Assemble(skip_zeros);

-   if (!ext && interior_face_integs.Size() > 0)
+   if (!ext && fbfi.Size() > 0)
   {
      AssembleSharedFaces(skip_zeros);
   }
@@ -317,8 +316,7 @@ ParallelEliminateEssentialBC(const Array<int> &bdr_attr_is_ess,
 void ParBilinearForm::TrueAddMult(const Vector &x, Vector &y, const double a)
 const
 {
-   MFEM_VERIFY(interior_face_integs.Size() == 0,
-               "the case of interior face integrators is not"
+   MFEM_VERIFY(fbfi.Size() == 0, "the case of interior face integrators is not"
               " implemented");

   if (X.ParFESpace() != pfes)
@@ -473,7 +471,7 @@ void ParBilinearForm::RecoverFEMSolution(
   else
   {
      // Apply conforming prolongation
-      x.SetSize(P.Height(), GetHypreMemoryType());
+      x.SetSize(P.Height());
      P.Mult(X, x);
   }
 }
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ const FiniteElement *ParFiniteElementSpace::GetFE(int i) const
   else { return FiniteElementSpace::GetFE(i); }
 }

-const FaceRestriction *ParFiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(
+const Operator *ParFiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(
   ElementDofOrdering e_ordering, FaceType type, L2FaceValues mul) const
 {
   const bool is_dg_space = IsDGSpace();
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ const FaceRestriction *ParFiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(
   }
   else
   {
-      FaceRestriction *res;
+      Operator* res;
      if (is_dg_space)
      {
         res = new ParL2FaceRestriction(*this, e_ordering, type, m);
@@ -2885,10 +2885,19 @@ ParFiniteElementSpace::ParallelDerefinementMatrix(int old_ndofs,

   HypreParMatrix* R;
   R = new HypreParMatrix(MyComm, dof_offsets[nrk], old_dof_offsets[nrk],
-                          dof_offsets, old_dof_offsets, diag, offd, cmap,
-                          true);
+                          dof_offsets, old_dof_offsets, diag, offd, cmap);

-   R->SetOwnerFlags(R->OwnsDiag(), R->OwnsOffd(), 1);
+#ifndef HYPRE_BIGINT
+   diag->LoseData();
+   offd->LoseData();
+#else
+   diag->SetDataOwner(false);
+   offd->SetDataOwner(false);
+#endif
+   delete diag;
+   delete offd;
+
+   R->SetOwnerFlags(3, 3, 1);

   return R;
 }
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ public:
   /** Returns pointer to the FiniteElement in the FiniteElementCollection
       associated with i'th element in the mesh object. If @a i is greater than
       or equal to the number of local mesh elements, @a i will be interpreted
-       as a shifted index of a face neighbor element. */
+       as a shifted index of a face neigbor element. */
   virtual const FiniteElement *GetFE(int i) const;

   /** Returns an Operator that converts L-vectors to E-vectors on each face.
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ public:
       presence of shared faces. Shared faces are treated as interior faces,
       the returned operator handles the communication needed to get the
       shared face values from other MPI ranks */
-   virtual const FaceRestriction *GetFaceRestriction(
+   virtual const Operator *GetFaceRestriction(
      ElementDofOrdering e_ordering, FaceType type,
      L2FaceValues mul = L2FaceValues::DoubleValued) const;

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void ParLinearForm::Assemble()
 {
   LinearForm::Assemble();

-   if (interior_face_integs.Size())
+   if (iflfi.Size())
   {
      pfes->ExchangeFaceNbrData();
      AssembleSharedFaces();
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ void ParLinearForm::AssembleSharedFaces()
   Array<int> vdofs;
   Vector elemvect;

-   if (interior_face_integs.Size())
+   if (iflfi.Size())
   {
      ParMesh *pmesh = pfes->GetParMesh();
-      for (int k = 0; k < interior_face_integs.Size(); k++)
+      for (int k = 0; k < iflfi.Size(); k++)
      {
         for (int i = 0; i < pmesh->GetNSharedFaces(); i++)
         {
@@ -73,10 +73,9 @@ void ParLinearForm::AssembleSharedFaces()
            {
               int Elem2Nbr = tr->Elem2No - pmesh->GetNE();
               fes -> GetElementVDofs (tr -> Elem1No, vdofs);
-               interior_face_integs[k]->
-               AssembleRHSElementVect(*fes->GetFE(tr->Elem1No),
-                                      *pfes->GetFaceNbrFE(Elem2Nbr),
-                                      *tr, elemvect);
+               iflfi[0] -> AssembleRHSElementVect (*fes->GetFE(tr -> Elem1No),
+                                                   *pfes->GetFaceNbrFE(Elem2Nbr),
+                                                   *tr, elemvect);
               AddElementVector (vdofs, elemvect);
            }
         }
@@ -218,8 +218,7 @@ void ParBlockNonlinearForm::SetEssentialBC(const

 double ParBlockNonlinearForm::GetEnergy(const Vector &x) const
 {
-   // xs_true is not modified, so const_cast is okay
-   xs_true.Update(const_cast<Vector &>(x), block_trueOffsets);
+   xs_true.Update(x.GetData(), block_trueOffsets);
   xs.Update(block_offsets);

   for (int s = 0; s < fes.Size(); ++s)
@@ -238,9 +237,8 @@ double ParBlockNonlinearForm::GetEnergy(const Vector &x) const

 void ParBlockNonlinearForm::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
 {
-   // xs_true is not modified, so const_cast is okay
-   xs_true.Update(const_cast<Vector &>(x), block_trueOffsets);
-   ys_true.Update(y, block_trueOffsets);
+   xs_true.Update(x.GetData(), block_trueOffsets);
+   ys_true.Update(y.GetData(), block_trueOffsets);
   xs.Update(block_offsets);
   ys.Update(block_offsets);

