more temporary memory in tmop

fix: Write()->ReadWrite() in pfespace.cpp
grab the reset of the changes from 1644
2021-05-12 19:10:01 -07:00 · 2021-04-01 11:02:02 -07:00 · 2021-03-25 12:26:20 -07:00 · 2021-03-23 17:39:43 -07:00 · 2021-01-27 17:41:48 -08:00 · 2020-11-12 14:55:49 -08:00
224 changed files with 23194 additions and 4239 deletions
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ install:
 - msmpisdk.msi /passive
 - set PATH=C:\Program Files\Microsoft MPI\Bin;%PATH%

-# Install METIS
- ps: Start-FileDownload 'http://glaros.dtc.umn.edu/gkhome/fetch/sw/metis/metis-5.1.0.tar.gz'
+# Install METIS, use a mirror because the original source server is not always
+# up. Original url:
+#    http://glaros.dtc.umn.edu/gkhome/fetch/sw/metis/metis-5.1.0.tar.gz
+- ps: Start-FileDownload 'https://mfem.github.io/tpls/metis-5.1.0.tar.gz'
 - 7z x metis-5.1.0.tar.gz -so | 7z x -si -ttar > nul
 - cd metis-5.1.0
 - ps: ( get-content "GKlib\gk_arch.h") | % { If ($_.ReadCount -ge 52) {$_ -replace "#ifdef __MSC__","#ifdef DISABLE_THIS_ANCIENT_MSC_CHECK"} Else {$_} } | set-content "GKlib\gk_arch.h"
@@ -26,17 +28,17 @@ install:
 - cd ..

 # Install hypre
- ps: Start-FileDownload 'https://github.com/hypre-space/hypre/archive/V2-10-0b.tar.gz'
- 7z x V2-10-0b.tar.gz -so | 7z x -si -ttar > nul
- cd hypre-2-10-0b
- cmake -H. -Bbuild -DHYPRE_USING_FEI=OFF -DMPI_C_INCLUDE_PATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Include" -DMPI_C_LIBRARIES="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Lib\x86\msmpi.lib" -DMPI_CXX_LIBRARIES="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Lib\x86\msmpi.lib" -DMPI_CXX_INCLUDE_PATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Include"
+- ps: Start-FileDownload 'https://github.com/hypre-space/hypre/archive/v2.19.0.tar.gz'
+- 7z x v2.19.0.tar.gz -so | 7z x -si -ttar > nul
+- cd hypre-2.19.0/src
+- cmake -H. -Bbuild -DMPI_C_INCLUDE_PATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Include" -DMPI_C_LIBRARIES="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Lib\x86\msmpi.lib" -DMPI_CXX_LIBRARIES="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Lib\x86\msmpi.lib" -DMPI_CXX_INCLUDE_PATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Include"
 - cmake --build build
 - cmake --build build --target install
- cd ..
+- cd ../..

 # MFEM
 before_build:
- cmake -H. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install -Bbuild_parallel -DMFEM_USE_MPI=TRUE -DMFEM_USE_METIS_5=TRUE -DMPI_CXX_LIBRARIES="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Lib\x86\msmpi.lib" -DMPI_CXX_INCLUDE_PATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Include" -DHYPRE_LIBRARIES=%cd%\hypre-2-10-0b\hypre\lib\HYPRE.lib -DHYPRE_INCLUDE_DIRS=%cd%\hypre-2-10-0b\hypre\include -DHYPRE_VERSION=21000 -DMETIS_LIBRARIES=%cd%\metis-5.1.0\build\libmetis\Debug\metis.lib -DMETIS_INCLUDE_DIRS=%cd%\metis-5.1.0\include
+- cmake -H. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install -Bbuild_parallel -DMFEM_USE_MPI=TRUE -DMFEM_USE_METIS_5=TRUE -DMPI_CXX_LIBRARIES="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Lib\x86\msmpi.lib" -DMPI_CXX_INCLUDE_PATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\MPI\Include" -DHYPRE_DIR=%cd%\hypre-2.19.0\src\hypre -DMETIS_LIBRARIES=%cd%\metis-5.1.0\build\libmetis\Debug\metis.lib -DMETIS_INCLUDE_DIRS=%cd%\metis-5.1.0\include
 - cmake -H. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install -Bbuild_serial -DMFEM_USE_MPI=FALSE

 build_script:
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ examples/sundials/ex16-final.*
 examples/sundials/Example16*

 examples/petsc/ex[1-69]p
-examples/petsc/ex10p
+examples/petsc/ex1[0-1]p

 examples/petsc/mesh.*
 examples/petsc/sol.*
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ examples/petsc/Example9*
 examples/petsc/deformed.*
 examples/petsc/velocity.*
 examples/petsc/elastic_energy.*
+examples/petsc/mode_*

 examples/pumi/ex1
 examples/pumi/ex[126]p
@@ -243,12 +244,24 @@ miniapps/navier/navier_3dfoc
 miniapps/navier/tgv_out*.txt
 miniapps/navier/*_output

+miniapps/adjoint/cvsRoberts_ASAi_dns
+miniapps/adjoint/adjoint_advection_diffusion
+
 # Unit test binary and outputs
 tests/unit/output_meshes
 tests/unit/unit_tests
 tests/unit/punit_tests
 tests/unit/sedov_tests_*
 tests/unit/psedov_tests_*
+tests/unit/tmop_tests_*
+tests/unit/ptmop_tests_*
+tests/unit/cube.mesh
+tests/unit/star.mesh
+tests/unit/blade.mesh
+tests/unit/square01.mesh
+tests/unit/toroid-hex.mesh
+tests/unit/beam-hex-nurbs.mesh
+tests/unit/square-disc-nurbs.mesh

 # Test script output
 tests/scripts/*.err
@@ -11,11 +11,20 @@

 language: cpp

+os: linux
+dist: bionic
+
 stages:
  - checks
  - tests
  - optional

+env:
+  global:
+    - HYPRE_ARCHIVE=v2.19.0.tar.gz
+      HYPRE_URL=https://github.com/hypre-space/hypre/archive/$HYPRE_ARCHIVE
+      HYPRE_TOP_DIR=hypre-2.19.0
+
 jobs:
  include:

@@ -28,6 +37,7 @@ jobs:

    - stage: checks
      os: linux
+      dist: xenial
      name: "code-style"
      addons:
        apt:
@@ -46,9 +56,6 @@ jobs:
          packages:
            - doxygen
            - graphviz
-            - mpich
-            - libmpich-dev
-      env: MPI=YES
      script:
        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}
        - cd tests/scripts
@@ -63,13 +70,24 @@ jobs:
            - mpich
            - libmpich-dev
      env: MPI=YES
-      script:
+      before_script:
        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}
+        - mpicxx -v
        - make config MFEM_USE_MPI=YES MFEM_MPI_NP=2
        - make all -j3
        - make test-noclean
+      script:
        - cd tests/scripts
        - ./runtest gitignore
+      cache:
+        ccache: true
+        directories:
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
+      before_cache:
+        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
+          mv libmetis.a Lib ..; rm -rf * ; mv ../libmetis.a ../Lib .;
+          rm -f Lib/*.{c,o}

    # ========================
    #  Optional Checks/Tests
@@ -78,6 +96,7 @@ jobs:

    - stage: optional
      name: "branch-history"
+      if: branch != next
      # need full git history for the binary/big files check
      git:
        depth: false
@@ -106,6 +125,8 @@ jobs:
           MPI=NO
           CODECOV=NO
           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=check
+      cache:
+        ccache: true

    - os: linux
      compiler: gcc
@@ -114,6 +135,8 @@ jobs:
           MPI=NO
           CODECOV=NO
           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=test
+      cache:
+        ccache: true

    - os: linux
      compiler: gcc
@@ -137,9 +160,9 @@ jobs:
           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=check
           NPROCS=2
      cache:
+        ccache: true
        directories:
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/lib
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/include
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
      before_cache:
        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
@@ -168,9 +191,9 @@ jobs:
           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=test
           NPROCS=2
      cache:
+        ccache: true
        directories:
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/lib
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/include
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
      before_cache:
        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
@@ -193,16 +216,16 @@ jobs:
        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/build
        - cmake ..
             -DMFEM_USE_MPI=ON
-             -DHYPRE_DIR=${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre
+             -DHYPRE_DIR=${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
             -DMFEM_MPI_NP=$NPROCS
        - make -j3 mfem examples
        - cd ${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/build/tests/unit
        - make -j3
        - ctest --output-on-failure
      cache:
+        ccache: true
        directories:
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/lib
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/include
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
      before_cache:
        - cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0;
@@ -218,27 +241,43 @@ jobs:
    # - parallel

    - os: osx
-      # osx_image: xcode7.3
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
      compiler: clang
      name: "Mac: Serial + Debug"
+      addons:
+        homebrew:
+          packages:
+            - ccache
      env: DEBUG=YES
           MPI=NO
           CODECOV=NO
           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=check
+      cache:
+        ccache: true

    - os: osx
-      # osx_image: xcode7.3
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
      compiler: clang
      name: "Mac: Serial"
+      addons:
+        homebrew:
+          packages:
+            - ccache
      env: DEBUG=NO
           MPI=NO
           CODECOV=NO
           MFEM_TEST_TARGET=test
+      cache:
+        ccache: true

    - os: osx
-      # osx_image: xcode7.3
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
      compiler: clang
      name: "Mac: Parallel + Debug"
+      addons:
+        homebrew:
+          packages:
+            - ccache
      env: DEBUG=YES
           MPI=YES
           CODECOV=NO
@@ -246,9 +285,9 @@ jobs:
           NPROCS=4
           TMPDIR=/tmp
      cache:
+        ccache: true
        directories:
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/lib
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/include
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
          - $HOME/local-cached
      before_cache:
@@ -257,9 +296,13 @@ jobs:
          rm -f Lib/*.{c,o}

    - os: osx
-      # osx_image: xcode7.3
+      osx_image: xcode11.2
      compiler: clang
      name: "Mac: Parallel"
+      addons:
+        homebrew:
+          packages:
+            - ccache
      env: DEBUG=NO
           MPI=YES
           CODECOV=YES
@@ -267,9 +310,9 @@ jobs:
           NPROCS=4
           TMPDIR=/tmp
      cache:
+        ccache: true
        directories:
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/lib
-          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/include
+          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../$HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre
          - $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/../metis-4.0
          - $HOME/local-cached
      before_cache:
@@ -283,14 +326,19 @@ before_install:
   #      brew install open-mpi;
   #   fi

-   # On Mac OS X, build and cache OpenMPI 2.1.1:
+   # Disable ccache while building dependencies that are cached:
+   - echo "before \$PATH = $PATH";
+     export PATH=${PATH//\/usr\/lib\/ccache:/};
+     echo "after  \$PATH = $PATH"
+
+   # On Mac OS X, build and cache OpenMPI 2.1.6:
   - if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "osx" ] && [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
        if [ ! -e $HOME/local-cached/bin/mpicc ]; then
           mkdir -p $HOME/builds && cd $HOME/builds &&
-           wget https://www.open-mpi.org/software/ompi/v2.1/downloads/openmpi-2.1.1.tar.bz2 &&
-           tar jxf openmpi-2.1.1.tar.bz2 &&
+           wget https://download.open-mpi.org/release/open-mpi/v2.1/openmpi-2.1.6.tar.bz2 &&
+           tar jxf openmpi-2.1.6.tar.bz2 &&
           mkdir openmpi-build && cd openmpi-build &&
-           ../openmpi-2.1.1/configure --prefix=$HOME/local-cached &&
+           ../openmpi-2.1.6/configure --prefix=$HOME/local-cached &&
           make -j3 all && make install;
        fi;
        PATH=$HOME/local-cached/bin:$PATH;
@@ -335,26 +383,28 @@ install:

   # hypre
   - if [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
-        if [ ! -e hypre-2.10.0b/src/hypre/lib/libHYPRE.a ]; then
-           wget https://computation.llnl.gov/project/linear_solvers/download/hypre-2.10.0b.tar.gz --no-check-certificate;
-           rm -rf hypre-2.10.0b;
-           tar xvzf hypre-2.10.0b.tar.gz;
-           cd hypre-2.10.0b/src;
-           ./configure --disable-fortran --without-fei CC=mpicc CXX=mpic++;
+        if [ ! -e $HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src/hypre/lib/libHYPRE.a ]; then
+           wget $HYPRE_URL;
+           rm -rf $HYPRE_TOP_DIR;
+           tar xvzf $HYPRE_ARCHIVE;
+           cd $HYPRE_TOP_DIR/src;
+           ./configure --disable-fortran CC=mpicc CXX=mpic++;
           make -j3;
           cd ../..;
        else
-            echo "Reusing cached hypre-2.10.0b/";
+            echo "Reusing cached $HYPRE_TOP_DIR/";
        fi;
-        ln -s hypre-2.10.0b hypre;
+        ln -s $HYPRE_TOP_DIR hypre;
     else
        echo "Serial build, not using hypre";
     fi

-   # METIS
+   # METIS, use a mirror because the original source server is not always up.
+   # Original url:
+   #    http://glaros.dtc.umn.edu/gkhome/fetch/sw/metis/OLD/metis-4.0.3.tar.gz
   - if [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
        if [ ! -e metis-4.0/libmetis.a ]; then
-           wget http://glaros.dtc.umn.edu/gkhome/fetch/sw/metis/OLD/metis-4.0.3.tar.gz;
+           wget https://mfem.github.io/tpls/metis-4.0.3.tar.gz;
           tar xvzf metis-4.0.3.tar.gz;
           make -j3 -C metis-4.0.3/Lib CC="$CC" OPTFLAGS="-O2";
           rm -rf metis-4.0;
@@ -364,6 +414,18 @@ install:
        fi;
     fi

+   # Re-enable ccache on linux; enable ccache on mac os:
+   - if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "linux" ]; then
+        export PATH="/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH";
+     else
+        if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME == "osx" ]; then
+           export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ccache/libexec:$PATH";
+        fi;
+     fi
+
+   - printf "which \$CC  = "; which $CC;
+     printf "which \$CXX = "; which $CXX
+
 script:
   # Compiler
   - if [ $MPI == "YES" ]; then
@@ -384,6 +446,9 @@ script:
     if [ "$CODECOV" == "YES" ]; then
        CPPFLAGS="--coverage -g";
     fi;
+     if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" != "linux" ] || [ "$DEBUG" == "YES" ]; then
+        CPPFLAGS+=" -pedantic -Wall -Werror";
+     fi

   # Configure the library
   - make config MFEM_USE_MPI=$MPI MFEM_DEBUG=$DEBUG $MAKE_CXX_FLAG
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ Meshing improvements
  for example the periodic-annulus-sector and periodic-torus-sector files in
  the data directory.

+- Added complete action of the TMOP Integrator to account for the spatial
+  derivatives of discrete and analytic targets.
+
 Performance improvements
 ------------------------
 - Added support for explicit vectorization in the high-performance templated
@@ -41,12 +44,26 @@ Performance improvements
    - x86 (SSE/AVX/AVX2/AVX512),
    - Power8 & Power9 (VSX),
    - BG/Q (QPX).
-  These are now enabled by default, and can be disabled with MFEM_USE_SIMD=NO.
+  These are disabled by default, and can be enabled with MFEM_USE_SIMD=YES.
  See the new file linalg/simd.hpp and the new directory linalg/simd.

 Improved GPU capabilities
 -------------------------
 - Added support for Chebyshev accelerated polynomial smoother on GPU.
+- The TMOP mesh optimization algorithms were extended to GPU:
+   - QualityMetric #1, #2 and #7 are available in 2D, #302, #303 and #321 in 3D
+   - Both AnalyticAdaptTC and DiscreteAdaptTC TargetConstructor are available
+   - Kernels for normalization and limiting have been added
+   - The AdvectorCG now also support AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL
+
+- Optimized AMD/HIP kernel support.
+
+- Added a Full Assembly mode compatible with Device kernel execution. This
+  assembly level builds on top of the current Element Assembly kernels to
+  compute a global sparse matrix. All integrators supported by element assembly
+  are also supported by full assembly. See the '-fa' option in Example 9.
+
+- Added support for BlockOperator on GPU. See the updated Example 5.

 Discretization improvements
 ---------------------------
@@ -71,7 +88,7 @@ Discretization improvements
  and, in the continuous field case, arbitrary mesh edges and faces.

 - Added new coefficient and vector coefficient classes for QuadratureFunctions.
-  Additionaly, new LinearForm integrators were also added which make use of
+  Additionally, new LinearForm integrators were also added which make use of
  these new QuadratureFunction coefficient classes.

 - Added support face integrals on the boundaries of NURBS meshes.
@@ -88,6 +105,10 @@ Linear and nonlinear solvers
  and solution during the solving process of an IterativeSolver after every
  iteration.

+- Added support for the CVODES package in SUNDIALS which provides ODE
+  solvers with sensitivity analysis capabilities. See the CVODESSolver
+  class and the new adjoint miniapps below.
+
 - Block arrays of parallel matrices can now be merged into a single parallel
  matrix with the function HypreParMatrixFromBlocks. This could be useful for
  solving block systems with parallel direct solvers such as STRUMPACK.
@@ -95,6 +116,8 @@ Linear and nonlinear solvers
 - In SLISolver, changed the residual inner product from (Br,r) to (Br,Br) so the
  solver can work with non-SPD preconditioner B.

+- Added support for the SLEPc eigensolver package.
+
 New and updated examples and miniapps
 -------------------------------------
 - Added a new example, Example 25/25p, to demonstrate the use of a Perfectly
@@ -113,6 +136,17 @@ New and updated examples and miniapps
  equations of incompressible fluid dynamics. See the miniapps/navier directory
  for more details.

+- Added a new miniapps/adjoint directory with two miniapps demonstrating how to
+  solve adjoint problems in MFEM using the CVODES package in SUNDIALS. Both of
+  these miniapps require the MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS configuration option.
+  * The cvsRoberts_ASAi_dns miniapp solves a backward adjoint problem for a
+    system of ODEs, evaluating both forward and adjoint quadratures in serial.
+  * The adjoint_advection_diffusion miniapp solves a backward adjoint problem
+    for an advection diffusion PDE, evaluating adjoint quadratures in parallel.
+
+- Ported Example 11p to SLEPc, to demonstrate solving the Laplace eigenvalue
+  equation with the shift-and-invert spectral transformation method.
+
 - Added a simple meshing miniapp, Twist, which demonstrates MFEM's strategy of
  stitching together opposite surfaces of a mesh to create a topologically
  periodic mesh.
@@ -120,11 +154,13 @@ New and updated examples and miniapps
 - Added a new meshing miniapp, Minimal Surface, which solves Plateau's problem:
  the Dirichlet problem for the minimal surface equation.

- Added partial assembly support to examples 4/4p and 5/5p, with diagonal
+- Added partial assembly support to Example 4/4p and Example 5/5p, with diagonal
  preconditioning.

- Added a new test problem in example 24/24p, demonstrating a mixed bilinear
-  form for H(div) and L_2, with partial assembly support.
+- Added full assembly support in Example 9/9p.
+
+- Added a new test problem in Example 24/24p, demonstrating a mixed bilinear
+  form for H1, H(curl), H(div) and L_2, with partial assembly support.

 - Added weak Dirichlet boundary conditions (Nitsche) to the NURBS miniapp.

@@ -132,6 +168,8 @@ New and updated examples and miniapps
  mesh based on element attributes. Any newly exposed boundary elements are
  assigned attribute numbers related to the trimmed element attributes.

+- Added device support in Example 5/5p.
+
 Improved testing
 ----------------
 - Added a GitLab pipeline that automates PR testing on supercomputing systems
@@ -149,9 +149,13 @@ if (MFEM_USE_MPI)
      message(FATAL_ERROR "PETSc version >= 3.8.0 is required")
    endif()
    set(PETSC_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PETSC_INCLUDES})
+    if (MFEM_USE_SLEPC)
+      find_package(SLEPc REQUIRED config)
+      message(STATUS "Found SLEPc version ${SLEPC_VERSION}")
+    endif()
  endif()
 else()
-  set(PKGS_NEED_MPI SUPERLU PETSC STRUMPACK PUMI)
+  set(PKGS_NEED_MPI SUPERLU PETSC SLEPC STRUMPACK PUMI)
  foreach(PKG IN LISTS PKGS_NEED_MPI)
    if (MFEM_USE_${PKG})
      message(STATUS "Disabling package ${PKG} - requires MPI")
@@ -207,10 +211,10 @@ endif()
 # SUNDIALS
 if (MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS)
  if (NOT MFEM_USE_MPI)
-    find_package(SUNDIALS REQUIRED NVector_Serial CVODE ARKODE KINSOL)
+    find_package(SUNDIALS REQUIRED NVector_Serial CVODES ARKODE KINSOL)
  else()
    find_package(SUNDIALS REQUIRED
-      NVector_Serial NVector_Parallel NVector_ParHyp CVODE ARKODE KINSOL)
+      NVector_Serial NVector_Parallel NVector_ParHyp CVODES ARKODE KINSOL)
  endif()
 endif()

@@ -352,7 +356,7 @@ endif()
 #    integers, the METIS header (with 32-bit indices, as used by mfem) needs to
 #    be before SuiteSparse.
 set(MFEM_TPLS MPI_CXX OPENMP BLAS LAPACK METIS HYPRE SuiteSparse SUNDIALS PETSC
-    MESQUITE SuperLUDist STRUMPACK AXOM CONDUIT Ginkgo GNUTLS GSLIB NETCDF
+    SLEPC MESQUITE SuperLUDist STRUMPACK AXOM CONDUIT Ginkgo GNUTLS GSLIB NETCDF
    MPFR PUMI HIOP POSIXCLOCKS MFEMBacktrace ZLIB OCCA CEED RAJA UMPIRE ADIOS2)
 # Add all *_FOUND libraries in the variable TPL_LIBRARIES.
 set(TPL_LIBRARIES "")
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ The MFEM source code has the following structure:
  ├── linalg
  ├── mesh
  ├── miniapps
+  │   ├── adjoint
  │   ├── common
  │   ├── electromagnetics
  │   ├── gslib
@@ -383,6 +383,10 @@ MFEM_USE_PETSC = YES/NO
   and other features based on the PETSc package. When enabled, this option uses
   the PETSC_* library options, see below.

+MFEM_USE_SLEPC = YES/NO
+   Enable MFEM eigensolvers based on the SLEPc package. When enabled, this
+   option uses the SLEPC_* library options, see below.
+
 MFEM_USE_MPFR = YES/NO
   MPFR is a library for multiple-precision floating-point computations. This
   option enables the use of MPFR in MFEM, e.g. for precise computation of 1D
@@ -597,6 +601,12 @@ The specific libraries and their options are:
  Options: PETSC_OPT, PETSC_LIB.
  Versions: PETSc >= 3.8.0.

+- SLEPc (optional), used when MFEM_USE_SLEPC = YES. SLEPc depends on PETSc and
+  uses some of the PETSc options when compiled.
+  URL: https://slepc.upv.es/
+  Options: SLEPC_OPT, SLEPC_LIB.
+  Versions: SLEPc >= 3.8.0.
+
 - Sidre (optional), part of LLNL's axom project, used when MFEM_USE_SIDRE = YES.
  Starting with MFEM v4.1, Axom version 0.3.1 or later is required.
  URL: https://github.com/LLNL/axom
@@ -649,12 +659,11 @@ The specific libraries and their options are:
  Options: OCCA_DIR, OCCA_OPT, OCCA_LIB.
  Versions: OCCA >= 1.0.9.

- libCEED (optional), used when MFEM_USE_CEED = YES. Requires libCEED v0.6
-  or later version, specifically, git-hash 3d05795 or later.
+- libCEED (optional), used when MFEM_USE_CEED = YES.
  URL: https://github.com/CEED/libCEED
       https://ceed.exascaleproject.org/libceed
  Options: CEED_DIR, CEED_OPT, CEED_LIB.
-  Versions: libCEED >= 0.6.
+  Versions: libCEED >= 0.6, git-hash a970f63.

 - RAJA (optional), used when MFEM_USE_RAJA = YES.
  Beginning with MFEM v4.1, only RAJA v0.10.0+ is supported.
@@ -244,6 +244,10 @@ IF (DEFINED TPL_ENABLE_PETSC)
  SET(MFEM_USE_PETSC ${TPL_ENABLE_PETSC} CACHE BOOL "Enable PETSc support." FORCE)
 ENDIF()

+IF (DEFINED TPL_ENABLE_SLEPC)
+  SET(MFEM_USE_SLEPC ${TPL_ENABLE_SLEPC} CACHE BOOL "Enable SLEPc support." FORCE)
+ENDIF()
+
 IF (DEFINED TPL_ENABLE_MPFR)
  SET(MFEM_USE_MPFR ${TPL_ENABLE_MPFR} CACHE BOOL "Enable MPFR usage." FORCE)
 ENDIF()
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ set(MFEM_USE_GNUTLS @MFEM_USE_GNUTLS@)
 set(MFEM_USE_GSLIB @MFEM_USE_GSLIB@)
 set(MFEM_USE_NETCDF @MFEM_USE_NETCDF@)
 set(MFEM_USE_PETSC @MFEM_USE_PETSC@)
+set(MFEM_USE_SLEPC @MFEM_USE_SLEPC@)
 set(MFEM_USE_MPFR @MFEM_USE_MPFR@)
 set(MFEM_USE_SIDRE @MFEM_USE_SIDRE@)
 set(MFEM_USE_CONDUIT @MFEM_USE_CONDUIT@)
@@ -104,6 +104,9 @@
 // Enable MFEM functionality based on the PETSc library
 #cmakedefine MFEM_USE_PETSC

+// Enable MFEM functionality based on the SLEPc library
+#cmakedefine MFEM_USE_SLEPC
+
 // Enable MFEM functionality based on the Sidre library
 #cmakedefine MFEM_USE_SIDRE

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2020, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
+# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
+# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
+#
+# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
+# availability visit https://mfem.org.
+#
+# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
+# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
+
+# Sets the following variables:
+#   - SLEPC_FOUND
+#   - SLEPC_INCLUDE_DIRS
+#   - SLEPC_LIBRARIES
+
+set(SLEPc_REQUIRED_PACKAGES "PETSC" CACHE STRING
+  "Additional packages required by SLEPc")
+
+include(MfemCmakeUtilities)
+mfem_find_package(SLEPc SLEPC SLEPC_DIR
+  "include" "slepceps.h"
+  "${PETSC_ARCH}/lib" "slepc" # add NAMES_PER_DIR?
+  "Paths to headers required by SLEPc."
+  "Libraries required by SLEPc."
+  ADD_COMPONENT "config" "${PETSC_ARCH}/include" "slepcconf.h" "" ""
+  CHECK_BUILD SLEPC_VERSION_OK TRUE
+"
+#include \"petsc.h\"
+#include \"slepceps.h\"
+int main()
+{
+  PetscErrorCode ierr;
+  int argc = 0;
+  char** argv = NULL;
+  ierr = SlepcInitialize(&argc, &argv, PETSC_NULL, PETSC_NULL);
+  EPS eps;
+  ierr = EPSCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &eps); CHKERRQ(ierr);
+  ierr = EPSDestroy(&eps); CHKERRQ(ierr);
+  ierr = SlepcFinalize(); CHKERRQ(ierr);
+  return 0;
+}
+"
+  )
@@ -25,5 +25,6 @@ mfem_find_package(SUNDIALS SUNDIALS SUNDIALS_DIR
  ADD_COMPONENT NVector_ParHyp
    "include" nvector/nvector_parhyp.h "lib" sundials_nvecparhyp
  ADD_COMPONENT CVODE "include" cvode/cvode.h "lib" sundials_cvode
+  ADD_COMPONENT CVODES "include" cvodes/cvodes.h "lib" sundials_cvodes
  ADD_COMPONENT ARKODE "include" arkode/arkode.h "lib" sundials_arkode
  ADD_COMPONENT KINSOL "include" kinsol/kinsol.h "lib" sundials_kinsol)
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ function(mfem_export_mk_files)
      MFEM_USE_LAPACK MFEM_THREAD_SAFE MFEM_USE_OPENMP MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP
      MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS MFEM_USE_MESQUITE MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE
      MFEM_USE_SUPERLU MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK MFEM_USE_GNUTLS
-      MFEM_USE_GSLIB MFEM_USE_NETCDF MFEM_USE_PETSC MFEM_USE_MPFR MFEM_USE_SIDRE
+      MFEM_USE_GSLIB MFEM_USE_NETCDF MFEM_USE_PETSC MFEM_USE_SLEPC MFEM_USE_MPFR MFEM_USE_SIDRE
      MFEM_USE_CONDUIT MFEM_USE_PUMI MFEM_USE_CUDA MFEM_USE_OCCA MFEM_USE_RAJA
      MFEM_USE_UMPIRE MFEM_USE_SIMD MFEM_USE_ADIOS2)
  foreach(var ${CONFIG_MK_BOOL_VARS})
@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_PETSC
 #error Building with PETSc (MFEM_USE_PETSC=YES) requires MPI (MFEM_USE_MPI=YES)
 #endif
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_SLEPC
+#error Building with SLEPc (MFEM_USE_SLEPC=YES) requires MPI (MFEM_USE_MPI=YES)
+#endif
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_PUMI
 #error Building with PUMI (MFEM_USE_PUMI=YES) requires MPI (MFEM_USE_MPI=YES)
 #endif
@@ -118,6 +118,9 @@
 // Enable functionality based on the PETSc library
 // #define MFEM_USE_PETSC

+// Enable functionality based on the SLEPc library
+// #define MFEM_USE_SLEPC
+
 // Enable functionality based on the MPFR library.
 // #define MFEM_USE_MPFR

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ MFEM_USE_GINKGO        = @MFEM_USE_GINKGO@
 MFEM_USE_GNUTLS        = @MFEM_USE_GNUTLS@
 MFEM_USE_NETCDF        = @MFEM_USE_NETCDF@
 MFEM_USE_PETSC         = @MFEM_USE_PETSC@
+MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = @MFEM_USE_SLEPC@
 MFEM_USE_MPFR          = @MFEM_USE_MPFR@
 MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = @MFEM_USE_SIDRE@
 MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = @MFEM_USE_CONDUIT@
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ option(MFEM_USE_GNUTLS "Enable GNUTLS usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_GSLIB "Enable GSLIB usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_NETCDF "Enable NETCDF usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_PETSC "Enable PETSc support." OFF)
+option(MFEM_USE_SLEPC "Enable SLEPc support." OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_MPFR "Enable MPFR usage." OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_SIDRE "Enable Axom/Sidre usage" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_CONDUIT "Enable Conduit usage" OFF)
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ option(MFEM_USE_OCCA "Enable OCCA" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_RAJA "Enable RAJA" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_CEED "Enable CEED" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_UMPIRE "Enable Umpire" OFF)
-option(MFEM_USE_SIMD "Enable use of SIMD intrinsics" ON)
+option(MFEM_USE_SIMD "Enable use of SIMD intrinsics" OFF)
 option(MFEM_USE_ADIOS2 "Enable ADIOS2" OFF)

 set(MFEM_MPI_NP 4 CACHE STRING "Number of processes used for MPI tests")
@@ -87,6 +88,8 @@ set(METIS_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../metis-4.0" CACHE PATH "Path to the METIS library."

 set(LIBUNWIND_DIR "" CACHE PATH "Path to Libunwind.")

+# For sundials_nvecparhyp and nvecparallel remember to build with MPI_ENABLED=ON
+# and modify cmake variables for hypre for sundials
 set(SUNDIALS_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../sundials-5.0.0/instdir" CACHE PATH
    "Path to the SUNDIALS library.")
 # The following may be necessary, if SUNDIALS was built with KLU:
@@ -155,6 +158,10 @@ set(PETSC_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../petsc" CACHE PATH
    "Path to the PETSc main directory.")
 set(PETSC_ARCH "arch-linux2-c-debug" CACHE STRING "PETSc build architecture.")

+set(SLEPC_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../slepc" CACHE PATH
+    "Path to the SLEPc main directory.")
+set(SLEPC_ARCH "arch-linux2-c-debug" CACHE STRING "SLEPC build architecture.")
+
 set(MPFR_DIR "" CACHE PATH "Path to the MPFR library.")

 set(CONDUIT_DIR "${MFEM_DIR}/../conduit" CACHE PATH
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ MFEM_USE_GINKGO        = NO
 MFEM_USE_GNUTLS        = NO
 MFEM_USE_NETCDF        = NO
 MFEM_USE_PETSC         = NO
+MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = NO
 MFEM_USE_MPFR          = NO
 MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = NO
 MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = NO
@@ -137,7 +138,8 @@ MFEM_USE_RAJA          = NO
 MFEM_USE_OCCA          = NO
 MFEM_USE_CEED          = NO
 MFEM_USE_UMPIRE        = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIMD          = YES
+MFEM_USE_CAMP          = NO
+MFEM_USE_SIMD          = NO
 MFEM_USE_ADIOS2        = NO

 # Compile and link options for zlib.
@@ -188,10 +190,12 @@ OPENMP_LIB =
 POSIX_CLOCKS_LIB = -lrt

 # SUNDIALS library configuration
+# For sundials_nvecparhyp and nvecparallel remember to build with MPI_ENABLED=ON
+# and modify cmake variables for hypre for sundials
 SUNDIALS_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../sundials-5.0.0/instdir
 SUNDIALS_OPT = -I$(SUNDIALS_DIR)/include
 SUNDIALS_LIB = -Wl,-rpath,$(SUNDIALS_DIR)/lib64 -L$(SUNDIALS_DIR)/lib64\
- -lsundials_arkode -lsundials_cvode -lsundials_nvecserial -lsundials_kinsol
+ -lsundials_arkode -lsundials_cvodes -lsundials_nvecserial -lsundials_kinsol

 ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),YES)
   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nvecparhyp -lsundials_nvecparallel
@@ -276,6 +280,20 @@ ifeq ($(PETSC_FOUND),YES)
      -L$(abspath $(PETSC_DIR))/lib -lpetsc $(PETSC_LIB)
 endif

+SLEPC_DIR := $(MFEM_DIR)/../slepc
+SLEPC_VARS := $(SLEPC_DIR)/lib/slepc/conf/slepc_variables
+SLEPC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(SLEPC_VARS)),YES,)
+SLEPC_INC_VAR = SLEPC_INCLUDE
+SLEPC_LIB_VAR = SLEPC_EXTERNAL_LIB
+ifeq ($(SLEPC_FOUND),YES)
+   SLEPC_OPT := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_INC_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
+   # Some additional external libraries might be defined in this file
+   -include ${SLEPC_DIR}/${PETSC_ARCH}/lib/slepc/conf/slepcvariables
+   SLEPC_LIB := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_LIB_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
+   SLEPC_LIB := -Wl,-rpath,$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib\
+      -L$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib -lslepc $(SLEPC_LIB)
+endif
+
 # MPFR library configuration
 MPFR_OPT =
 MPFR_LIB = -lmpfr
@@ -324,9 +342,9 @@ GSLIB_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../gslib/build
 GSLIB_OPT = -I$(GSLIB_DIR)/include
 GSLIB_LIB = -L$(GSLIB_DIR)/lib -lgs