@@ -264,17 +262,13 @@ void ParBlockNonlinearForm::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const

      ys_true.GetBlock(s).SetSubVector(*ess_tdofs[s], 0.0);
   }
-
-   ys_true.SyncFromBlocks();
-   y.SyncMemory(ys_true);
 }

 /// Return the local gradient matrix for the given true-dof vector x
 const BlockOperator & ParBlockNonlinearForm::GetLocalGradient(
   const Vector &x) const
 {
-   // xs_true is not modified, so const_cast is okay
-   xs_true.Update(const_cast<Vector &>(x), block_trueOffsets);
+   xs_true.Update(x.GetData(), block_trueOffsets);
   xs.Update(block_offsets);

   for (int s=0; s<fes.Size(); ++s)
@@ -283,8 +277,7 @@ const BlockOperator & ParBlockNonlinearForm::GetLocalGradient(
         xs_true.GetBlock(s), xs.GetBlock(s));
   }

-   // (re)assemble Grad without b.c. into 'Grads'
-   BlockNonlinearForm::ComputeGradientBlocked(xs);
+   BlockNonlinearForm::ComputeGradientBlocked(xs); // (re)assemble Grad with b.c.

   delete BlockGrad;
   BlockGrad = new BlockOperator(block_offsets);
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include "gridfunc.hpp"
 #include "fespace.hpp"
 #include "../general/forall.hpp"
-#include <climits>

 namespace mfem
 {
@@ -268,25 +267,35 @@ void ElementRestriction::FillSparseMatrix(const Vector &mat_ea,
   FillJAndData(mat_ea, mat);
 }

+template <int MaxNbNbr>
 static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE int GetMinElt(const int *my_elts, const int nbElts,
                                      const int *nbr_elts, const int nbrNbElts)
 {
-   // Find the minimal element index found in both my_elts[] and nbr_elts[]
-   int min_el = INT_MAX;
+   // Building the intersection
+   int inter[MaxNbNbr];
+   int cpt = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < nbElts; i++)
   {
      const int e_i = my_elts[i];
-      if (e_i >= min_el) { continue; }
      for (int j = 0; j < nbrNbElts; j++)
      {
         if (e_i==nbr_elts[j])
         {
-            min_el = e_i; // we already know e_i < min_el
-            break;
+            inter[cpt] = e_i;
+            cpt++;
         }
      }
   }
-   return min_el;
+   // Finding the minimum
+   int min = inter[0];
+   for (int i = 1; i < cpt; i++)
+   {
+      if (inter[i] < min)
+      {
+         min = inter[i];
+      }
+   }
+   return min;
 }

 /** Returns the index where a non-zero entry should be added and increment the
@@ -346,7 +355,7 @@ int ElementRestriction::FillI(SparseMatrix &mat) const
                  const int elt = j_E/elt_dofs;
                  j_elts[e_j] = elt;
               }
-               int min_e = GetMinElt(i_elts, i_nbElts, j_elts, j_nbElts);
+               int min_e = GetMinElt<Max>(i_elts, i_nbElts, j_elts, j_nbElts);
               if (e == min_e) // add the nnz only once
               {
                  GetAndIncrementNnzIndex(i_L, I);
@@ -425,7 +434,7 @@ void ElementRestriction::FillJAndData(const Vector &ea_data,
                  j_elts[e_j] = elt;
                  j_B[e_j]    = j_E%elt_dofs;
               }
-               int min_e = GetMinElt(i_elts, i_nbElts, j_elts, j_nbElts);
+               int min_e = GetMinElt<Max>(i_elts, i_nbElts, j_elts, j_nbElts);
               if (e == min_e) // add the nnz only once
               {
                  double val = 0.0;
@@ -838,7 +847,7 @@ void H1FaceRestriction::Mult(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
   });
 }

-void H1FaceRestriction::AddMultTranspose(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
+void H1FaceRestriction::MultTranspose(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
 {
   // Assumes all elements have the same number of dofs
   const int nd = dof;
@@ -847,7 +856,7 @@ void H1FaceRestriction::AddMultTranspose(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
   auto d_offsets = offsets.Read();
   auto d_indices = gather_indices.Read();
   auto d_x = Reshape(x.Read(), nd, vd, nf);
-   auto d_y = Reshape(y.ReadWrite(), t?vd:ndofs, t?ndofs:vd);
+   auto d_y = Reshape(y.Write(), t?vd:ndofs, t?ndofs:vd);
   MFEM_FORALL(i, ndofs,
   {
      const int offset = d_offsets[i];
@@ -1258,7 +1267,7 @@ void L2FaceRestriction::Mult(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
   }
 }

-void L2FaceRestriction::AddMultTranspose(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
+void L2FaceRestriction::MultTranspose(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
 {
   // Assumes all elements have the same number of dofs
   const int nd = dof;
@@ -1271,7 +1280,7 @@ void L2FaceRestriction::AddMultTranspose(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
   if (m == L2FaceValues::DoubleValued)
   {
      auto d_x = Reshape(x.Read(), nd, vd, 2, nf);
-      auto d_y = Reshape(y.ReadWrite(), t?vd:ndofs, t?ndofs:vd);
+      auto d_y = Reshape(y.Write(), t?vd:ndofs, t?ndofs:vd);
      MFEM_FORALL(i, ndofs,
      {
         const int offset = d_offsets[i];
@@ -1295,7 +1304,7 @@ void L2FaceRestriction::AddMultTranspose(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
   else
   {
      auto d_x = Reshape(x.Read(), nd, vd, nf);
-      auto d_y = Reshape(y.ReadWrite(), t?vd:ndofs, t?ndofs:vd);
+      auto d_y = Reshape(y.Write(), t?vd:ndofs, t?ndofs:vd);
      MFEM_FORALL(i, ndofs,
      {
         const int offset = d_offsets[i];
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ namespace mfem
 class FiniteElementSpace;
 enum class ElementDofOrdering;

+/** An enum type to specify if only e1 value is requested (SingleValued) or both
+    e1 and e2 (DoubleValued). */
+enum class L2FaceValues : bool {SingleValued, DoubleValued};
+
 /// Operator that converts FiniteElementSpace L-vectors to E-vectors.
 /** Objects of this type are typically created and owned by FiniteElementSpace
    objects, see FiniteElementSpace::GetElementRestriction(). */
@@ -100,75 +104,10 @@ public:
   void FillJAndData(const Vector &ea_data, SparseMatrix &mat) const;
 };

-/** An enum type to specify if only e1 value is requested (SingleValued) or both
-    e1 and e2 (DoubleValued). */
-enum class L2FaceValues : bool {SingleValued, DoubleValued};
-
-/** @brief Base class for operators that extracts Face degrees of freedom.
-
-    In order to compute quantities on the faces of a mesh, it is often useful to
-    extract the degrees of freedom on the faces of the elements. This class
-    provides an interface for such operations.
-
-    If the FiniteElementSpace is ordered by Ordering::byVDIM, then the expected
-    format for the L-vector is (vdim x ndofs), otherwise if Ordering::byNODES
-    the expected format is (ndofs x vdim), where ndofs is the total number of
-    degrees of freedom.
-    Since FiniteElementSpace can either be continuous or discontinuous, the
-    degrees of freedom on a face can either be single valued or double valued,
-    this is what we refer to as the multiplicity and is represented by the
-    L2FaceValues enum type.
-    The format of the output face E-vector of degrees of freedom is
-    (face_dofs x vdim x multiplicity x nfaces), where face_dofs is the number of
-    degrees of freedom on each face, and nfaces the number of faces of the
-    requested FaceType (see FiniteElementSpace::GetNFbyType).
-
-    @note Objects of this type are typically created and owned by
-    FiniteElementSpace objects, see FiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(). */
-class FaceRestriction : public Operator
-{
-public:
-   FaceRestriction(): Operator() { }
-
-   FaceRestriction(int h, int w): Operator(h, w) { }
-
-   virtual ~FaceRestriction() { }
-
-   /** @brief Extract the face degrees of freedom from @a x into @a y.
-
-       @param[in]  x The L-vector of degrees of freedom.
-       @param[out] y The degrees of freedom on the face, corresponding to a face
-                     E-vector.
-   */
-   void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const override = 0;
-
-   /** @brief Add the face degrees of freedom @a x to the element degrees of
-       freedom @a y.
-
-       @param[in]     x The face degrees of freedom on the face.
-       @param[in,out] y The L-vector of degrees of freedom to which we add the
-                        face degrees of freedom.
-   */
-   virtual void AddMultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const = 0;
-
-   /** @brief Set the face degrees of freedom in the element degrees of freedom
-       @a y to the values given in @a x.
-
-       @param[in]     x The face degrees of freedom on the face.
-       @param[in,out] y The L-vector of degrees of freedom to which we add the
-                        face degrees of freedom.
-   */
-   void MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const override
-   {
-      y = 0.0;
-      AddMultTranspose(x, y);
-   }
-};
-
-/// Operator that extracts Face degrees of freedom for H1 FiniteElementSpaces.
+/// Operator that extracts Face degrees of freedom.
 /** Objects of this type are typically created and owned by FiniteElementSpace
    objects, see FiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(). */
-class H1FaceRestriction : public FaceRestriction
+class H1FaceRestriction : public Operator
 {
 protected:
   const FiniteElementSpace &fes;
@@ -183,42 +122,16 @@ protected:
   Array<int> gather_indices;