-# CUDA library configuration (currently not needed)
+# CUDA library configuration
 CUDA_OPT =
-CUDA_LIB =
+CUDA_LIB = -lcusparse

 # HIP library configuration (currently not needed)
 HIP_OPT =
@@ -355,6 +373,11 @@ UMPIRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../umpire
 UMPIRE_OPT = -I$(UMPIRE_DIR)/include
 UMPIRE_LIB = -L$(UMPIRE_DIR)/lib -lumpire

+# CAMP library configuration
+CAMP_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../camp
+CAMP_OPT = -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include
+CAMP_LIB = -L$(CAMP_DIR)/lib
+
 # If YES, enable some informational messages
 VERBOSE = NO

@@ -770,6 +770,7 @@ INPUT                  = @MFEM_SOURCE_DIR@/doc/CodeDocumentation.dox \
                         @MFEM_SOURCE_DIR@/examples/pumi \
                         @MFEM_SOURCE_DIR@/examples/hiop \
                         @MFEM_SOURCE_DIR@/examples/sundials \
+                         @MFEM_SOURCE_DIR@/miniapps/adjoint \			 
                         @MFEM_SOURCE_DIR@/miniapps/common \
                         @MFEM_SOURCE_DIR@/miniapps/electromagnetics \
                         @MFEM_SOURCE_DIR@/miniapps/gslib \
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ namespace mfem {
 * - <a class="el" href="ex24p_8cpp_source.html">Example 24p</a>: parallel mixed finite element spaces and interpolators
 * - <a class="el" href="ex25_8cpp_source.html">Example 25</a>: simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation using a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML)
 * - <a class="el" href="ex25p_8cpp_source.html">Example 25p</a>: parallel simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation using a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML)
- * - <a class="el" href="ex26_8cpp_source.html">Example 26</a>: multigrid preconditioner for the Laplace problem using nodal H1 FEM 
- * - <a class="el" href="ex26p_8cpp_source.html">Example 26p</a>: parallel multigrid preconditioner for the Laplace problem using nodal H1 FEM 
+ * - <a class="el" href="ex26_8cpp_source.html">Example 26</a>: multigrid preconditioner for the Laplace problem using nodal H1 FEM
+ * - <a class="el" href="ex26p_8cpp_source.html">Example 26p</a>: parallel multigrid preconditioner for the Laplace problem using nodal H1 FEM
 *
 * <H4>SUNDIALS Examples</H4>
 * - Variants of Examples
@@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ namespace mfem {
 *   and
 *   <a class="el" href="sundials_2ex16p_8cpp_source.html">16p</a>
 *   demonstrating the use of MFEM's \link sundials.hpp SUNDIALS classes\endlink
+ * - CVODES adjoint examples:
+ *   <a class="el" href="cvsRoberts__ASAi__dns_8cpp_source.html">serial ODE system</a>,
+ *   <a class="el" href="adjoint__advection__diffusion_8cpp_source.html">parallel advection-diffusion</a>
 *
 * <H4>PETSc Examples</H4>
 * - Variants of Examples
@@ -140,7 +143,9 @@ namespace mfem {
 * - <a class="el" href="tesla_8cpp_source.html">Tesla</a>: simple magnetostatics simulation code
 * - <a class="el" href="maxwell_8cpp_source.html">Maxwell</a>: simple transient full-wave electromagnetics simulation code
 * - <a class="el" href="joule_8cpp_source.html">Joule</a>: transient magnetics and Joule heating miniapp
- * - <a class="el" href="mobius-strip_8cpp_source.html">Mobius Strip</a>: generate various Mobius strip-like meshes
+ * - <a class="el" href="classmfem_1_1navier_1_1NavierSolver.html">Navier</a>: solve the transient incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
+
+* - <a class="el" href="mobius-strip_8cpp_source.html">Mobius Strip</a>: generate various Mobius strip-like meshes
 * - <a class="el" href="klein-bottle_8cpp_source.html">Klein Bottle</a>: generate three types of Klein bottle surfaces
 * - <a class="el" href="toroid_8cpp_source.html">Toroid</a>: generate simple toroidal meshes
 * - <a class="el" href="twist_8cpp_source.html">Twist</a>: generate simple periodic meshes
@@ -157,7 +162,6 @@ namespace mfem {
 * - <a class="el" href="lor-transfer_8cpp_source.html">LOR Transfer</a>: map functions between high-order and low-order refined spaces
 * - <a class="el" href="findpts_8cpp_source.html">Find Points</a>: evaluate grid function in physical space, <a class="el" href="findpts_8cpp_source.html">serial</a> and <a class="el" href="pfindpts_8cpp_source.html">parallel</a> versions
 * - <a class="el" href="field-diff_8cpp_source.html">Field Diff</a>: compare grid functions on different meshes
- * - <a class="el" href="classmfem_1_1navier_1_1NavierSolver.html">Navier</a>: solve the transient incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
 * - <a class="el" href="miniapps_2performance_2ex1_8cpp_source.html">HPC Example 1</a>: high-performance nodal H1 FEM for the Laplace problem
 * - <a class="el" href="miniapps_2performance_2ex1p_8cpp_source.html">HPC Example 1p</a>: high-performance parallel nodal H1 FEM for the Laplace problem
 *
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ foreach(SRC_FILE ${ALL_EXE_SRCS})
    add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME}_ser
      COMMAND ${TEST_NAME} ${THIS_TEST_OPTIONS})
  else()
-    add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME}_np=4
+    add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME}_np=${MFEM_MPI_NP}
      COMMAND ${MPIEXEC} ${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG} ${MFEM_MPI_NP}
      ${MPIEXEC_PREFLAGS}
      $<TARGET_FILE:${TEST_NAME}> ${THIS_TEST_OPTIONS}
@@ -101,13 +101,22 @@ endforeach()

 # If STRUMPACK is enabled, add a test run that uses it.
 if (MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)
-  add_test(NAME ex11p_strumpack_np=4
+  add_test(NAME ex11p_strumpack_np=${MFEM_MPI_NP}
    COMMAND ${MPIEXEC} ${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG} ${MFEM_MPI_NP}
    ${MPIEXEC_PREFLAGS}
    $<TARGET_FILE:ex11p> "-no-vis" "--strumpack"
    ${MPIEXEC_POSTFLAGS})
 endif()

+# If SuperLU_DIST is enabled, add a test run that uses it.
+if (MFEM_USE_SUPERLU)
+  add_test(NAME ex11p_superlu_np=${MFEM_MPI_NP}
+    COMMAND ${MPIEXEC} ${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG} ${MFEM_MPI_NP}
+    ${MPIEXEC_PREFLAGS}
+    $<TARGET_FILE:ex11p> "-no-vis" "--superlu"
+    ${MPIEXEC_POSTFLAGS})
+endif()
+
 # Include the examples/sundials directory if SUNDIALS is enabled.
 if (MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS)
  add_subdirectory(sundials)
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@
 //               ex1 -pa -d raja-omp
 //               ex1 -pa -d occa-omp
 //               ex1 -pa -d ceed-cpu
-//               ex1 -pa -d ceed-cuda
+//             * ex1 -pa -d ceed-cuda
+//               ex1 -pa -d ceed-cuda:/gpu/cuda/shared
 //               ex1 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -pa -d cuda
 //               ex1 -m ../data/beam-tet.mesh -pa -d ceed-cpu
 //               ex1 -m ../data/beam-tet.mesh -pa -d ceed-cuda:/gpu/cuda/ref
@@ -102,8 +103,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   // 3. Read the mesh from the given mesh file. We can handle triangular,
   //    quadrilateral, tetrahedral, hexahedral, surface and volume meshes with
   //    the same code.
-   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
-   int dim = mesh->Dimension();
+   Mesh mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
+   int dim = mesh.Dimension();

   // 4. Refine the mesh to increase the resolution. In this example we do
   //    'ref_levels' of uniform refinement. We choose 'ref_levels' to be the
@@ -111,10 +112,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //    elements.
   {
      int ref_levels =
-         (int)floor(log(50000./mesh->GetNE())/log(2.)/dim);
+         (int)floor(log(50000./mesh.GetNE())/log(2.)/dim);
      for (int l = 0; l < ref_levels; l++)
      {
-         mesh->UniformRefinement();
+         mesh.UniformRefinement();
      }
   }

@@ -122,66 +123,70 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //    Lagrange finite elements of the specified order. If order < 1, we
   //    instead use an isoparametric/isogeometric space.
   FiniteElementCollection *fec;
+   bool delete_fec;
   if (order > 0)
   {
      fec = new H1_FECollection(order, dim);
+      delete_fec = true;
   }
-   else if (mesh->GetNodes())
+   else if (mesh.GetNodes())
   {
-      fec = mesh->GetNodes()->OwnFEC();
+      fec = mesh.GetNodes()->OwnFEC();
+      delete_fec = false;
      cout << "Using isoparametric FEs: " << fec->Name() << endl;
   }
   else
   {
      fec = new H1_FECollection(order = 1, dim);
+      delete_fec = true;
   }
-   FiniteElementSpace *fespace = new FiniteElementSpace(mesh, fec);
+   FiniteElementSpace fespace(&mesh, fec);
   cout << "Number of finite element unknowns: "
-        << fespace->GetTrueVSize() << endl;
+        << fespace.GetTrueVSize() << endl;

   // 6. Determine the list of true (i.e. conforming) essential boundary dofs.
   //    In this example, the boundary conditions are defined by marking all
   //    the boundary attributes from the mesh as essential (Dirichlet) and
   //    converting them to a list of true dofs.
   Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
-   if (mesh->bdr_attributes.Size())
+   if (mesh.bdr_attributes.Size())
   {
-      Array<int> ess_bdr(mesh->bdr_attributes.Max());
+      Array<int> ess_bdr(mesh.bdr_attributes.Max());
      ess_bdr = 1;
-      fespace->GetEssentialTrueDofs(ess_bdr, ess_tdof_list);
+      fespace.GetEssentialTrueDofs(ess_bdr, ess_tdof_list);
   }

   // 7. Set up the linear form b(.) which corresponds to the right-hand side of
   //    the FEM linear system, which in this case is (1,phi_i) where phi_i are
   //    the basis functions in the finite element fespace.
-   LinearForm *b = new LinearForm(fespace);
+   LinearForm b(&fespace);
   ConstantCoefficient one(1.0);
-   b->AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(one));
-   b->Assemble();
+   b.AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(one));
+   b.Assemble();

   // 8. Define the solution vector x as a finite element grid function
   //    corresponding to fespace. Initialize x with initial guess of zero,
   //    which satisfies the boundary conditions.
-   GridFunction x(fespace);
+   GridFunction x(&fespace);
   x = 0.0;

   // 9. Set up the bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
   //    corresponding to the Laplacian operator -Delta, by adding the Diffusion
   //    domain integrator.
-   BilinearForm *a = new BilinearForm(fespace);
-   if (pa) { a->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
-   a->AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));
+   BilinearForm a(&fespace);
+   if (pa) { a.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
+   a.AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));

   // 10. Assemble the bilinear form and the corresponding linear system,
   //     applying any necessary transformations such as: eliminating boundary
   //     conditions, applying conforming constraints for non-conforming AMR,
   //     static condensation, etc.
-   if (static_cond) { a->EnableStaticCondensation(); }
-   a->Assemble();
+   if (static_cond) { a.EnableStaticCondensation(); }
+   a.Assemble();

   OperatorPtr A;
   Vector B, X;
-   a->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, *b, A, X, B);
+   a.FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, b, A, X, B);

   cout << "Size of linear system: " << A->Height() << endl;

@@ -202,9 +207,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
   else // Jacobi preconditioning in partial assembly mode
   {
-      if (UsesTensorBasis(*fespace))
+      if (UsesTensorBasis(fespace))
      {
-         OperatorJacobiSmoother M(*a, ess_tdof_list);
+         OperatorJacobiSmoother M(a, ess_tdof_list);
         PCG(*A, M, B, X, 1, 400, 1e-12, 0.0);
      }
      else
@@ -214,13 +219,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }

   // 12. Recover the solution as a finite element grid function.
-   a->RecoverFEMSolution(X, *b, x);
+   a.RecoverFEMSolution(X, b, x);

   // 13. Save the refined mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed later
   //     using GLVis: "glvis -m refined.mesh -g sol.gf".
   ofstream mesh_ofs("refined.mesh");
   mesh_ofs.precision(8);
-   mesh->Print(mesh_ofs);
+   mesh.Print(mesh_ofs);
   ofstream sol_ofs("sol.gf");
   sol_ofs.precision(8);
   x.Save(sol_ofs);
@@ -232,15 +237,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      int  visport   = 19916;
      socketstream sol_sock(vishost, visport);
      sol_sock.precision(8);
-      sol_sock << "solution\n" << *mesh << x << flush;
+      sol_sock << "solution\n" << mesh << x << flush;
   }

   // 15. Free the used memory.
-   delete a;
-   delete b;
-   delete fespace;
-   if (order > 0) { delete fec; }
-   delete mesh;
+   if (delete_fec)
+   {
+      delete fec;
+   }

   return 0;
 }
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex1p -pa -d occa-cuda
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex1p -pa -d raja-omp
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex1p -pa -d ceed-cpu
-//               mpirun -np 4 ex1p -pa -d ceed-cuda
+//             * mpirun -np 4 ex1p -pa -d ceed-cuda
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex1p -pa -d ceed-cuda:/gpu/cuda/shared
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex1p -m ../data/beam-tet.mesh -pa -d ceed-cpu
 //
 // Description:  This example code demonstrates the use of MFEM to define a
@@ -111,8 +112,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   // 4. Read the (serial) mesh from the given mesh file on all processors.  We
   //    can handle triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral, hexahedral, surface
   //    and volume meshes with the same code.
-   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
-   int dim = mesh->Dimension();
+   Mesh mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
+   int dim = mesh.Dimension();

   // 5. Refine the serial mesh on all processors to increase the resolution. In
   //    this example we do 'ref_levels' of uniform refinement. We choose
@@ -120,23 +121,23 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //    more than 10,000 elements.
   {
      int ref_levels =
-         (int)floor(log(10000./mesh->GetNE())/log(2.)/dim);
+         (int)floor(log(10000./mesh.GetNE())/log(2.)/dim);
      for (int l = 0; l < ref_levels; l++)
      {
-         mesh->UniformRefinement();
+         mesh.UniformRefinement();
      }
   }

   // 6. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
   //    this mesh further in parallel to increase the resolution. Once the
   //    parallel mesh is defined, the serial mesh can be deleted.
-   ParMesh *pmesh = new ParMesh(MPI_COMM_WORLD, *mesh);
-   delete mesh;
+   ParMesh pmesh(MPI_COMM_WORLD, mesh);
+   mesh.Clear();
   {
      int par_ref_levels = 2;
      for (int l = 0; l < par_ref_levels; l++)
      {
-         pmesh->UniformRefinement();
+         pmesh.UniformRefinement();
      }
   }

@@ -144,13 +145,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //    use continuous Lagrange finite elements of the specified order. If
   //    order < 1, we instead use an isoparametric/isogeometric space.
   FiniteElementCollection *fec;
+   bool delete_fec;
   if (order > 0)
   {
      fec = new H1_FECollection(order, dim);
+      delete_fec = true;
   }
-   else if (pmesh->GetNodes())
+   else if (pmesh.GetNodes())
   {
-      fec = pmesh->GetNodes()->OwnFEC();
+      fec = pmesh.GetNodes()->OwnFEC();
+      delete_fec = false;
      if (myid == 0)
      {
         cout << "Using isoparametric FEs: " << fec->Name() << endl;
@@ -159,9 +163,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   else
   {
      fec = new H1_FECollection(order = 1, dim);
+      delete_fec = true;
   }
-   ParFiniteElementSpace *fespace = new ParFiniteElementSpace(pmesh, fec);
-   HYPRE_Int size = fespace->GlobalTrueVSize();
+   ParFiniteElementSpace fespace(&pmesh, fec);
+   HYPRE_Int size = fespace.GlobalTrueVSize();
   if (myid == 0)
   {
      cout << "Number of finite element unknowns: " << size << endl;
@@ -172,44 +177,44 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //    by marking all the boundary attributes from the mesh as essential
   //    (Dirichlet) and converting them to a list of true dofs.
   Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
-   if (pmesh->bdr_attributes.Size())
+   if (pmesh.bdr_attributes.Size())
   {
-      Array<int> ess_bdr(pmesh->bdr_attributes.Max());
+      Array<int> ess_bdr(pmesh.bdr_attributes.Max());
      ess_bdr = 1;
-      fespace->GetEssentialTrueDofs(ess_bdr, ess_tdof_list);
+      fespace.GetEssentialTrueDofs(ess_bdr, ess_tdof_list);
   }

   // 9. Set up the parallel linear form b(.) which corresponds to the
   //    right-hand side of the FEM linear system, which in this case is
   //    (1,phi_i) where phi_i are the basis functions in fespace.
-   ParLinearForm *b = new ParLinearForm(fespace);
+   ParLinearForm b(&fespace);
   ConstantCoefficient one(1.0);
-   b->AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(one));
-   b->Assemble();
+   b.AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(one));
+   b.Assemble();