 public:
-   /** @brief Constructor for a H1FaceRestriction.
-
-       @param[in] fes The FiniteElementSpace on which this H1FaceRestriction
-                      operates.
-       @param[in] ordering The requested output ordering of the
-                           H1FaceRestriction, either Native or Lexicographic.
-       @param[in] type The requested type of faces on which this operator
-                       extracts the degrees of freedom, either Interior or
-                       Boundary.
-   */
-   H1FaceRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace& fes,
-                     const ElementDofOrdering ordering,
-                     const FaceType type);
-
-   /** @brief Extract the face degrees of freedom from @a x into @a y.
-
-       @param[in]  x The L-vector of degrees of freedom.
-       @param[out] y The degrees of freedom on the face, corresponding to a face
-                     E-vector.
-   */
-   void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const override;
-
-   /** @brief Add the face degrees of freedom @a x to the element degrees of
-       freedom @a y.
-
-       @param[in]     x The face degrees of freedom on the face.
-       @param[in,out] y The L-vector of degrees of freedom to which we add the
-                        face degrees of freedom.
-   */
-   void AddMultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const override;
+   H1FaceRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace&, const ElementDofOrdering,
+                     const FaceType);
+   void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
+   void MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
 };

-/// Operator that extracts Face degrees of freedom on L2 FiniteElementSpaces.
+/// Operator that extracts Face degrees of freedom.
 /** Objects of this type are typically created and owned by FiniteElementSpace
    objects, see FiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(). */
-class L2FaceRestriction : public FaceRestriction
+class L2FaceRestriction : public Operator
 {
 protected:
   const FiniteElementSpace &fes;
@@ -241,38 +154,19 @@ protected:
                     const L2FaceValues m = L2FaceValues::DoubleValued);

 public:
-   L2FaceRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace&,
-                     const ElementDofOrdering,
+   L2FaceRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace&, const ElementDofOrdering,
                     const FaceType,
                     const L2FaceValues m = L2FaceValues::DoubleValued);
-
-   /** @brief Extract the face degrees of freedom from @a x into @a y.
-
-       @param[in]  x The L-vector of degrees of freedom.
-       @param[out] y The degrees of freedom on the face, corresponding to a face
-                     E-vector.
-   */
-   void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const override;
-
-   /** @brief Add the face degrees of freedom @a x to the element degrees of
-       freedom @a y.
-
-       @param[in]     x The face degrees of freedom on the face.
-       @param[in,out] y The L-vector of degrees of freedom to which we add the
-                        face degrees of freedom.
-   */
-   void AddMultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const override;
-
+   virtual void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
+   void MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
   /** Fill the I array of SparseMatrix corresponding to the sparsity pattern
       given by this L2FaceRestriction. */
   virtual void FillI(SparseMatrix &mat, const bool keep_nbr_block = false) const;
-
   /** Fill the J and Data arrays of SparseMatrix corresponding to the sparsity
       pattern given by this L2FaceRestriction, and the values of ea_data. */
   virtual void FillJAndData(const Vector &ea_data,
                             SparseMatrix &mat,
                             const bool keep_nbr_block = false) const;
-
   /// This methods adds the DG face matrices to the element matrices.
   void AddFaceMatricesToElementMatrices(Vector &fea_data,
                                         Vector &ea_data) const;
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ void TMOP_Combo_QualityMetric::EvalP(const DenseMatrix &Jpt,
                                     DenseMatrix &P) const
 {
   DenseMatrix Pt(P.Size());
-   P = 0.0;
   for (int i = 0; i < tmop_q_arr.Size(); i++)
   {
      tmop_q_arr[i]->EvalP(Jpt, Pt);
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@ void TMOP_Combo_QualityMetric::AssembleH(const DenseMatrix &Jpt,
   DenseMatrix At(A.Size());
   for (int i = 0; i < tmop_q_arr.Size(); i++)
   {
-      At = 0.0;
      tmop_q_arr[i]->AssembleH(Jpt, DS, weight, At);
      At *= wt_arr[i];
      A += At;
@@ -371,8 +371,6 @@ public:
      AddQualityMetric(sh_metric, 1.-gamma_);
      AddQualityMetric(sz_metric, gamma_);
   }
-   virtual int Id() const { return 80; }
-   double GetGamma() const { return gamma; }

   virtual ~TMOP_Metric_080() { delete sh_metric; delete sz_metric; }
 };
@@ -592,52 +590,6 @@ public:
   virtual int Id() const { return 321; }
 };

-/// 3D barrier Shape+Size (VS) metric (polyconvex).
-class TMOP_Metric_332 : public TMOP_Combo_QualityMetric
-{
-protected:
-   double gamma;
-   TMOP_QualityMetric *sh_metric, *sz_metric;
-
-public:
-   TMOP_Metric_332(double gamma_) : gamma(gamma_),
-      sh_metric(new TMOP_Metric_302),
-      sz_metric(new TMOP_Metric_315)
-   {
-      // (1-gamma) mu_302 + gamma mu_315
-      AddQualityMetric(sh_metric, 1.-gamma_);
-      AddQualityMetric(sz_metric, gamma_);
-   }
-
-   virtual int Id() const { return 332; }
-   double GetGamma() const { return gamma; }
-
-   virtual ~TMOP_Metric_332() { delete sh_metric; delete sz_metric; }
-};
-
-/// 3D barrier Shape+Size (VS) metric (polyconvex).
-class TMOP_Metric_333 : public TMOP_Combo_QualityMetric
-{
-protected:
-   double gamma;
-   TMOP_QualityMetric *sh_metric, *sz_metric;
-
-public:
-   TMOP_Metric_333(double gamma_) : gamma(gamma_),
-      sh_metric(new TMOP_Metric_302),
-      sz_metric(new TMOP_Metric_316)
-   {
-      // (1-gamma) mu_302 + gamma mu_316
-      AddQualityMetric(sh_metric, 1.-gamma_);
-      AddQualityMetric(sz_metric, gamma_);
-   }
-
-   virtual int Id() const { return 333; }
-   double GetGamma() const { return gamma; }
-
-   virtual ~TMOP_Metric_333() { delete sh_metric; delete sz_metric; }
-};
-
 /// Shifted barrier form of 3D metric 16 (volume, ideal barrier metric), 3D
 class TMOP_Metric_352 : public TMOP_QualityMetric
 {
@@ -150,49 +150,9 @@ void EvalH_077(const int e, const int qx, const int qy,
   }
 }

-static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline
-void EvalH_080(const int e, const int qx, const int qy,
-               const double weight, const double gamma, const double *Jpt,
-               DeviceTensor<7,double> H)
-{
-   // h_80 = (1-gamma) h_2 + gamma h_77.
-
-   constexpr int DIM = 2;
-   double ddI1[4], ddI1b[4], dI2[4], dI2b[4], ddI2[4];
-   kernels::InvariantsEvaluator2D ie(Args()
-                                     .J(Jpt)
-                                     .dI2(dI2)
-                                     .ddI1(ddI1)
-                                     .ddI1b(ddI1b)
-                                     .dI2b(dI2b)
-                                     .ddI2(ddI2));
-
-   const double I2 = ie.Get_I2(), I2inv_sq = 1.0 / (I2 * I2);
-   ConstDeviceMatrix di2(ie.Get_dI2(),DIM,DIM);
-   for (int i = 0; i < DIM; i++)
-   {
-      for (int j = 0; j < DIM; j++)
-      {
-         ConstDeviceMatrix ddi1b(ie.Get_ddI1b(i,j),DIM,DIM);
-         ConstDeviceMatrix ddi2(ie.Get_ddI2(i,j),DIM,DIM);
-         for (int r = 0; r < DIM; r++)
-         {
-            for (int c = 0; c < DIM; c++)
-            {
-               H(r,c,i,j,qx,qy,e) =
-                  (1.0 - gamma) * 0.5 * weight * ddi1b(r,c) +
-                  gamma * ( weight * 0.5 * (1.0 - I2inv_sq) * ddi2(r,c) +
-                            weight * (I2inv_sq / I2) * di2(r,c) * di2(i,j) );
-            }
-         }
-      }
-   }
-}
-
 MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, SetupGradPA_2D,
                           const Vector &x_,
                           const double metric_normal,
-                           const double metric_param,
                           const int mid,
                           const int NE,
                           const Array<double> &w_,
@@ -203,7 +163,7 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, SetupGradPA_2D,
                           const int d1d,
                           const int q1d)
 {
-   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 1 || mid == 2 || mid == 7 || mid == 77 || mid == 80,
+   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 1 || mid == 2 || mid == 7 || mid == 77,
               "Metric not yet implemented!");

   constexpr int DIM = 2;
@@ -262,7 +222,6 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, SetupGradPA_2D,
            if (mid ==  2) { EvalH_002(e,qx,qy,weight,Jpt,H); }
            if (mid ==  7) { EvalH_007(e,qx,qy,weight,Jpt,H); }
            if (mid == 77) { EvalH_077(e,qx,qy,weight,Jpt,H); }
-            if (mid == 80) { EvalH_080(e,qx,qy,weight,metric_param,Jpt,H); }
         } // qx
      } // qy
   });
@@ -282,10 +241,7 @@ void TMOP_Integrator::AssembleGradPA_2D(const Vector &X) const
   const Array<double> &G = PA.maps->G;
   Vector &H = PA.H;

-   double mp = 0.0;
-   if (auto m = dynamic_cast<TMOP_Metric_080 *>(metric)) { mp = m->GetGamma(); }
-
-   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(SetupGradPA_2D,id,X,mn,mp,M,N,W,B,G,J,H);
+   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(SetupGradPA_2D,id,X,mn,M,N,W,B,G,J,H);
 }

 } // namespace mfem
@@ -181,58 +181,8 @@ void EvalH_321(const int e, const int qx, const int qy, const int qz,
   }
 }