   // 10. Define the solution vector x as a parallel finite element grid function
   //     corresponding to fespace. Initialize x with initial guess of zero,
   //     which satisfies the boundary conditions.
-   ParGridFunction x(fespace);
+   ParGridFunction x(&fespace);
   x = 0.0;

   // 11. Set up the parallel bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
   //     corresponding to the Laplacian operator -Delta, by adding the Diffusion
   //     domain integrator.
-   ParBilinearForm *a = new ParBilinearForm(fespace);
-   if (pa) { a->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
-   a->AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));
+   ParBilinearForm a(&fespace);
+   if (pa) { a.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
+   a.AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));

   // 12. Assemble the parallel bilinear form and the corresponding linear
   //     system, applying any necessary transformations such as: parallel
   //     assembly, eliminating boundary conditions, applying conforming
   //     constraints for non-conforming AMR, static condensation, etc.
-   if (static_cond) { a->EnableStaticCondensation(); }
-   a->Assemble();
+   if (static_cond) { a.EnableStaticCondensation(); }
+   a.Assemble();

   OperatorPtr A;
   Vector B, X;
-   a->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, *b, A, X, B);
+   a.FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, b, A, X, B);

   // 13. Solve the linear system A X = B.
   //     * With full assembly, use the BoomerAMG preconditioner from hypre.
@@ -217,9 +222,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   Solver *prec = NULL;
   if (pa)
   {
-      if (UsesTensorBasis(*fespace))
+      if (UsesTensorBasis(fespace))
      {
-         prec = new OperatorJacobiSmoother(*a, ess_tdof_list);
+         prec = new OperatorJacobiSmoother(a, ess_tdof_list);
      }
   }
   else
@@ -237,7 +242,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])

   // 14. Recover the parallel grid function corresponding to X. This is the
   //     local finite element solution on each processor.
-   a->RecoverFEMSolution(X, *b, x);
+   a.RecoverFEMSolution(X, b, x);

   // 15. Save the refined mesh and the solution in parallel. This output can
   //     be viewed later using GLVis: "glvis -np <np> -m mesh -g sol".
@@ -248,7 +253,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])

      ofstream mesh_ofs(mesh_name.str().c_str());
      mesh_ofs.precision(8);
-      pmesh->Print(mesh_ofs);
+      pmesh.Print(mesh_ofs);

      ofstream sol_ofs(sol_name.str().c_str());
      sol_ofs.precision(8);
@@ -263,16 +268,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      socketstream sol_sock(vishost, visport);
      sol_sock << "parallel " << num_procs << " " << myid << "\n";
      sol_sock.precision(8);
-      sol_sock << "solution\n" << *pmesh << x << flush;
+      sol_sock << "solution\n" << pmesh << x << flush;
   }

   // 17. Free the used memory.
-   delete a;
-   delete b;
-   delete fespace;
-   if (order > 0) { delete fec; }
-   delete pmesh;
-
+   if (delete_fec)
+   {
+      delete fec;
+   }
   MPI_Finalize();

   return 0;
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@
 //               ex22 -m ../data/inline-hex.mesh -o 2 -p 2
 //               ex22 -m ../data/star.mesh -r 1 -o 2 -sigma 10.0
 //
+// With partial assembly:
+//               ex22 -m ../data/inline-quad.mesh -o 3 -p 1 -pa
+//               ex22 -m ../data/inline-hex.mesh -o 2 -p 2 -pa
+//               ex22 -m ../data/star.mesh -r 1 -o 2 -sigma 10.0 -pa
+//
 // Description:  This example code demonstrates the use of MFEM to define and
 //               solve simple complex-valued linear systems. It implements three
 //               variants of a damped harmonic oscillator:
@@ -76,6 +81,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   bool visualization = 1;
   bool herm_conv = true;
   bool exact_sol = true;
+   bool pa = false;

   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
@@ -106,6 +112,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
                  "--no-visualization",
                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
+   args.AddOption(&pa, "-pa", "--partial-assembly", "-no-pa",
+                  "--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
   args.Parse();
   if (!args.Good())
   {
@@ -282,6 +290,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   ConstantCoefficient negMassCoef(omega_ * omega_ * epsilon_);

   SesquilinearForm *a = new SesquilinearForm(fespace, conv);
+   if (pa) { a->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
   switch (prob)
   {
      case 0:
@@ -318,6 +327,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //         -Grad(a Div) - omega^2 b + omega c
   //
   BilinearForm *pcOp = new BilinearForm(fespace);
+   if (pa) { pcOp->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
+
   switch (prob)
   {
      case 0:
@@ -348,19 +359,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   Vector B, U;

   a->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, u, b, A, U, B);
-   u = 0.0;
-   U = 0.0;

-   OperatorHandle PCOp;
-   pcOp->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, PCOp);
-
-   {
-      ComplexSparseMatrix * Asp =
-         dynamic_cast<ComplexSparseMatrix*>(A.Ptr());
-
-      cout << "Size of linear system: "
-           << 2 * Asp->real().Width() << endl << endl;
-   }
+   cout << "Size of linear system: " << A->Width() << endl << endl;

   // 10. Define and apply a GMRES solver for AU=B with a block diagonal
   //     preconditioner based on the appropriate sparse smoother.
@@ -368,8 +368,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      Array<int> blockOffsets;
      blockOffsets.SetSize(3);
      blockOffsets[0] = 0;
-      blockOffsets[1] = PCOp.Ptr()->Height();
-      blockOffsets[2] = PCOp.Ptr()->Height();
+      blockOffsets[1] = A->Height() / 2;
+      blockOffsets[2] = A->Height() / 2;
      blockOffsets.PartialSum();

      BlockDiagonalPreconditioner BDP(blockOffsets);
@@ -377,22 +377,31 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      Operator * pc_r = NULL;
      Operator * pc_i = NULL;

-      double s = 1.0;
-      switch (prob)
+      if (pa)
      {
-         case 0:
-            pc_r = new DSmoother(*PCOp.As<SparseMatrix>());
-            break;
-         case 1:
-            pc_r = new GSSmoother(*PCOp.As<SparseMatrix>());
-            s = -1.0;
-            break;
-         case 2:
-            pc_r = new DSmoother(*PCOp.As<SparseMatrix>());
-            break;
-
-         default: break; // This should be unreachable
+         pc_r = new OperatorJacobiSmoother(*pcOp, ess_tdof_list);
      }
+      else
+      {
+         OperatorHandle PCOp;
+         pcOp->SetDiagonalPolicy(mfem::Operator::DIAG_ONE);
+         pcOp->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, PCOp);
+         switch (prob)
+         {
+            case 0:
+               pc_r = new DSmoother(*PCOp.As<SparseMatrix>());
+               break;
+            case 1:
+               pc_r = new GSSmoother(*PCOp.As<SparseMatrix>());
+               break;
+            case 2:
+               pc_r = new DSmoother(*PCOp.As<SparseMatrix>());
+               break;
+            default:
+               break; // This should be unreachable
+         }
+      }
+      double s = (prob != 1) ? 1.0 : -1.0;
      pc_i = new ScaledOperator(pc_r,
                                (conv == ComplexOperator::HERMITIAN) ?
                                s:-s);
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex22p -m ../data/inline-hex.mesh -o 2 -p 2
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex22p -m ../data/star.mesh -o 2 -sigma 10.0
 //
+// With partial assembly:
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex22p -m ../data/inline-quad.mesh -o 1 -p 1 -pa
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex22p -m ../data/inline-hex.mesh -o 1 -p 2 -pa
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex22p -m ../data/star.mesh -o 2 -sigma 10.0 -pa
+//
 // Description:  This example code demonstrates the use of MFEM to define and
 //               solve simple complex-valued linear systems. It implements three
 //               variants of a damped harmonic oscillator:
@@ -84,6 +89,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   bool visualization = 1;
   bool herm_conv = true;
   bool exact_sol = true;
+   bool pa = false;

   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
@@ -116,6 +122,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
                  "--no-visualization",
                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
+   args.AddOption(&pa, "-pa", "--partial-assembly", "-no-pa",
+                  "--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
   args.Parse();
   if (!args.Good())
   {
@@ -315,6 +323,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   ConstantCoefficient negMassCoef(omega_ * omega_ * epsilon_);

   ParSesquilinearForm *a = new ParSesquilinearForm(fespace, conv);
+   if (pa) { a->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
   switch (prob)
   {
      case 0:
@@ -351,6 +360,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //         -Grad(a Div) - omega^2 b + omega c
   //
   ParBilinearForm *pcOp = new ParBilinearForm(fespace);
+   if (pa) { pcOp->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
   switch (prob)
   {
      case 0:
@@ -382,19 +392,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   Vector B, U;

   a->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, u, b, A, U, B);
-   u = 0.0;
-   U = 0.0;
-
-   OperatorHandle PCOp;
-   pcOp->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, PCOp);

   if (myid == 0)
   {
-      ComplexHypreParMatrix * Ahyp =
-         dynamic_cast<ComplexHypreParMatrix*>(A.Ptr());
-
      cout << "Size of linear system: "
-           << 2 * Ahyp->real().GetGlobalNumRows() << endl << endl;
+           << 2 * fespace->GlobalTrueVSize() << endl << endl;
   }

   // 12. Define and apply a parallel FGMRES solver for AU=B with a block
@@ -404,8 +406,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      Array<int> blockTrueOffsets;
      blockTrueOffsets.SetSize(3);
      blockTrueOffsets[0] = 0;
-      blockTrueOffsets[1] = PCOp.Ptr()->Height();
-      blockTrueOffsets[2] = PCOp.Ptr()->Height();
+      blockTrueOffsets[1] = A->Height() / 2;
+      blockTrueOffsets[2] = A->Height() / 2;
      blockTrueOffsets.PartialSum();

      BlockDiagonalPreconditioner BDP(blockTrueOffsets);
@@ -413,25 +415,34 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      Operator * pc_r = NULL;
      Operator * pc_i = NULL;

-      switch (prob)
+      if (pa)
      {
-         case 0:
-            pc_r = new HypreBoomerAMG(*PCOp.As<HypreParMatrix>());
-            break;
-         case 1:
-            pc_r = new HypreAMS(*PCOp.As<HypreParMatrix>(), fespace);
-            break;
-         case 2:
-            if (dim == 2 )
-            {
+         pc_r = new OperatorJacobiSmoother(*pcOp, ess_tdof_list);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         OperatorHandle PCOp;
+         pcOp->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, PCOp);
+         switch (prob)
+         {
+            case 0:
+               pc_r = new HypreBoomerAMG(*PCOp.As<HypreParMatrix>());
+               break;
+            case 1:
               pc_r = new HypreAMS(*PCOp.As<HypreParMatrix>(), fespace);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-               pc_r = new HypreADS(*PCOp.As<HypreParMatrix>(), fespace);
-            }
-            break;
-         default: break; // This should be unreachable
+               break;
+            case 2:
+               if (dim == 2 )
+               {
+                  pc_r = new HypreAMS(*PCOp.As<HypreParMatrix>(), fespace);
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                  pc_r = new HypreADS(*PCOp.As<HypreParMatrix>(), fespace);
+               }
+               break;
+            default: break; // This should be unreachable
+         }
      }
      pc_i = new ScaledOperator(pc_r,
                                (conv == ComplexOperator::HERMITIAN) ?
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //               ex24 -m ../data/beam-tet.mesh
 //               ex24 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -o 2 -pa
 //               ex24 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -o 2 -pa -p 1
+//               ex24 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -o 2 -pa -p 2
 //               ex24 -m ../data/escher.mesh
 //               ex24 -m ../data/escher.mesh -o 2
 //               ex24 -m ../data/fichera.mesh
@@ -24,12 +25,13 @@
 //               ex24 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -pa -d cuda
 //
 // Description:  This example code illustrates usage of mixed finite element
-//               spaces, with two variants:
+//               spaces, with three variants:
 //
 //               1) (grad p, u) for p in H^1 tested against u in H(curl)
-//               2) (div v, q) for v in H(div) tested against q in L_2
+//               2) (curl v, u) for v in H(curl) tested against u in H(div), 3D
+//               3) (div v, q) for v in H(div) tested against q in L_2
 //
-//               Using different approaches, we project the gradient or
+//               Using different approaches, we project the gradient, curl, or
 //               divergence to the appropriate space.
 //
 //               We recommend viewing examples 1, 3, and 5 before viewing this
@@ -45,8 +47,11 @@ using namespace mfem;
 double p_exact(const Vector &x);
 void gradp_exact(const Vector &, Vector &);
 double div_gradp_exact(const Vector &x);
+void v_exact(const Vector &x, Vector &v);
+void curlv_exact(const Vector &x, Vector &cv);

 int dim;
+double freq = 1.0, kappa;

 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      return 1;
   }
   args.PrintOptions(cout);
+   kappa = freq * M_PI;

   // 2. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
@@ -119,10 +125,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      trial_fec = new H1_FECollection(order, dim);
      test_fec = new ND_FECollection(order, dim);
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      trial_fec = new ND_FECollection(order, dim);
+      test_fec = new RT_FECollection(order-1, dim);
+   }
   else
   {
-      trial_fec = new RT_FECollection(order - 1, dim);
-      test_fec = new L2_FECollection(order - 1, dim);
+      trial_fec = new RT_FECollection(order-1, dim);
+      test_fec = new L2_FECollection(order-1, dim);
   }

   FiniteElementSpace trial_fes(mesh, trial_fec);
@@ -136,6 +147,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      cout << "Number of Nedelec finite element unknowns: " << test_size << endl;
      cout << "Number of H1 finite element unknowns: " << trial_size << endl;
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      cout << "Number of Nedelec finite element unknowns: " << trial_size << endl;
+      cout << "Number of Raviart-Thomas finite element unknowns: " << test_size <<
+           endl;
+   }
   else
   {
      cout << "Number of Raviart-Thomas finite element unknowns: "
@@ -150,12 +167,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   GridFunction x(&test_fes);
   FunctionCoefficient p_coef(p_exact);
   VectorFunctionCoefficient gradp_coef(sdim, gradp_exact);
+   VectorFunctionCoefficient v_coef(sdim, v_exact);
+   VectorFunctionCoefficient curlv_coef(sdim, curlv_exact);
   FunctionCoefficient divgradp_coef(div_gradp_exact);

   if (prob == 0)
   {
      gftrial.ProjectCoefficient(p_coef);
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      gftrial.ProjectCoefficient(v_coef);
+   }
   else
   {
      gftrial.ProjectCoefficient(gradp_coef);
@@ -179,6 +202,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      a.AddDomainIntegrator(new VectorFEMassIntegrator(one));
      a_mixed.AddDomainIntegrator(new MixedVectorGradientIntegrator(one));
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      a.AddDomainIntegrator(new VectorFEMassIntegrator(one));
+      a_mixed.AddDomainIntegrator(new MixedVectorCurlIntegrator(one));
+   }
   else
   {
      a.AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator(one));
@@ -244,6 +272,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
      dlo.AddDomainInterpolator(new GradientInterpolator());
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      dlo.AddDomainInterpolator(new CurlInterpolator());
+   }
   else
   {
      dlo.AddDomainInterpolator(new DivergenceInterpolator());
@@ -258,6 +290,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
      exact_proj.ProjectCoefficient(gradp_coef);
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      exact_proj.ProjectCoefficient(curlv_coef);
+   }
   else
   {
      exact_proj.ProjectCoefficient(divgradp_coef);
@@ -276,10 +312,23 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      cout << "\n Solution of (E_h,v) = (grad p_h,v) for E_h and v in H(curl): "
           "|| E_h - grad p ||_{L_2} = " << errSol << '\n' << endl;
      cout << " Gradient interpolant E_h = grad p_h in H(curl): || E_h - grad p"
-           "||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
+           " ||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
      cout << " Projection E_h of exact grad p in H(curl): || E_h - grad p "
           "||_{L_2} = " << errProj << '\n' << endl;
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      double errSol = x.ComputeL2Error(curlv_coef);
+      double errInterp = discreteInterpolant.ComputeL2Error(curlv_coef);
+      double errProj = exact_proj.ComputeL2Error(curlv_coef);
+
+      cout << "\n Solution of (E_h,w) = (curl v_h,w) for E_h and w in H(div): "
+           "|| E_h - curl v ||_{L_2} = " << errSol << '\n' << endl;
+      cout << " Curl interpolant E_h = curl v_h in H(div): || E_h - curl v "
+           "||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
+      cout << " Projection E_h of exact curl v in H(div): || E_h - curl v "
+           "||_{L_2} = " << errProj << '\n' << endl;
+   }
   else
   {
      int order_quad = max(2, 2*order+1);
@@ -295,7 +344,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])

      cout << "\n Solution of (f_h,q) = (div v_h,q) for f_h and q in L_2: "
           "|| f_h - div v ||_{L_2} = " << errSol << '\n' << endl;
-      cout << " Divergence interpolant f_h = div v_h in L_2: || f_h - div v"
+      cout << " Divergence interpolant f_h = div v_h in L_2: || f_h - div v "
           "||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
      cout << " Projection f_h of exact div v in L_2: || f_h - div v "
           "||_{L_2} = " << errProj << '\n' << endl;
@@ -371,3 +420,33 @@ double div_gradp_exact(const Vector &x)

   return 0.0;
 }
+
+void v_exact(const Vector &x, Vector &v)
+{
+   if (dim == 3)
+   {
+      v(0) = sin(kappa * x(1));
+      v(1) = sin(kappa * x(2));
+      v(2) = sin(kappa * x(0));
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      v(0) = sin(kappa * x(1));
+      v(1) = sin(kappa * x(0));
+      if (x.Size() == 3) { v(2) = 0.0; }
+   }
+}
+
+void curlv_exact(const Vector &x, Vector &cv)
+{
+   if (dim == 3)
+   {
+      cv(0) = -kappa * cos(kappa * x(2));
+      cv(1) = -kappa * cos(kappa * x(0));
+      cv(2) = -kappa * cos(kappa * x(1));
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      cv = 0.0;
+   }
+}
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/square-disc.mesh -o 2
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/beam-tet.mesh
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -o 2 -pa
-//               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -o 2 -p 1 -pa
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -o 2 -pa -p 1
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -o 2 -pa -p 2
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/escher.mesh
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/escher.mesh -o 2
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/fichera.mesh
@@ -24,12 +25,13 @@
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex24p -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -pa -d cuda
 //
 // Description:  This example code illustrates usage of mixed finite element
-//               spaces, with two variants:
+//               spaces, with three variants:
 //
 //               1) (grad p, u) for p in H^1 tested against u in H(curl)
-//               2) (div v, q) for v in H(div) tested against q in L_2
+//               2) (curl v, u) for v in H(curl) tested against u in H(div), 3D
+//               3) (div v, q) for v in H(div) tested against q in L_2
 //
-//               Using different approaches, we project the gradient or
+//               Using different approaches, we project the gradient, curl, or
 //               divergence to the appropriate space.
 //
 //               We recommend viewing examples 1, 3, and 5 before viewing this
@@ -45,8 +47,11 @@ using namespace mfem;
 double p_exact(const Vector &x);
 void gradp_exact(const Vector &, Vector &);
 double div_gradp_exact(const Vector &x);
+void v_exact(const Vector &x, Vector &v);
+void curlv_exact(const Vector &x, Vector &cv);

 int dim;
+double freq = 1.0, kappa;