-// H_332 = (1-gamma) H_302 + gamma H_315
-static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline
-void EvalH_332(const int e, const int qx, const int qy, const int qz,
-               const double weight, const double gamma,
-               const double *J, DeviceTensor<8,double> dP)
-{
-   double B[9];
-   double         dI1b[9],          ddI1b[9];
-   double dI2[9], dI2b[9], ddI2[9], ddI2b[9];
-   double         dI3b[9],          ddI3b[9];
-   constexpr int DIM = 3;
-   kernels::InvariantsEvaluator3D ie(Args()
-                                     .J(J).B(B)
-                                     .dI1b(dI1b).ddI1b(ddI1b)
-                                     .dI2(dI2).dI2b(dI2b).ddI2(ddI2).ddI2b(ddI2b)
-                                     .dI3b(dI3b).ddI3b(ddI3b));
-   double sign_detJ;
-   const double c1 = weight/9.;
-   const double I1b = ie.Get_I1b();
-   const double I2b = ie.Get_I2b();
-   const double I3b = ie.Get_I3b(sign_detJ);
-   ConstDeviceMatrix di1b(ie.Get_dI1b(),DIM,DIM);
-   ConstDeviceMatrix di2b(ie.Get_dI2b(),DIM,DIM);
-   ConstDeviceMatrix di3b(ie.Get_dI3b(sign_detJ),DIM,DIM);
-   for (int i = 0; i < DIM; i++)
-   {
-      for (int j = 0; j < DIM; j++)
-      {
-         ConstDeviceMatrix ddi1b(ie.Get_ddI1b(i,j),DIM,DIM);
-         ConstDeviceMatrix ddi2b(ie.Get_ddI2b(i,j),DIM,DIM);
-         ConstDeviceMatrix ddi3b(ie.Get_ddI3b(i,j),DIM,DIM);
-         for (int r = 0; r < DIM; r++)
-         {
-            for (int c = 0; c < DIM; c++)
-            {
-               const double dp_302 =
-                  (di2b(r,c)*di1b(i,j) + di1b(r,c)*di2b(i,j))
-                  + ddi2b(r,c)*I1b
-                  + ddi1b(r,c)*I2b;
-               const double dp_315 = 2.0 * weight * (I3b - 1.0) * ddi3b(r,c) +
-                                     2.0 * weight * di3b(r,c) * di3b(i,j);
-               dP(r,c,i,j,qx,qy,qz,e) = (1.0 - gamma) * c1 * dp_302 +
-                                        gamma * dp_315;
-            }
-         }
-      }
-   }
-}
-
 MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, SetupGradPA_3D,
                           const double metric_normal,
-                           const double metric_param,
                           const int mid,
                           const Vector &x_,
                           const int NE,
@@ -244,8 +194,8 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, SetupGradPA_3D,
                           const int d1d,
                           const int q1d)
 {
-   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 302 || mid == 303 || mid == 315 ||
-               mid == 321 || mid == 332, "3D metric not yet implemented!");
+   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 302 || mid == 303 || mid == 315 || mid == 321 ,
+               "3D metric not yet implemented!");

   constexpr int DIM = 3;
   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -305,7 +255,6 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, SetupGradPA_3D,
               if (mid == 303) { EvalH_303(e,qx,qy,qz,weight,Jpt,H); }
               if (mid == 315) { EvalH_315(e,qx,qy,qz,weight,Jpt,H); }
               if (mid == 321) { EvalH_321(e,qx,qy,qz,weight,Jpt,H); }
-               if (mid == 332) { EvalH_332(e,qx,qy,qz,weight,metric_param,Jpt,H); }
            } // qx
         } // qy
      } // qz
@@ -326,10 +275,7 @@ void TMOP_Integrator::AssembleGradPA_3D(const Vector &X) const
   const Array<double> &G = PA.maps->G;
   Vector &H = PA.H;

-   double mp = 0.0;
-   if (auto m = dynamic_cast<TMOP_Metric_332 *>(metric)) { mp = m->GetGamma(); }
-
-   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(SetupGradPA_3D,id,mn,mp,M,X,N,W,B,G,J,H);
+   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(SetupGradPA_3D,id,mn,M,X,N,W,B,G,J,H);
 }

 } // namespace mfem
@@ -58,24 +58,8 @@ void EvalP_077(const double *Jpt, double *P)
   kernels::Set(2,2, 0.5 * (1.0 - 1.0 / (I2 * I2)), ie.Get_dI2(), P);
 }

-static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline
-void EvalP_080(const double *Jpt, double gamma, double *P)
-{
-   // p_80 = (1-gamma) p_2 + gamma p_77.
-
-   double dI1b[4], dI2[4], dI2b[4];
-   kernels::InvariantsEvaluator2D ie(Args().J(Jpt).
-                                     dI1b(dI1b).dI2(dI2).dI2b(dI2b));
-
-   kernels::Set(2,2, (1.0 - gamma) * 1./2., ie.Get_dI1b(), P);
-
-   const double I2 = ie.Get_I2();
-   kernels::Add(2,2, gamma * 0.5 * (1.0 - 1.0 / (I2 * I2)), ie.Get_dI2(), P);
-}
-
 MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, AddMultPA_Kernel_2D,
                           const double metric_normal,
-                           const double metric_param,
                           const int mid,
                           const int NE,
                           const DenseTensor &j_,
@@ -87,7 +71,7 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, AddMultPA_Kernel_2D,
                           const int d1d,
                           const int q1d)
 {
-   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 1 || mid == 2 || mid == 7 || mid == 77 || mid == 80,
+   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 1 || mid == 2 || mid == 7 || mid == 77,
               "Metric not yet implemented!");

   constexpr int DIM = 2;
@@ -148,7 +132,6 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, AddMultPA_Kernel_2D,
            if (mid ==  2) { EvalP_002(Jpt, P); }
            if (mid ==  7) { EvalP_007(Jpt, P); }
            if (mid == 77) { EvalP_077(Jpt, P); }
-            if (mid == 80) { EvalP_080(Jpt, metric_param, P); }
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { P[i] *= weight; }

            // PMatO += DS . P^t += DSh . (Jrt . P^t)
@@ -177,10 +160,7 @@ void TMOP_Integrator::AddMultPA_2D(const Vector &X, Vector &Y) const
   const Array<double> &G = PA.maps->G;
   const double mn = metric_normal;

-   double mp = 0.0;
-   if (auto m = dynamic_cast<TMOP_Metric_080 *>(metric)) { mp = m->GetGamma(); }
-
-   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(AddMultPA_Kernel_2D,id,mn,mp,M,N,J,W,B,G,X,Y);
+   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(AddMultPA_Kernel_2D,id,mn,M,N,J,W,B,G,X,Y);
 }

 } // namespace mfem
@@ -75,29 +75,8 @@ void EvalP_321(const double *J, double *P)
   kernels::Add(3,3, ie.Get_dI1(), P);
 }

-// P_332 = (1-gamma) P_302 + gamma P_315.
-static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline
-void EvalP_332(const double *J, double gamma, double *P)
-{
-   double B[9];
-   double dI1b[9], dI2[9], dI2b[9], dI3b[9];
-   kernels::InvariantsEvaluator3D ie(Args()
-                                     .J(J).B(B)
-                                     .dI1b(dI1b)
-                                     .dI2(dI2).dI2b(dI2b)
-                                     .dI3b(dI3b));
-   const double alpha = (1.0 - gamma) * ie.Get_I1b()/9.;
-   const double beta = (1.0 - gamma) * ie.Get_I2b()/9.;
-   kernels::Add(3,3, alpha, ie.Get_dI2b(), beta, ie.Get_dI1b(), P);
-
-   double sign_detJ;
-   const double I3b = ie.Get_I3b(sign_detJ);
-   kernels::Add(3,3, gamma * 2.0 * (I3b - 1.0), ie.Get_dI3b(sign_detJ), P);
-}
-
 MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, AddMultPA_Kernel_3D,
                           const double metric_normal,
-                           double metric_param,
                           const int mid,
                           const int NE,
                           const DenseTensor &j_,
@@ -109,8 +88,8 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, AddMultPA_Kernel_3D,
                           const int d1d,
                           const int q1d)
 {
-   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 302 || mid == 303 || mid == 315 ||
-               mid == 321 || mid == 332, "3D metric not yet implemented!");
+   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 302 || mid == 303 || mid == 315 || mid == 321 ,
+               "3D metric not yet implemented!");

   constexpr int DIM = 3;
   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -167,11 +146,10 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(void, AddMultPA_Kernel_3D,

               // metric->EvalP(Jpt, P);
               double P[9];
-               if (mid == 302) { EvalP_302(Jpt, P); }
-               if (mid == 303) { EvalP_303(Jpt, P); }
-               if (mid == 315) { EvalP_315(Jpt, P); }
-               if (mid == 321) { EvalP_321(Jpt, P); }
-               if (mid == 332) { EvalP_332(Jpt, metric_param, P); }
+               if (mid == 302) { EvalP_302(Jpt,P); }
+               if (mid == 303) { EvalP_303(Jpt,P); }
+               if (mid == 315) { EvalP_315(Jpt,P); }
+               if (mid == 321) { EvalP_321(Jpt,P); }
               for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) { P[i] *= weight; }

               // Y += DS . P^t += DSh . (Jrt . P^t)
@@ -202,10 +180,7 @@ void TMOP_Integrator::AddMultPA_3D(const Vector &X, Vector &Y) const
   const Array<double> &G = PA.maps->G;
   const double mn = metric_normal;

-   double mp = 0.0;
-   if (auto m = dynamic_cast<TMOP_Metric_332 *>(metric)) { mp = m->GetGamma(); }
-
-   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(AddMultPA_Kernel_3D,id,mn,mp,M,N,J,W,B,G,X,Y);
+   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(AddMultPA_Kernel_3D,id,mn,M,N,J,W,B,G,X,Y);
 }

 } // namespace mfem
@@ -50,15 +50,8 @@ double EvalW_077(const double *Jpt)
   return 0.5*(I2b*I2b + 1./(I2b*I2b) - 2.);
 }

-static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline
-double EvalW_080(const double *Jpt, double gamma)
-{
-   return (1.0 - gamma) * EvalW_002(Jpt) + gamma * EvalW_077(Jpt);
-}
-
 MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(double, EnergyPA_2D,
                           const double metric_normal,
-                           const double metric_param,
                           const int mid,
                           const int NE,
                           const DenseTensor &j_,
@@ -71,7 +64,7 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(double, EnergyPA_2D,
                           const int d1d,
                           const int q1d)
 {
-   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 1 || mid == 2 || mid == 7 || mid == 77 || mid == 80,
+   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 1 || mid == 2 || mid == 7 || mid == 77,
               "2D metric not yet implemented!");

   constexpr int DIM = 2;
@@ -132,8 +125,7 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(double, EnergyPA_2D,
            mid ==  1 ? EvalW_001(Jpt) :
            mid ==  2 ? EvalW_002(Jpt) :
            mid ==  7 ? EvalW_007(Jpt) :
-            mid == 77 ? EvalW_077(Jpt) :
-            mid == 80 ? EvalW_080(Jpt, metric_param) : 0.0;
+            mid == 77 ? EvalW_077(Jpt) : 0.0;