 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
@@ -96,6 +101,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
      args.PrintOptions(cout);
   }
+   kappa = freq * M_PI;

   // 3. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
@@ -147,10 +153,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      trial_fec = new H1_FECollection(order, dim);
      test_fec = new ND_FECollection(order, dim);
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      trial_fec = new ND_FECollection(order, dim);
+      test_fec = new RT_FECollection(order-1, dim);
+   }
   else
   {
-      trial_fec = new RT_FECollection(order - 1, dim);
-      test_fec = new L2_FECollection(order - 1, dim);
+      trial_fec = new RT_FECollection(order-1, dim);
+      test_fec = new L2_FECollection(order-1, dim);
   }

   ParFiniteElementSpace trial_fes(pmesh, trial_fec);
@@ -166,6 +177,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         cout << "Number of Nedelec finite element unknowns: " << test_size << endl;
         cout << "Number of H1 finite element unknowns: " << trial_size << endl;
      }
+      else if (prob == 1)
+      {
+         cout << "Number of Nedelec finite element unknowns: " << trial_size << endl;
+         cout << "Number of Raviart-Thomas finite element unknowns: " << test_size <<
+              endl;
+      }
      else
      {
         cout << "Number of Raviart-Thomas finite element unknowns: "
@@ -181,12 +198,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   ParGridFunction x(&test_fes);
   FunctionCoefficient p_coef(p_exact);
   VectorFunctionCoefficient gradp_coef(sdim, gradp_exact);
+   VectorFunctionCoefficient v_coef(sdim, v_exact);
+   VectorFunctionCoefficient curlv_coef(sdim, curlv_exact);
   FunctionCoefficient divgradp_coef(div_gradp_exact);

   if (prob == 0)
   {
      gftrial.ProjectCoefficient(p_coef);
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      gftrial.ProjectCoefficient(v_coef);
+   }
   else
   {
      gftrial.ProjectCoefficient(gradp_coef);
@@ -210,6 +233,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      a.AddDomainIntegrator(new VectorFEMassIntegrator(one));
      a_mixed.AddDomainIntegrator(new MixedVectorGradientIntegrator(one));
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      a.AddDomainIntegrator(new VectorFEMassIntegrator(one));
+      a_mixed.AddDomainIntegrator(new MixedVectorCurlIntegrator(one));
+   }
   else
   {
      a.AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator(one));
@@ -293,6 +321,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
      dlo.AddDomainInterpolator(new GradientInterpolator());
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      dlo.AddDomainInterpolator(new CurlInterpolator());
+   }
   else
   {
      dlo.AddDomainInterpolator(new DivergenceInterpolator());
@@ -307,6 +339,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
      exact_proj.ProjectCoefficient(gradp_coef);
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      exact_proj.ProjectCoefficient(curlv_coef);
+   }
   else
   {
      exact_proj.ProjectCoefficient(divgradp_coef);
@@ -324,14 +360,30 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])

      if (myid == 0)
      {
-         cout << "\n Solution of (E_h,v) = (grad p_h,v) for E_h and v in H(curl): "
-              "|| E_h - grad p ||_{L_2} = " << errSol << '\n' << endl;
-         cout << " Gradient interpolant E_h = grad p_h in H(curl): || E_h - grad p"
-              "||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
+         cout << "\n Solution of (E_h,v) = (grad p_h,v) for E_h and v in H(curl)"
+              ": || E_h - grad p ||_{L_2} = " << errSol << '\n' << endl;
+         cout << " Gradient interpolant E_h = grad p_h in H(curl): || E_h - grad"
+              " p ||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
         cout << " Projection E_h of exact grad p in H(curl): || E_h - grad p "
              "||_{L_2} = " << errProj << '\n' << endl;
      }
   }
+   else if (prob == 1)
+   {
+      double errSol = x.ComputeL2Error(curlv_coef);
+      double errInterp = discreteInterpolant.ComputeL2Error(curlv_coef);
+      double errProj = exact_proj.ComputeL2Error(curlv_coef);
+
+      if (myid == 0)
+      {
+         cout << "\n Solution of (E_h,w) = (curl v_h,w) for E_h and w in "
+              "H(div): || E_h - curl v ||_{L_2} = " << errSol << '\n' << endl;
+         cout << " Curl interpolant E_h = curl v_h in H(div): || E_h - curl v "
+              "||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
+         cout << " Projection E_h of exact curl v in H(div): || E_h - curl v "
+              "||_{L_2} = " << errProj << '\n' << endl;
+      }
+   }
   else
   {
      int order_quad = max(2, 2*order+1);
@@ -350,7 +402,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         cout << "\n Solution of (f_h,q) = (div v_h,q) for f_h and q in L_2: "
              "|| f_h - div v ||_{L_2} = " << errSol << '\n' << endl;
         cout << " Divergence interpolant f_h = div v_h in L_2: || f_h - div v"
-              "||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
+              " ||_{L_2} = " << errInterp << '\n' << endl;
         cout << " Projection f_h of exact div v in L_2: || f_h - div v "
              "||_{L_2} = " << errProj << '\n' << endl;
      }
@@ -436,3 +488,33 @@ double div_gradp_exact(const Vector &x)

   return 0.0;
 }
+
+void v_exact(const Vector &x, Vector &v)
+{
+   if (dim == 3)
+   {
+      v(0) = sin(kappa * x(1));
+      v(1) = sin(kappa * x(2));
+      v(2) = sin(kappa * x(0));
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      v(0) = sin(kappa * x(1));
+      v(1) = sin(kappa * x(0));
+      if (x.Size() == 3) { v(2) = 0.0; }
+   }
+}
+
+void curlv_exact(const Vector &x, Vector &cv)
+{
+   if (dim == 3)
+   {
+      cv(0) = -kappa * cos(kappa * x(2));
+      cv(1) = -kappa * cos(kappa * x(0));
+      cv(2) = -kappa * cos(kappa * x(1));
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      cv = 0.0;
+   }
+}
@@ -389,27 +389,22 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //     applying any necessary transformations such as: assembly, eliminating
   //     boundary conditions, applying conforming constraints for
   //     non-conforming AMR, etc.
-   a.Assemble();
+   a.Assemble(0);

-   OperatorHandle Ah;
+   OperatorPtr A;
   Vector B, X;
-   a.FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, b, Ah, X, B);
+   a.FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, b, A, X, B);

-   // 13. Transform to monolithic SparseMatrix
-   SparseMatrix *A = Ah.As<ComplexSparseMatrix>()->GetSystemMatrix();
-
-   cout << "Size of linear system: " << A->Height() << endl;
-
-   // 14. Solve using a direct or an iterative solver
+   // 13. Solve using a direct or an iterative solver
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE
   {
-      UMFPackSolver  solver(*A);
-      solver.Control[UMFPACK_ORDERING] = UMFPACK_ORDERING_METIS;
-      solver.Mult(B, X);
+      ComplexUMFPackSolver csolver(*A.As<ComplexSparseMatrix>());
+      csolver.Control[UMFPACK_ORDERING] = UMFPACK_ORDERING_METIS;
+      csolver.SetPrintLevel(1);
+      csolver.Mult(B, X);
   }
 #else
-
-   // 14a. Set up the Bilinear form a(.,.) for the preconditioner
+   // 13a. Set up the Bilinear form a(.,.) for the preconditioner
   //
   //    In Comp
   //    Domain:   1/mu (Curl E, Curl F) + omega^2 * epsilon (E,F)
@@ -437,10 +432,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])

      prec.Assemble();

-      OperatorHandle PCOpAh;
+      OperatorPtr PCOpAh;
      prec.FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, PCOpAh);

-      // 14b. Define and apply a GMRES solver for AU=B with a block diagonal
+      // 13b. Define and apply a GMRES solver for AU=B with a block diagonal
      //      preconditioner based on the Gauss-Seidel sparse smoother.
      Array<int> offsets(3);
      offsets[0] = 0;
@@ -467,17 +462,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 #endif

-   // 15. Recover the solution as a finite element grid function and compute the
+   // 14. Recover the solution as a finite element grid function and compute the
   //     errors if the exact solution is known.
   a.RecoverFEMSolution(X, b, x);

   // If exact is known compute the error
   if (exact_known)
   {
-      ComplexGridFunction x_gf(fespace);
      VectorFunctionCoefficient E_ex_Re(dim, E_exact_Re);
      VectorFunctionCoefficient E_ex_Im(dim, E_exact_Im);
-      x_gf.ProjectCoefficient(E_ex_Re, E_ex_Im);
      int order_quad = max(2, 2 * order + 1);
      const IntegrationRule *irs[Geometry::NumGeom];
      for (int i = 0; i < Geometry::NumGeom; ++i)
@@ -506,7 +499,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
           << sqrt(L2Error_Re*L2Error_Re + L2Error_Im*L2Error_Im) << "\n\n";
   }

-   // 16. Save the refined mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed
+   // 15. Save the refined mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed
   //     later using GLVis: "glvis -m mesh -g sol".
   {
      ofstream mesh_ofs("ex25.mesh");
@@ -521,7 +514,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      x.imag().Save(sol_i_ofs);
   }

-   // 17. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
+   // 16. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
   if (visualization)
   {
      // Define visualization keys for GLVis (see GLVis documentation)
@@ -572,8 +565,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      }
   }

-   // 18. Free the used memory.
-   delete A;
+   // 17. Free the used memory.
   delete pml;
   delete fespace;
   delete fec;
@@ -419,21 +419,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   //     constraints for non-conforming AMR, etc.
   a.Assemble();

-   OperatorHandle Ah;
+   OperatorPtr Ah;
   Vector B, X;
   a.FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, b, Ah, X, B);

-   // 15. Transform to monolithic HypreParMatrix
-   HypreParMatrix *A = Ah.As<ComplexHypreParMatrix>()->GetSystemMatrix();
-
-   if (myid == 0)
-   {
-      cout << "Size of linear system: " << A->GetGlobalNumRows() << endl;
-   }
-
-   // 16. Solve using a direct or an iterative solver
+   // 15. Solve using a direct or an iterative solver
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_SUPERLU
   {
+      // Transform to monolithic HypreParMatrix
+      HypreParMatrix *A = Ah.As<ComplexHypreParMatrix>()->GetSystemMatrix();
      SuperLURowLocMatrix SA(*A);
      SuperLUSolver superlu(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
      superlu.SetPrintStatistics(false);
@@ -441,9 +435,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      superlu.SetColumnPermutation(superlu::PARMETIS);
      superlu.SetOperator(SA);
      superlu.Mult(B, X);
+      delete A;
   }
 #else
-
   // 16a. Set up the parallel Bilinear form a(.,.) for the preconditioner
   //
   //    In Comp
@@ -472,7 +466,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])

      prec.Assemble();

-      OperatorHandle PCOpAh;
+      OperatorPtr PCOpAh;
      prec.FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, PCOpAh);

      // 16b. Define and apply a parallel GMRES solver for AU=B with a block
@@ -496,7 +490,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      gmres.SetMaxIter(2000);
      gmres.SetRelTol(1e-5);
      gmres.SetAbsTol(0.0);
-      gmres.SetOperator(*A);
+      gmres.SetOperator(*Ah);
      gmres.SetPreconditioner(BlockAMS);
      gmres.Mult(B, X);
   }
@@ -509,10 +503,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   // If exact is known compute the error
   if (exact_known)
   {
-      ParComplexGridFunction x_gf(fespace);
      VectorFunctionCoefficient E_ex_Re(dim, E_exact_Re);
      VectorFunctionCoefficient E_ex_Im(dim, E_exact_Im);
-      x_gf.ProjectCoefficient(E_ex_Re, E_ex_Im);
      int order_quad = max(2, 2 * order + 1);
      const IntegrationRule *irs[Geometry::NumGeom];
      for (int i = 0; i < Geometry::NumGeom; ++i)
@@ -629,7 +621,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }

   // 20. Free the used memory.
-   delete A;
   delete pml;
   delete fespace;
   delete fec;
@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@
 //               ex5 -m ../data/escher.mesh
 //               ex5 -m ../data/fichera.mesh
 //
+// Device sample runs:
+//               ex5 -m ../data/star.mesh -pa -d cuda
+//               ex5 -m ../data/star.mesh -pa -d raja-cuda
+//               ex5 -m ../data/star.mesh -pa -d raja-omp
+//               ex5 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -pa -d cuda
+//
 // Description:  This example code solves a simple 2D/3D mixed Darcy problem
 //               corresponding to the saddle point system
 //                                 k*u + grad p = f
@@ -50,6 +56,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   const char *mesh_file = "../data/star.mesh";
   int order = 1;
   bool pa = false;
+   const char *device_config = "cpu";
   bool visualization = 1;

   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
@@ -59,6 +66,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                  "Finite element order (polynomial degree).");
   args.AddOption(&pa, "-pa", "--partial-assembly", "-no-pa",
                  "--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
+   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
+                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
                  "--no-visualization",
                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
@@ -70,13 +79,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
   args.PrintOptions(cout);

-   // 2. Read the mesh from the given mesh file. We can handle triangular,
+   // 2. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
+   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
+   Device device(device_config);
+   device.Print();
+
+   // 3. Read the mesh from the given mesh file. We can handle triangular,
   //    quadrilateral, tetrahedral, hexahedral, surface and volume meshes with
   //    the same code.
   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
   int dim = mesh->Dimension();

-   // 3. Refine the mesh to increase the resolution. In this example we do
+   // 4. Refine the mesh to increase the resolution. In this example we do
   //    'ref_levels' of uniform refinement. We choose 'ref_levels' to be the
   //    largest number that gives a final mesh with no more than 10,000
   //    elements.
@@ -89,7 +103,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      }
   }

-   // 4. Define a finite element space on the mesh. Here we use the
+   // 5. Define a finite element space on the mesh. Here we use the
   //    Raviart-Thomas finite elements of the specified order.
   FiniteElementCollection *hdiv_coll(new RT_FECollection(order, dim));
   FiniteElementCollection *l2_coll(new L2_FECollection(order, dim));
@@ -97,7 +111,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   FiniteElementSpace *R_space = new FiniteElementSpace(mesh, hdiv_coll);
   FiniteElementSpace *W_space = new FiniteElementSpace(mesh, l2_coll);

-   // 5. Define the BlockStructure of the problem, i.e. define the array of
+   // 6. Define the BlockStructure of the problem, i.e. define the array of
   //    offsets for each variable. The last component of the Array is the sum
   //    of the dimensions of each block.
   Array<int> block_offsets(3); // number of variables + 1
@@ -112,7 +126,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   std::cout << "dim(R+W) = " << block_offsets.Last() << "\n";
   std::cout << "***********************************************************\n";

-   // 6. Define the coefficients, analytical solution, and rhs of the PDE.
+   // 7. Define the coefficients, analytical solution, and rhs of the PDE.
   ConstantCoefficient k(1.0);

   VectorFunctionCoefficient fcoeff(dim, fFun);
@@ -122,25 +136,28 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   VectorFunctionCoefficient ucoeff(dim, uFun_ex);
   FunctionCoefficient pcoeff(pFun_ex);

-   // 7. Allocate memory (x, rhs) for the analytical solution and the right hand
+   // 8. Allocate memory (x, rhs) for the analytical solution and the right hand
   //    side.  Define the GridFunction u,p for the finite element solution and
   //    linear forms fform and gform for the right hand side.  The data
   //    allocated by x and rhs are passed as a reference to the grid functions
   //    (u,p) and the linear forms (fform, gform).
-   BlockVector x(block_offsets), rhs(block_offsets);
+   MemoryType mt = device.GetMemoryType();
+   BlockVector x(block_offsets, mt), rhs(block_offsets, mt);

   LinearForm *fform(new LinearForm);
   fform->Update(R_space, rhs.GetBlock(0), 0);
   fform->AddDomainIntegrator(new VectorFEDomainLFIntegrator(fcoeff));
   fform->AddBoundaryIntegrator(new VectorFEBoundaryFluxLFIntegrator(fnatcoeff));
   fform->Assemble();
+   fform->SyncAliasMemory(rhs);

   LinearForm *gform(new LinearForm);
   gform->Update(W_space, rhs.GetBlock(1), 0);
   gform->AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(gcoeff));
   gform->Assemble();
+   gform->SyncAliasMemory(rhs);

-   // 8. Assemble the finite element matrices for the Darcy operator
+   // 9. Assemble the finite element matrices for the Darcy operator
   //
   //                            D = [ M  B^T ]
   //                                [ B   0  ]
@@ -185,7 +202,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      darcyOp.SetBlock(1,0, &B);
   }

-   // 9. Construct the operators for preconditioner
+   // 10. Construct the operators for preconditioner
   //
   //                 P = [ diag(M)         0         ]
   //                     [  0       B diag(M)^-1 B^T ]
@@ -202,10 +219,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   if (pa)
   {
      mVarf->AssembleDiagonal(Md);
+      auto Md_host = Md.HostRead();
      Vector invMd(mVarf->Height());
      for (int i=0; i<mVarf->Height(); ++i)
      {
-         invMd(i) = 1.0 / Md(i);
+         invMd(i) = 1.0 / Md_host[i];
      }

      Vector BMBt_diag(bVarf->Height());
@@ -246,7 +264,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   darcyPrec.SetDiagonalBlock(0, invM);
   darcyPrec.SetDiagonalBlock(1, invS);

-   // 10. Solve the linear system with MINRES.
+   // 11. Solve the linear system with MINRES.
   //     Check the norm of the unpreconditioned residual.
   int maxIter(1000);
   double rtol(1.e-6);
@@ -263,6 +281,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   solver.SetPrintLevel(1);
   x = 0.0;
   solver.Mult(rhs, x);
+   if (device.IsEnabled()) { x.HostRead(); }
   chrono.Stop();

   if (solver.GetConverged())
@@ -273,7 +292,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                << " iterations. Residual norm is " << solver.GetFinalNorm() << ".\n";
   std::cout << "MINRES solver took " << chrono.RealTime() << "s. \n";

-   // 11. Create the grid functions u and p. Compute the L2 error norms.
+   // 12. Create the grid functions u and p. Compute the L2 error norms.
   GridFunction u, p;
   u.MakeRef(R_space, x.GetBlock(0), 0);
   p.MakeRef(W_space, x.GetBlock(1), 0);
@@ -293,7 +312,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   std::cout << "|| u_h - u_ex || / || u_ex || = " << err_u / norm_u << "\n";
   std::cout << "|| p_h - p_ex || / || p_ex || = " << err_p / norm_p << "\n";

-   // 12. Save the mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed later using
+   // 13. Save the mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed later using
   //     GLVis: "glvis -m ex5.mesh -g sol_u.gf" or "glvis -m ex5.mesh -g
   //     sol_p.gf".
   {
@@ -310,13 +329,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      p.Save(p_ofs);
   }

-   // 13. Save data in the VisIt format
+   // 14. Save data in the VisIt format
   VisItDataCollection visit_dc("Example5", mesh);
   visit_dc.RegisterField("velocity", &u);
   visit_dc.RegisterField("pressure", &p);
   visit_dc.Save();

-   // 14. Save data in the ParaView format
+   // 15. Save data in the ParaView format
   ParaViewDataCollection paraview_dc("Example5", mesh);
   paraview_dc.SetPrefixPath("ParaView");
   paraview_dc.SetLevelsOfDetail(order);
@@ -328,7 +347,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   paraview_dc.RegisterField("pressure",&p);
   paraview_dc.Save();

-   // 15. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
+   // 16. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
   if (visualization)
   {
      char vishost[] = "localhost";
@@ -341,7 +360,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      p_sock << "solution\n" << *mesh << p << "window_title 'Pressure'" << endl;
   }

-   // 16. Free the used memory.
+   // 17. Free the used memory.
   delete fform;
   delete gform;
   delete invM;
@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex5p -m ../data/escher.mesh
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex5p -m ../data/fichera.mesh
 //
+// Device sample runs:
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex5p -m ../data/star.mesh -r 2 -pa -d cuda
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex5p -m ../data/star.mesh -r 2 -pa -d raja-cuda
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex5p -m ../data/star.mesh -r 2 -pa -d raja-omp
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex5p -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -pa -d cuda
+//
 // Description:  This example code solves a simple 2D/3D mixed Darcy problem
 //               corresponding to the saddle point system
 //                                 k*u + grad p = f
@@ -60,6 +66,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   int order = 1;
   bool par_format = false;
   bool pa = false;
+   const char *device_config = "cpu";
   bool visualization = 1;
   bool adios2 = false;

@@ -75,6 +82,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                  "Format to use when saving the results for VisIt.");
   args.AddOption(&pa, "-pa", "--partial-assembly", "-no-pa",
                  "--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
+   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
+                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
                  "--no-visualization",
                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
@@ -96,13 +105,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      args.PrintOptions(cout);
   }

-   // 3. Read the (serial) mesh from the given mesh file on all processors.  We
+   // 3. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
+   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
+   Device device(device_config);
+   if (myid == 0) { device.Print(); }
+
+   // 4. Read the (serial) mesh from the given mesh file on all processors.  We
   //    can handle triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral, hexahedral, surface
   //    and volume meshes with the same code.
   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
   int dim = mesh->Dimension();

-   // 4. Refine the serial mesh on all processors to increase the resolution. In
+   // 5. Refine the serial mesh on all processors to increase the resolution. In
   //    this example we do 'ref_levels' of uniform refinement. We choose
   //    'ref_levels' to be the largest number that gives a final mesh with no
   //    more than 10,000 elements, unless the user specifies it as input.
@@ -118,7 +132,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      }
   }

-   // 5. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
+   // 6. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
   //    this mesh further in parallel to increase the resolution. Once the
   //    parallel mesh is defined, the serial mesh can be deleted.
   ParMesh *pmesh = new ParMesh(MPI_COMM_WORLD, *mesh);
@@ -131,7 +145,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      }
   }

-   // 6. Define a parallel finite element space on the parallel mesh. Here we
+   // 7. Define a parallel finite element space on the parallel mesh. Here we
   //    use the Raviart-Thomas finite elements of the specified order.
   FiniteElementCollection *hdiv_coll(new RT_FECollection(order, dim));
   FiniteElementCollection *l2_coll(new L2_FECollection(order, dim));
@@ -151,7 +165,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      std::cout << "***********************************************************\n";
   }

-   // 7. Define the two BlockStructure of the problem.  block_offsets is used
+   // 8. Define the two BlockStructure of the problem.  block_offsets is used
   //    for Vector based on dof (like ParGridFunction or ParLinearForm),
   //    block_trueOffstes is used for Vector based on trueDof (HypreParVector
   //    for the rhs and solution of the linear system).  The offsets computed
@@ -168,7 +182,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   block_trueOffsets[2] = W_space->TrueVSize();
   block_trueOffsets.PartialSum();

-   // 8. Define the coefficients, analytical solution, and rhs of the PDE.
+   // 9. Define the coefficients, analytical solution, and rhs of the PDE.
   ConstantCoefficient k(1.0);

   VectorFunctionCoefficient fcoeff(dim, fFun);
@@ -178,25 +192,30 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   VectorFunctionCoefficient ucoeff(dim, uFun_ex);
   FunctionCoefficient pcoeff(pFun_ex);

-   // 9. Define the parallel grid function and parallel linear forms, solution
-   //    vector and rhs.
-   BlockVector x(block_offsets), rhs(block_offsets);
-   BlockVector trueX(block_trueOffsets), trueRhs(block_trueOffsets);
+   // 10. Define the parallel grid function and parallel linear forms, solution
+   //     vector and rhs.
+   MemoryType mt = device.GetMemoryType();
+   BlockVector x(block_offsets, mt), rhs(block_offsets, mt);
+   BlockVector trueX(block_trueOffsets, mt), trueRhs(block_trueOffsets, mt);

   ParLinearForm *fform(new ParLinearForm);
   fform->Update(R_space, rhs.GetBlock(0), 0);
   fform->AddDomainIntegrator(new VectorFEDomainLFIntegrator(fcoeff));
   fform->AddBoundaryIntegrator(new VectorFEBoundaryFluxLFIntegrator(fnatcoeff));
   fform->Assemble();
+   fform->SyncAliasMemory(rhs);
   fform->ParallelAssemble(trueRhs.GetBlock(0));
+   trueRhs.GetBlock(0).SyncAliasMemory(trueRhs);

   ParLinearForm *gform(new ParLinearForm);
   gform->Update(W_space, rhs.GetBlock(1), 0);
   gform->AddDomainIntegrator(new DomainLFIntegrator(gcoeff));
   gform->Assemble();
+   gform->SyncAliasMemory(rhs);
   gform->ParallelAssemble(trueRhs.GetBlock(1));
+   trueRhs.GetBlock(1).SyncAliasMemory(trueRhs);

-   // 10. Assemble the finite element matrices for the Darcy operator
+   // 11. Assemble the finite element matrices for the Darcy operator
   //
   //                            D = [ M  B^T ]
   //                                [ B   0  ]
@@ -249,7 +268,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      darcyOp->SetBlock(1,0, B);
   }

-   // 11. Construct the operators for preconditioner
+   // 12. Construct the operators for preconditioner
   //
   //                 P = [ diag(M)         0         ]
   //                     [  0       B diag(M)^-1 B^T ]
@@ -266,10 +285,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
      Md_PA.SetSize(R_space->GetTrueVSize());
      mVarf->AssembleDiagonal(Md_PA);
+      auto Md_host = Md_PA.HostRead();
      Vector invMd(Md_PA.Size());
      for (int i=0; i<Md_PA.Size(); ++i)
      {
-         invMd(i) = 1.0 / Md_PA(i);
+         invMd(i) = 1.0 / Md_host[i];
      }

      Vector BMBt_diag(W_space->GetTrueVSize());
@@ -302,7 +322,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   darcyPr->SetDiagonalBlock(0, invM);
   darcyPr->SetDiagonalBlock(1, invS);

-   // 12. Solve the linear system with MINRES.
+   // 13. Solve the linear system with MINRES.
   //     Check the norm of the unpreconditioned residual.
   int maxIter(pa ? 1000 : 500);
   double rtol(1.e-6);
@@ -319,6 +339,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   solver.SetPrintLevel(verbose);
   trueX = 0.0;
   solver.Mult(trueRhs, trueX);
+   if (device.IsEnabled()) { trueX.HostRead(); }
   chrono.Stop();

   if (verbose)
@@ -332,7 +353,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      std::cout << "MINRES solver took " << chrono.RealTime() << "s. \n";
   }

-   // 13. Extract the parallel grid function corresponding to the finite element
+   // 14. Extract the parallel grid function corresponding to the finite element
   //     approximation X. This is the local solution on each processor. Compute
   //     L2 error norms.
   ParGridFunction *u(new ParGridFunction);
@@ -360,7 +381,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      std::cout << "|| p_h - p_ex || / || p_ex || = " << err_p / norm_p << "\n";
   }

-   // 14. Save the refined mesh and the solution in parallel. This output can be
+   // 15. Save the refined mesh and the solution in parallel. This output can be
   //     viewed later using GLVis: "glvis -np <np> -m mesh -g sol_*".
   {
      ostringstream mesh_name, u_name, p_name;
@@ -381,7 +402,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      p->Save(p_ofs);
   }

-   // 15. Save data in the VisIt format
+   // 16. Save data in the VisIt format
   VisItDataCollection visit_dc("Example5-Parallel", pmesh);
   visit_dc.RegisterField("velocity", u);
   visit_dc.RegisterField("pressure", p);
@@ -390,7 +411,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                      DataCollection::PARALLEL_FORMAT);
   visit_dc.Save();

-   // 16. Save data in the ParaView format
+   // 17. Save data in the ParaView format
   ParaViewDataCollection paraview_dc("Example5P", pmesh);
   paraview_dc.SetPrefixPath("ParaView");
   paraview_dc.SetLevelsOfDetail(order);
@@ -402,7 +423,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   paraview_dc.RegisterField("pressure",p);
   paraview_dc.Save();

-   // 17. Optionally output a BP (binary pack) file using ADIOS2. This can be
+   // 18. Optionally output a BP (binary pack) file using ADIOS2. This can be
   //     visualized with the ParaView VTX reader.
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_ADIOS2
   if (adios2)
@@ -422,7 +443,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 #endif

-   // 18. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
+   // 19. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
   if (visualization)
   {
      char vishost[] = "localhost";
@@ -442,7 +463,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
             << endl;
   }

-   // 19. Free the used memory.
+   // 20. Free the used memory.
   delete fform;
   delete gform;
   delete u;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 //               ex6 -pa -d occa-cuda
 //               ex6 -pa -d raja-omp
 //               ex6 -pa -d ceed-cpu
-//               * ex6 -pa -d ceed-cuda
+//             * ex6 -pa -d ceed-cuda
 //               ex6 -pa -d ceed-cuda:/gpu/cuda/shared
 //
 // Description:  This is a version of Example 1 with a simple adaptive mesh
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex6p -pa -d occa-cuda
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex6p -pa -d raja-omp
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex6p -pa -d ceed-cpu
-//               * mpirun -np 4 ex6p -pa -d ceed-cuda
+//             * mpirun -np 4 ex6p -pa -d ceed-cuda
 //               mpirun -np 4 ex6p -pa -d ceed-cuda:/gpu/cuda/shared
 //
 // Description:  This is a version of Example 1 with a simple adaptive mesh
@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@
 // Device sample runs:
 //    ex9 -pa
 //    ex9 -ea
+//    ex9 -fa
 //    ex9 -pa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh
 //    ex9 -pa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
+//    ex9 -ea -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
+//    ex9 -fa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
 //
 // Description:  This example code solves the time-dependent advection equation
 //               du/dt + v.grad(u) = 0, where v is a given fluid velocity, and
@@ -144,6 +147,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   int order = 3;
   bool pa = false;
   bool ea = false;
+   bool fa = false;
   const char *device_config = "cpu";
   int ode_solver_type = 4;
   double t_final = 10.0;
@@ -170,6 +174,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                  "--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
   args.AddOption(&ea, "-ea", "--element-assembly", "-no-ea",
                  "--no-element-assembly", "Enable Element Assembly.");
+   args.AddOption(&fa, "-fa", "--full-assembly", "-no-fa",
+                  "--no-full-assembly", "Enable Full Assembly.");
   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.AddOption(&ode_solver_type, "-s", "--ode-solver",
@@ -278,6 +284,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      m.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT);
      k.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT);
   }
+   else if (fa)
+   {
+      m.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::FULL);
+      k.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::FULL);
+   }
   m.AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator);
   k.AddDomainIntegrator(new ConvectionIntegrator(velocity, -1.0));
   k.AddInteriorFaceIntegrator(
@@ -437,21 +448,19 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 FE_Evolution::FE_Evolution(BilinearForm &_M, BilinearForm &_K, const Vector &_b)
   : TimeDependentOperator(_M.Height()), M(_M), K(_K), b(_b), z(_M.Height())
 {
-   bool pa = M.GetAssemblyLevel() == AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL;
-   bool ea = M.GetAssemblyLevel() == AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT;
   Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
-   if (pa || ea)
+   if (M.GetAssemblyLevel() == AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
+   {
+      M_prec = new DSmoother(M.SpMat());
+      M_solver.SetOperator(M.SpMat());
+      dg_solver = new DG_Solver(M.SpMat(), K.SpMat(), *M.FESpace());
+   }
+   else
   {
      M_prec = new OperatorJacobiSmoother(M, ess_tdof_list);
      M_solver.SetOperator(M);
      dg_solver = NULL;
   }
-   else
-   {
-      M_prec = new DSmoother(M.SpMat());
-      dg_solver = new DG_Solver(M.SpMat(), K.SpMat(), *M.FESpace());
-      M_solver.SetOperator(M.SpMat());
-   }
   M_solver.SetPreconditioner(*M_prec);
   M_solver.iterative_mode = false;
   M_solver.SetRelTol(1e-9);
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@
 // Device sample runs:
 //    mpirun -np 4 ex9p -pa
 //    mpirun -np 4 ex9p -ea
+//    mpirun -np 4 ex9p -fa
 //    mpirun -np 4 ex9p -pa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh
 //    mpirun -np 4 ex9p -pa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
+//    mpirun -np 4 ex9p -ea -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
+//    mpirun -np 4 ex9p -fa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
 //
 // Description:  This example code solves the time-dependent advection equation
 //               du/dt + v.grad(u) = 0, where v is a given fluid velocity, and
@@ -164,6 +167,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   int order = 3;
   bool pa = false;
   bool ea = false;
+   bool fa = false;
   const char *device_config = "cpu";
   int ode_solver_type = 4;
   double t_final = 10.0;
@@ -193,6 +197,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                  "--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
   args.AddOption(&ea, "-ea", "--element-assembly", "-no-ea",
                  "--no-element-assembly", "Enable Element Assembly.");
+   args.AddOption(&fa, "-fa", "--full-assembly", "-no-fa",
+                  "--no-full-assembly", "Enable Full Assembly.");
   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.AddOption(&ode_solver_type, "-s", "--ode-solver",
@@ -329,6 +335,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
      m->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT);
      k->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT);
   }
+   else if (fa)
+   {
+      m->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::FULL);
+      k->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::FULL);
+   }
+
   m->AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator);
   k->AddDomainIntegrator(new ConvectionIntegrator(velocity, -1.0));
   k->AddInteriorFaceIntegrator(
@@ -565,29 +577,21 @@ FE_Evolution::FE_Evolution(ParBilinearForm &_M, ParBilinearForm &_K,
     M_solver(_M.ParFESpace()->GetComm()),
     z(_M.Height())
 {
-   bool pa = _M.GetAssemblyLevel()==AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL;
-   bool ea = _M.GetAssemblyLevel()==AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT;
-
-   if (pa || ea)
-   {
-      M.Reset(&_M, false);
-      K.Reset(&_K, false);
-   }
-   else
+   if (_M.GetAssemblyLevel()==AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
   {
      M.Reset(_M.ParallelAssemble(), true);
      K.Reset(_K.ParallelAssemble(), true);
   }
+   else
+   {
+      M.Reset(&_M, false);
+      K.Reset(&_K, false);
+   }