            E(qx,qy,e) = weight * EvalW;
         }
@@ -149,7 +141,7 @@ double TMOP_Integrator::GetLocalStateEnergyPA_2D(const Vector &X) const
   const int D1D = PA.maps->ndof;
   const int Q1D = PA.maps->nqpt;
   const int id = (D1D << 4 ) | Q1D;
-   const double mn = metric_normal;
+   const double m = metric_normal;
   const DenseTensor &J = PA.Jtr;
   const Array<double> &W = PA.ir->GetWeights();
   const Array<double> &B = PA.maps->B;
@@ -157,10 +149,7 @@ double TMOP_Integrator::GetLocalStateEnergyPA_2D(const Vector &X) const
   const Vector &O = PA.O;
   Vector &E = PA.E;

-   double mp = 0.0;
-   if (auto m = dynamic_cast<TMOP_Metric_080 *>(metric)) { mp = m->GetGamma(); }
-
-   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(EnergyPA_2D,id,mn,mp,M,N,J,W,B,G,X,O,E);
+   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(EnergyPA_2D,id,m,M,N,J,W,B,G,X,O,E);
 }

 } // namespace mfem
@@ -58,15 +58,8 @@ double EvalW_321(const double *J)
   return ie.Get_I1() + ie.Get_I2()/ie.Get_I3() - 6.0;
 }

-static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline
-double EvalW_332(const double *J, double gamma)
-{
-   return (1.0 - gamma) * EvalW_302(J) + gamma * EvalW_315(J);
-}
-
 MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(double, EnergyPA_3D,
                           const double metric_normal,
-                           const double metric_param,
                           const int mid,
                           const int NE,
                           const DenseTensor &j_,
@@ -79,8 +72,8 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(double, EnergyPA_3D,
                           const int d1d,
                           const int q1d)
 {
-   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 302 || mid == 303 || mid == 315 ||
-               mid == 321 || mid == 332, "3D metric not yet implemented!");
+   MFEM_VERIFY(mid == 302 || mid == 303 || mid == 315 || mid == 321 ,
+               "3D metric not yet implemented!");

   constexpr int DIM = 3;
   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -141,8 +134,7 @@ MFEM_REGISTER_TMOP_KERNELS(double, EnergyPA_3D,
               mid == 302 ? EvalW_302(Jpt) :
               mid == 303 ? EvalW_303(Jpt) :
               mid == 315 ? EvalW_315(Jpt) :
-               mid == 321 ? EvalW_321(Jpt) :
-               mid == 332 ? EvalW_332(Jpt, metric_param) : 0.0;
+               mid == 321 ? EvalW_321(Jpt) : 0.0;

               E(qx,qy,qz,e) = weight * EvalW;
            }
@@ -167,10 +159,7 @@ double TMOP_Integrator::GetLocalStateEnergyPA_3D(const Vector &X) const
   const Vector &O = PA.O;
   Vector &E = PA.E;

-   double mp = 0.0;
-   if (auto m = dynamic_cast<TMOP_Metric_332 *>(metric)) { mp = m->GetGamma(); }
-
-   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(EnergyPA_3D,id,mn,mp,M,N,J,W,B,G,O,X,E);
+   MFEM_LAUNCH_TMOP_KERNEL(EnergyPA_3D,id,mn,M,N,J,W,B,G,O,X,E);
 }

 } // namespace mfem
@@ -339,10 +339,6 @@ inline bool operator!=(const Array<T> &LHS, const Array<T> &RHS)
 }


-/// Utility function similar to std::as_const in c++17.
-template <typename T> const T &AsConst(T &a) { return a; }
-
-
 template <class T>
 class Array2D;

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
psocratis	2a31d5ebc0	make style	2021-06-28 19:15:44 -07:00
psocratis	e8f2e129be	Adding Mesh::ExtractSurfaceMesh	2021-06-28 19:11:01 -07:00
psocratis	aaf8bcd0b0	revert pmesh.hpp to master	2021-06-28 14:44:30 -07:00
psocratis	3e6b09835c	removing pmesh extraction dev	2021-06-28 14:42:24 -07:00
psocratis	674e39e37d	minor	2021-06-28 14:35:14 -07:00
psocratis	db8407e363	identified bug in ParMesh::ExtractMesh_	2021-06-26 14:31:50 -07:00
psocratis	a8f60b6984	extracting a sub parmesh from a parmesh in 2D	2021-06-25 21:05:54 -07:00
psocratis	84afb563e2	adding example extracting a surface from a periodic mesh	2021-06-22 19:02:10 -07:00
psocratis	b392800178	Fixed orientation issue for surface meshes	2021-06-22 19:00:41 -07:00
psocratis	4828306a43	mesh/surface extraction for periodic meshes	2021-06-21 20:05:21 -07:00
psocratis	4882e5707c	Build Prolongation maps between Subsurfaces/submeshes and mesh	2021-06-18 17:50:43 -07:00
psocratis	ed3eb071fb	extracting surface meshes	2021-06-17 19:54:48 -07:00
psocratis	9e11d5edb3	fixing makefile header	2021-06-17 10:41:51 -07:00
psocratis	d476650a29	Serial mesh ->submesh extraction	2021-06-16 19:46:25 -07:00