   M_solver.SetOperator(*M);

   Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
-   if (pa || ea)
-   {
-      M_prec = new OperatorJacobiSmoother(_M, ess_tdof_list);
-      dg_solver = NULL;
-   }
-   else
+   if (_M.GetAssemblyLevel()==AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
   {
      HypreParMatrix &M_mat = *M.As<HypreParMatrix>();
      HypreParMatrix &K_mat = *K.As<HypreParMatrix>();
@@ -596,6 +600,11 @@ FE_Evolution::FE_Evolution(ParBilinearForm &_M, ParBilinearForm &_K,

      dg_solver = new DG_Solver(M_mat, K_mat, *_M.FESpace());
   }
+   else
+   {
+      M_prec = new OperatorJacobiSmoother(_M, ess_tdof_list);
+      dg_solver = NULL;
+   }

   M_solver.SetPreconditioner(*M_prec);
   M_solver.iterative_mode = false;
@@ -114,6 +114,11 @@ ex11p-test-strumpack: ex11p
 	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), STRUMPACK example,--strumpack)
 test-par-YES: ex11p-test-strumpack
 endif
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU),YES)
+ex11p-test-superlu: ex11p
+	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), SuperLU_DIST example,--superlu)
+test-par-YES: ex11p-test-superlu
+endif

 # Testing: "test" target and mfem-test* variables are defined in config/test.mk

@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ if (MFEM_USE_MPI)
    )
 endif()

+if (MFEM_USE_SLEPC)
+  list(APPEND PETSC_EXAMPLES_SRCS
+    ex11p.cpp
+    )
+  list(APPEND PETSC_RC_FILES
+    rc_ex11p_lobpcg rc_ex11p_gd
+    )
+endif()
+
 # Include the source directory where mfem.hpp and mfem-performance.hpp are.
 include_directories(BEFORE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})

@@ -78,12 +87,22 @@ set(EX9_E_ARGS       -m ../../data/periodic-hexagon.mesh --usepetsc --petscopts
 set(EX9_ES_ARGS      -m ../../data/periodic-hexagon.mesh --usepetsc --petscopts rc_ex9p_expl --no-step)
 set(EX9_IS_ARGS      -m ../../data/periodic-hexagon.mesh --usepetsc --petscopts rc_ex9p_impl --implicit -tf 0.5)
 set(EX10_ARGS        -m ../../data/beam-quad.mesh --usepetsc --petscopts rc_ex10p -tf 30 -s 3 -rs 2 -dt 3)
+if (MFEM_USE_SLEPC)
+  set(EX11_ARGS_SINV   -m ../../data/star.mesh --useslepc)
+  set(EX11_ARGS_LOBPCG -m ../../data/star.mesh --useslepc --slepcopts rc_ex11p_lobpcg)
+  set(EX11_ARGS_GD -m ../../data/star.mesh --useslepc --slepcopts rc_ex11p_gd)
+endif()

 # Add the tests: one test per command-line-variable.
-foreach(TEST_OPTIONS_VAR
-        EX1_ARGS_W EX1_ARGS_P EX2_ARGS EX3_ARGS EX4_ARGS EX4_HYB_ARGS
-        EX5_BDDC_LB_ARGS EX5_BDDC_GB_ARGS EX5_FSPL_ARGS EX6_ARGS EX6_NONOVL_ARGS
-        EX9_E_ARGS EX9_ES_ARGS EX9_IS_ARGS EX10_ARGS)
+set(TEST_OPTIONS_VARS
+    EX1_ARGS_W EX1_ARGS_P EX2_ARGS EX3_ARGS EX4_ARGS EX4_HYB_ARGS
+    EX5_BDDC_LB_ARGS EX5_BDDC_GB_ARGS EX5_FSPL_ARGS EX6_ARGS EX6_NONOVL_ARGS
+    EX9_E_ARGS EX9_ES_ARGS EX9_IS_ARGS EX10_ARGS)
+if (MFEM_USE_SLEPC)
+    list(APPEND TEST_OPTIONS_VARS EX11_ARGS_SINV EX11_ARGS_LOBPCG EX11_ARGS_GD)
+endif()
+
+foreach(TEST_OPTIONS_VAR ${TEST_OPTIONS_VARS})
  string(REGEX REPLACE "^(.+)_ARGS" "\\1" TEST_NAME_UC ${TEST_OPTIONS_VAR})
  string(REGEX REPLACE "^([^_]+)" "\\1P" TEST_NAME_UC ${TEST_NAME_UC})
  string(TOLOWER ${TEST_NAME_UC} TEST_NAME_FULL)
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+//                       MFEM Example 11 - Parallel Version
+//                              PETSc Modification
+//
+// Compile with: make ex11p
+//
+// Sample runs:  mpirun -np 4 ex11p -m ../../data/star.mesh
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex11p -m ../../data/star.mesh --slepcopts rc_ex11p_lobpcg
+//               mpirun -np 4 ex11p -m ../../data/star.mesh --slepcopts rc_ex11p_gd
+//
+// Description:  This example code demonstrates the use of MFEM to solve the
+//               eigenvalue problem -Delta u = lambda u with homogeneous
+//               Dirichlet boundary conditions.
+//
+//               We compute a number of the lowest eigenmodes by discretizing
+//               the Laplacian and Mass operators using a FE space of the
+//               specified order, or an isoparametric/isogeometric space if
+//               order < 1 (quadratic for quadratic curvilinear mesh, NURBS for
+//               NURBS mesh, etc.)
+//
+//               The example demonstrates the use of the SLEPc eigensolver as an
+//               alternative to the LOBPCG eigenvalue solver. The shift and
+//               invert spectral transformation is used to help the convergence
+//               to the smaller eigenvalues. Alternative solver parameters can
+//               be passed in a file with "-slepcopts".
+//
+//               Reusing a single GLVis visualization window for multiple
+//               eigenfunctions is also illustrated.
+//
+//               We recommend viewing Example 1 before viewing this example.
+
+#include "mfem.hpp"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#ifndef MFEM_USE_SLEPC
+#error This examples requires that MFEM is build with MFEM_USE_SLEPC=YES
+#endif
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace mfem;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+   // 1. Initialize MPI.
+   int num_procs, myid;
+   MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
+   MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &num_procs);
+   MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myid);
+
+   // 2. Parse command-line options.
+   const char *mesh_file = "../../data/star.mesh";
+   int ser_ref_levels = 2;
+   int par_ref_levels = 1;
+   int order = 1;
+   int nev = 5;
+   int seed = 75;
+   bool slu_solver  = false;
+   bool sp_solver = false;
+   bool visualization = 1;
+   bool use_slepc = true;
+   const char *slepcrc_file = "";
+
+   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
+   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
+                  "Mesh file to use.");
+   args.AddOption(&ser_ref_levels, "-rs", "--refine-serial",
+                  "Number of times to refine the mesh uniformly in serial.");
+   args.AddOption(&par_ref_levels, "-rp", "--refine-parallel",
+                  "Number of times to refine the mesh uniformly in parallel.");
+   args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order",
+                  "Finite element order (polynomial degree) or -1 for"
+                  " isoparametric space.");
+   args.AddOption(&nev, "-n", "--num-eigs",
+                  "Number of desired eigenmodes.");
+   args.AddOption(&seed, "-s", "--seed",
+                  "Random seed used to initialize LOBPCG.");
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_SUPERLU
+   args.AddOption(&slu_solver, "-slu", "--superlu", "-no-slu",
+                  "--no-superlu", "Use the SuperLU Solver.");
+#endif
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK
+   args.AddOption(&sp_solver, "-sp", "--strumpack", "-no-sp",
+                  "--no-strumpack", "Use the STRUMPACK Solver.");
+#endif
+   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
+                  "--no-visualization",
+                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
+   args.AddOption(&use_slepc, "-useslepc","--useslepc","-no-slepc",
+                  "--no-slepc","Use or not SLEPc to solve the eigenvalue problem");
+   args.AddOption(&slepcrc_file, "-slepcopts", "--slepcopts",
+                  "SlepcOptions file to use.");
+   args.Parse();
+   if (slu_solver && sp_solver)
+   {
+      if (myid == 0)
+         cout << "WARNING: Both SuperLU and STRUMPACK have been selected,"
+              << " please choose either one." << endl
+              << "         Defaulting to SuperLU." << endl;
+      sp_solver = false;
+   }
+   // The command line options are also passed to the STRUMPACK
+   // solver. So do not exit if some options are not recognized.
+   if (!sp_solver)
+   {
+      if (!args.Good())
+      {
+         if (myid == 0)
+         {
+            args.PrintUsage(cout);
+         }
+         MPI_Finalize();
+         return 1;
+      }
+   }
+   if (myid == 0)
+   {
+      args.PrintOptions(cout);
+   }
+
+   // 2b. We initialize SLEPc. This internally initializes PETSc as well.
+   MFEMInitializeSlepc(NULL,NULL,slepcrc_file,NULL);
+
+   // 3. Read the (serial) mesh from the given mesh file on all processors. We
+   //    can handle triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral, hexahedral, surface
+   //    and volume meshes with the same code.
+   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
+   int dim = mesh->Dimension();
+
+   // 4. Refine the serial mesh on all processors to increase the resolution. In
+   //    this example we do 'ref_levels' of uniform refinement (2 by default, or
+   //    specified on the command line with -rs).
+   for (int lev = 0; lev < ser_ref_levels; lev++)
+   {
+      mesh->UniformRefinement();
+   }
+
+   // 5. Define a parallel mesh by a partitioning of the serial mesh. Refine
+   //    this mesh further in parallel to increase the resolution (1 time by
+   //    default, or specified on the command line with -rp). Once the parallel
+   //    mesh is defined, the serial mesh can be deleted.
+   ParMesh *pmesh = new ParMesh(MPI_COMM_WORLD, *mesh);
+   delete mesh;
+   for (int lev = 0; lev < par_ref_levels; lev++)
+   {
+      pmesh->UniformRefinement();
+   }
+
+   // 6. Define a parallel finite element space on the parallel mesh. Here we
+   //    use continuous Lagrange finite elements of the specified order. If
+   //    order < 1, we instead use an isoparametric/isogeometric space.
+   FiniteElementCollection *fec;
+   if (order > 0)
+   {
+      fec = new H1_FECollection(order, dim);
+   }
+   else if (pmesh->GetNodes())
+   {
+      fec = pmesh->GetNodes()->OwnFEC();
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      fec = new H1_FECollection(order = 1, dim);
+   }
+   ParFiniteElementSpace *fespace = new ParFiniteElementSpace(pmesh, fec);
+   HYPRE_Int size = fespace->GlobalTrueVSize();
+   if (myid == 0)
+   {
+      cout << "Number of unknowns: " << size << endl;
+   }
+
+   // 7. Set up the parallel bilinear forms a(.,.) and m(.,.) on the finite
+   //    element space. The first corresponds to the Laplacian operator -Delta,
+   //    while the second is a simple mass matrix needed on the right hand side
+   //    of the generalized eigenvalue problem below. The boundary conditions
+   //    are implemented by elimination with special values on the diagonal to
+   //    shift the Dirichlet eigenvalues out of the computational range. After
+   //    serial and parallel assembly we extract the corresponding parallel
+   //    matrices A and M.
+   ConstantCoefficient one(1.0);
+   Array<int> ess_bdr;
+   if (pmesh->bdr_attributes.Size())
+   {
+      ess_bdr.SetSize(pmesh->bdr_attributes.Max());
+      ess_bdr = 1;
+   }
+
+   ParBilinearForm *a = new ParBilinearForm(fespace);
+   a->AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(one));
+   if (pmesh->bdr_attributes.Size() == 0)
+   {
+      // Add a mass term if the mesh has no boundary, e.g. periodic mesh or
+      // closed surface.
+      a->AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator(one));
+   }
+   a->Assemble();
+   a->EliminateEssentialBCDiag(ess_bdr, 1.0);
+   a->Finalize();
+
+   ParBilinearForm *m = new ParBilinearForm(fespace);
+   m->AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator(one));
+   m->Assemble();
+   // shift the eigenvalue corresponding to eliminated dofs to a large value
+   m->EliminateEssentialBCDiag(ess_bdr, numeric_limits<double>::min());
+   m->Finalize();
+
+   PetscParMatrix *pA = NULL, *pM = NULL;
+   HypreParMatrix *A = NULL, *M = NULL;
+   Operator::Type tid =
+      !use_slepc ? Operator::Hypre_ParCSR : Operator::PETSC_MATAIJ;
+   OperatorHandle Ah(tid), Mh(tid);
+
+   a->ParallelAssemble(Ah);
+   if (!use_slepc) { Ah.Get(A); }
+   else { Ah.Get(pA); }
+   Ah.SetOperatorOwner(false);
+
+   m->ParallelAssemble(Mh);
+   if (!use_slepc) {Mh.Get(M); }
+   else {Mh.Get(pM); }
+   Mh.SetOperatorOwner(false);
+
+#if defined(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU) || defined(MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)
+   Operator * Arow = NULL;
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_SUPERLU
+   if (slu_solver)
+   {
+      Arow = new SuperLURowLocMatrix(*A);
+   }
+#endif
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK
+   if (sp_solver)
+   {
+      Arow = new STRUMPACKRowLocMatrix(*A);
+   }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+   delete a;
+   delete m;
+
+   // 8. Define and configure the LOBPCG eigensolver and the BoomerAMG
+   //    preconditioner for A to be used within the solver. Set the matrices
+   //    which define the generalized eigenproblem A x = lambda M x.
+   Solver * precond = NULL;
+   if (!use_slepc)
+   {
+      if (!slu_solver && !sp_solver)
+      {
+         HypreBoomerAMG * amg = new HypreBoomerAMG(*A);
+         amg->SetPrintLevel(0);
+         precond = amg;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_SUPERLU
+         if (slu_solver)
+         {
+            SuperLUSolver * superlu = new SuperLUSolver(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+            superlu->SetPrintStatistics(false);
+            superlu->SetSymmetricPattern(true);
+            superlu->SetColumnPermutation(superlu::PARMETIS);
+            superlu->SetOperator(*Arow);
+            precond = superlu;
+         }
+#endif
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK
+         if (sp_solver)
+         {
+            STRUMPACKSolver * strumpack = new STRUMPACKSolver(argc, argv, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+            strumpack->SetPrintFactorStatistics(true);
+            strumpack->SetPrintSolveStatistics(false);
+            strumpack->SetKrylovSolver(strumpack::KrylovSolver::DIRECT);
+            strumpack->SetReorderingStrategy(strumpack::ReorderingStrategy::METIS);
+            strumpack->DisableMatching();
+            strumpack->SetOperator(*Arow);
+            strumpack->SetFromCommandLine();
+            precond = strumpack;
+         }
+#endif
+      }
+   }
+
+   HypreLOBPCG * lobpcg = NULL;
+   SlepcEigenSolver * slepc = NULL;
+   if (!use_slepc)
+   {
+
+      lobpcg = new HypreLOBPCG(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+      lobpcg->SetNumModes(nev);
+      lobpcg->SetRandomSeed(seed);
+      lobpcg->SetPreconditioner(*precond);
+      lobpcg->SetMaxIter(200);
+      lobpcg->SetTol(1e-8);
+      lobpcg->SetPrecondUsageMode(1);
+      lobpcg->SetPrintLevel(1);
+      lobpcg->SetMassMatrix(*M);
+      lobpcg->SetOperator(*A);
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      slepc = new SlepcEigenSolver(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+      slepc->SetNumModes(nev);
+      slepc->SetWhichEigenpairs(SlepcEigenSolver::TARGET_REAL);
+      slepc->SetTarget(0.0);
+      slepc->SetSpectralTransformation(SlepcEigenSolver::SHIFT_INVERT);
+      slepc->SetOperators(*pA,*pM);
+   }
+
+   // 9. Compute the eigenmodes and extract the array of eigenvalues. Define a
+   //    parallel grid function to represent each of the eigenmodes returned by
+   //    the solver.
+   Array<double> eigenvalues;
+   if (!use_slepc)
+   {
+      lobpcg->Solve();
+      lobpcg->GetEigenvalues(eigenvalues);
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      slepc->Solve();
+      eigenvalues.SetSize(nev);
+      for (int i=0; i<nev; i++)
+      {
+         slepc->GetEigenvalue(i,eigenvalues[i]);
+      }
+   }
+   Vector temp(fespace->GetTrueVSize());
+   ParGridFunction x(fespace);
+
+   // 10. Save the refined mesh and the modes in parallel. This output can be
+   //     viewed later using GLVis: "glvis -np <np> -m mesh -g mode".
+   {
+      ostringstream mesh_name, mode_name;
+      mesh_name << "mesh." << setfill('0') << setw(6) << myid;
+
+      ofstream mesh_ofs(mesh_name.str().c_str());
+      mesh_ofs.precision(8);
+      pmesh->Print(mesh_ofs);
+
+      for (int i=0; i<nev; i++)
+      {
+         // convert eigenvector from HypreParVector to ParGridFunction
+         if (!use_slepc)
+         {
+            x = lobpcg->GetEigenvector(i);
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            slepc->GetEigenvector(i,temp);
+            x.Distribute(temp);
+
+         }
+
+         mode_name << "mode_" << setfill('0') << setw(2) << i << "."
+                   << setfill('0') << setw(6) << myid;
+
+         ofstream mode_ofs(mode_name.str().c_str());
+         mode_ofs.precision(8);
+         x.Save(mode_ofs);
+         mode_name.str("");
+      }
+   }
+
+   // 11. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
+   if (visualization)
+   {
+      char vishost[] = "localhost";
+      int  visport   = 19916;
+      socketstream mode_sock(vishost, visport);
+      mode_sock.precision(8);
+
+      for (int i=0; i<nev; i++)
+      {
+         if ( myid == 0 )
+         {
+            cout << "Eigenmode " << i+1 << '/' << nev
+                 << ", Lambda = " << eigenvalues[i] << endl;
+         }
+
+         // convert eigenvector from HypreParVector to ParGridFunction
+         if (!use_slepc)
+         {
+            x = lobpcg->GetEigenvector(i);
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            slepc->GetEigenvector(i,temp);
+            x.Distribute(temp);
+         }
+
+         mode_sock << "parallel " << num_procs << " " << myid << "\n"
+                   << "solution\n" << *pmesh << x << flush
+                   << "window_title 'Eigenmode " << i+1 << '/' << nev
+                   << ", Lambda = " << eigenvalues[i] << "'" << endl;
+
+         char c;
+         if (myid == 0)
+         {
+            cout << "press (q)uit or (c)ontinue --> " << flush;
+            cin >> c;
+         }
+         MPI_Bcast(&c, 1, MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
+
+         if (c != 'c')
+         {
+            break;
+         }
+      }
+      mode_sock.close();
+   }
+
+   // 12. Free the used memory.
+   if (!use_slepc)
+   {
+      delete lobpcg;
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      delete slepc;
+   }
+   delete precond;
+   delete M;
+   delete A;
+#if defined(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU) || defined(MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)
+   delete Arow;
+#endif
+
+   delete fespace;
+   if (order > 0)
+   {
+      delete fec;
+   }
+   delete pmesh;
+
+   // We finalize SLEPc
+   MFEMFinalizeSlepc();
+   MPI_Finalize();
+
+   return 0;
+}
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ MFEM_LIB_FILE = mfem_is_not_built

 SEQ_EXAMPLES =
 PAR_EXAMPLES = ex1p ex2p ex3p ex4p ex5p ex6p ex9p ex10p
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SLEPC),YES)
+   PAR_EXAMPLES += ex11p
+endif
 ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),NO)
   EXAMPLES = $(SEQ_EXAMPLES)
 else
@@ -87,6 +90,9 @@ EX10_ARGS        := -m ../../data/beam-quad.mesh --usepetsc --petscopts rc_ex10p
 EX10_MF_ARGS     := -m ../../data/beam-quad.mesh --usepetsc --petscopts rc_ex10p_mf -tf 6 -s 3 -rs 0 -dt 3
 EX10_MFOP_ARGS   := -m ../../data/beam-quad.mesh --usepetsc --petscopts rc_ex10p_mfop -tf 6 -s 3 -rs 0 -dt 3
 EX10_JFNK_ARGS   := -m ../../data/beam-quad.mesh --usepetsc --petscopts rc_ex10p_jfnk --jfnk -tf 6 -s 3 -rs 0 -dt 3
+EX11_ARGS_SINV   := -m ../../data/star.mesh --useslepc
+EX11_ARGS_LOBPCG := -m ../../data/star.mesh --useslepc --slepcopts rc_ex11p_lobpcg
+EX11_ARGS_GD     := -m ../../data/star.mesh --useslepc --slepcopts rc_ex11p_gd

 ex1p-test-par: ex1p
 	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), $(TESTNAME),$(EX1_ARGS_W))
@@ -114,6 +120,12 @@ ex10p-test-par: ex10p
 	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), $(TESTNAME),$(EX10_MF_ARGS))
 	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), $(TESTNAME),$(EX10_MFOP_ARGS))
 	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), $(TESTNAME),$(EX10_JFNK_ARGS))
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SLEPC),YES)
+ex11p-test-par: ex11p
+	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), $(TESTNAME),$(EX11_ARGS_SINV))
+	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), $(TESTNAME),$(EX11_ARGS_LOBPCG))
+	@$(call mfem-test,$<, $(RUN_MPI), $(TESTNAME),$(EX11_ARGS_GD))
+endif

 # Testing: "test" target and mfem-test* variables are defined in config/test.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Options for the eigenvalue solver
+-eps_view
+-eps_converged_reason
+-eps_type gd
+# Options for the spectral transform
+-st_type precond
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Options for the eigenvalue solver
+-eps_monitor
+-eps_converged_reason
+-eps_view_values
+-eps_type lobpcg
+-eps_gen_hermitian
+-eps_smallest_real
+-eps_lobpcg_blocksize 5
+# Options for the spectral transform
+-st_type precond
+-st_pc_type gamg
@@ -50,10 +50,43 @@ set(SRCS
  fespacehierarchy.cpp
  nonlininteg_vectorconvection.cpp
  quadinterpolator.cpp
+  quadinterpolator_det.cpp
+  quadinterpolator_eval_by_nodes.cpp
+  quadinterpolator_eval_by_vdim.cpp
+  quadinterpolator_grad_by_nodes.cpp
+  quadinterpolator_grad_by_vdim.cpp
+  quadinterpolator_grad_phys_by_nodes.cpp
+  quadinterpolator_grad_phys_by_vdim.cpp
  quadinterpolator_face.cpp
  restriction.cpp
  staticcond.cpp
  tmop.cpp
+  tmop_pa.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h2d.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h2d_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h2m.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h2m_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h2s.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h2s_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h3d.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h3d_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h3m.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h3m_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h3s.cpp
+  tmop_pa_h3s_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_jp2.cpp
+  tmop_pa_jp3.cpp
+  tmop_pa_jt2_tc.cpp
+  tmop_pa_jt3_datc.cpp
+  tmop_pa_jt3_tc.cpp
+  tmop_pa_p2.cpp
+  tmop_pa_p2_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_p3.cpp
+  tmop_pa_p3_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_w2.cpp
+  tmop_pa_w2_c0.cpp
+  tmop_pa_w3.cpp
+  tmop_pa_w3_c0.cpp
  tmop_tools.cpp
  gslib.cpp
  transfer.cpp
@@ -83,7 +116,10 @@ set(HDRS
  nonlinearform_ext.hpp
  nonlininteg.hpp
  quadinterpolator.hpp
+  quadinterpolator_eval.hpp
  quadinterpolator_face.hpp
+  quadinterpolator_grad.hpp
+  quadinterpolator_grad_phys.hpp
  restriction.hpp
  fespacehierarchy.hpp
  staticcond.hpp
@@ -96,6 +132,7 @@ set(HDRS
  tfespace.hpp
  tintrules.hpp
  tmop.hpp
+  tmop_pa.hpp
  tmop_tools.hpp
  gslib.hpp
  transfer.hpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ BilinearForm::BilinearForm(FiniteElementSpace * f)
   precompute_sparsity = 0;
   diag_policy = DIAG_KEEP;

-   assembly = AssemblyLevel::FULL;
+   assembly = AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL;
   batch = 1;
   ext = NULL;
 }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ BilinearForm::BilinearForm (FiniteElementSpace * f, BilinearForm * bf, int ps)
   precompute_sparsity = ps;
   diag_policy = DIAG_KEEP;

-   assembly = AssemblyLevel::FULL;
+   assembly = AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL;
   batch = 1;
   ext = NULL;

@@ -121,9 +121,10 @@ void BilinearForm::SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel assembly_level)
   assembly = assembly_level;
   switch (assembly)
   {
+      case AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL:
+         break;
      case AssemblyLevel::FULL:
-         // ext = new FABilinearFormExtension(this);
-         // Use the original BilinearForm implementation for now
+         ext = new FABilinearFormExtension(this);
         break;
      case AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT:
         ext = new EABilinearFormExtension(this);
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ void BilinearForm::SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel assembly_level)
 void BilinearForm::EnableStaticCondensation()
 {
   delete static_cond;
-   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::FULL)
+   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
   {
      static_cond = NULL;
      MFEM_WARNING("Static condensation not supported for this assembly level");
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ void BilinearForm::EnableHybridization(FiniteElementSpace *constr_space,
                                       const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list)
 {
   delete hybridization;
-   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::FULL)
+   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
   {
      delete constr_integ;
      hybridization = NULL;
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ MatrixInverse * BilinearForm::Inverse() const

 void BilinearForm::Finalize (int skip_zeros)
 {
-   if (assembly == AssemblyLevel::FULL)
+   if (assembly == AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
   {
      if (!static_cond) { mat->Finalize(skip_zeros); }
      if (mat_e) { mat_e->Finalize(skip_zeros); }
@@ -639,8 +640,7 @@ void BilinearForm::AssembleDiagonal(Vector &diag) const
   }
   else
   {
-      MFEM_ABORT("Not implemented. Maybe assemble your bilinear form into a "
-                 "matrix and use SparseMatrix::GetDiag?");
+      mat->GetDiag(diag);
   }
 }

@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ MixedBilinearForm::MixedBilinearForm (FiniteElementSpace *tr_fes,
   mat = NULL;
   mat_e = NULL;
   extern_bfs = 0;
-   assembly = AssemblyLevel::FULL;
+   assembly = AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL;
   ext = NULL;
 }

@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ MixedBilinearForm::MixedBilinearForm (FiniteElementSpace *tr_fes,
   bbfi_marker = mbf->bbfi_marker;
   btfbfi_marker = mbf->btfbfi_marker;

-   assembly = AssemblyLevel::FULL;
+   assembly = AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL;
   ext = NULL;
 }

@@ -1121,6 +1121,8 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel assembly_level)
   assembly = assembly_level;
   switch (assembly)
   {
+      case AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL:
+         break;
      case AssemblyLevel::FULL:
         // ext = new FAMixedBilinearFormExtension(this);
         // Use the original BilinearForm implementation for now
@@ -1191,7 +1193,7 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::AddMultTranspose(const Vector & x, Vector & y,

 MatrixInverse * MixedBilinearForm::Inverse() const
 {
-   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::FULL)
+   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
   {
      MFEM_WARNING("MixedBilinearForm::Inverse not possible with this assembly level!");
      return NULL;
@@ -1204,7 +1206,7 @@ MatrixInverse * MixedBilinearForm::Inverse() const

 void MixedBilinearForm::Finalize (int skip_zeros)
 {
-   if (assembly == AssemblyLevel::FULL)
+   if (assembly == AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
   {
      mat -> Finalize (skip_zeros);
   }
@@ -1481,7 +1483,7 @@ void MixedBilinearForm::AssembleDiagonal_ADAt(const Vector &D,

 void MixedBilinearForm::ConformingAssemble()
 {
-   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::FULL)
+   if (assembly != AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL)
   {
      MFEM_WARNING("Conforming assemble not supported for this assembly level!");
      return;
@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@ namespace mfem
    form classes derived from Operator. */
 enum class AssemblyLevel
 {
-   /// Fully assembled form, i.e. a global sparse matrix in MFEM, Hypre or PETSC
-   /// format.
+   /// Legacy fully assembled form, i.e. a global sparse matrix in MFEM, Hypre
+   /// or PETSC format. This assembly is ALWAYS performed on the host.
+   LEGACYFULL = 0,
+   /// Fully assembled form, i.e. a global sparse matrix in MFEM format. This
+   /// assembly is compatible with device execution.
   FULL,
   /// Form assembled at element level, which computes and stores dense element
   /// matrices.
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ protected:
      static_cond = NULL; hybridization = NULL;
      precompute_sparsity = 0;
      diag_policy = DIAG_KEEP;
-      assembly = AssemblyLevel::FULL;
+      assembly = AssemblyLevel::LEGACYFULL;
      batch = 1;
      ext = NULL;
   }
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "../general/forall.hpp"
 #include "bilinearform.hpp"
 #include "libceed/ceed.hpp"
+#include "pgridfunc.hpp"

 namespace mfem
 {
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ void PABilinearFormExtension::AssembleDiagonal(Vector &y) const
   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> &integrators = *a->GetDBFI();

   const int iSz = integrators.Size();
-   if (elem_restrict)
+   if (elem_restrict && !DeviceCanUseCeed())
   {
      localY = 0.0;
      for (int i = 0; i < iSz; ++i)
@@ -292,7 +293,8 @@ void PABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const

 // Data and methods for element-assembled bilinear forms
 EABilinearFormExtension::EABilinearFormExtension(BilinearForm *form)
-   : PABilinearFormExtension(form)
+   : PABilinearFormExtension(form),
+     factorize_face_terms(form->FESpace()->IsDGSpace())
 {
 }

@@ -347,6 +349,17 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::Assemble()
   {
      bdrFaceIntegrators[i]->AssembleEABoundaryFaces(*a->FESpace(),ea_data_bdr);
   }
+
+   if (factorize_face_terms && int_face_restrict_lex)
+   {
+      auto restFint = dynamic_cast<const L2FaceRestriction&>(*int_face_restrict_lex);
+      restFint.AddFaceMatricesToElementMatrices(ea_data_int, ea_data);
+   }
+   if (factorize_face_terms && bdr_face_restrict_lex)
+   {
+      auto restFbdr = dynamic_cast<const L2FaceRestriction&>(*bdr_face_restrict_lex);
+      restFbdr.AddFaceMatricesToElementMatrices(ea_data_bdr, ea_data);
+   }
 }

 void EABilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
@@ -399,24 +412,27 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         const int NDOFS = faceDofs;
         auto X = Reshape(faceIntX.Read(), NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
         auto Y = Reshape(faceIntY.ReadWrite(), NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
-         auto A_int = Reshape(ea_data_int.Read(), NDOFS, NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
-         MFEM_FORALL(glob_j, nf_int*NDOFS,
+         if (!factorize_face_terms)
         {
-            const int f = glob_j/NDOFS;
-            const int j = glob_j%NDOFS;
-            double res = 0.0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < NDOFS; i++)
+            auto A_int = Reshape(ea_data_int.Read(), NDOFS, NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
+            MFEM_FORALL(glob_j, nf_int*NDOFS,
            {
-               res += A_int(i, j, 0, f)*X(i, 0, f);
-            }
-            Y(j, 0, f) += res;
-            res = 0.0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < NDOFS; i++)
-            {
-               res += A_int(i, j, 1, f)*X(i, 1, f);
-            }
-            Y(j, 1, f) += res;
-         });
+               const int f = glob_j/NDOFS;
+               const int j = glob_j%NDOFS;
+               double res = 0.0;
+               for (int i = 0; i < NDOFS; i++)
+               {
+                  res += A_int(i, j, 0, f)*X(i, 0, f);
+               }
+               Y(j, 0, f) += res;
+               res = 0.0;
+               for (int i = 0; i < NDOFS; i++)
+               {
+                  res += A_int(i, j, 1, f)*X(i, 1, f);
+               }
+               Y(j, 1, f) += res;
+            });
+         }
         auto A_ext = Reshape(ea_data_ext.Read(), NDOFS, NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
         MFEM_FORALL(glob_j, nf_int*NDOFS,
         {
@@ -443,7 +459,7 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
   // Treatment of boundary faces
   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> &bdrFaceIntegrators = *a->GetBFBFI();
   const int bFISz = bdrFaceIntegrators.Size();
-   if (bdr_face_restrict_lex && bFISz>0)
+   if (!factorize_face_terms && bdr_face_restrict_lex && bFISz>0)
   {
      // Apply the Boundary Face Restriction
      bdr_face_restrict_lex->Mult(x, faceBdrX);
@@ -522,24 +538,27 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
         const int NDOFS = faceDofs;
         auto X = Reshape(faceIntX.Read(), NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
         auto Y = Reshape(faceIntY.ReadWrite(), NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
-         auto A_int = Reshape(ea_data_int.Read(), NDOFS, NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
-         MFEM_FORALL(glob_j, nf_int*NDOFS,
+         if (!factorize_face_terms)
         {
-            const int f = glob_j/NDOFS;
-            const int j = glob_j%NDOFS;
-            double res = 0.0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < NDOFS; i++)
+            auto A_int = Reshape(ea_data_int.Read(), NDOFS, NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
+            MFEM_FORALL(glob_j, nf_int*NDOFS,
            {
-               res += A_int(j, i, 0, f)*X(i, 0, f);
-            }
-            Y(j, 0, f) += res;
-            res = 0.0;
-            for (int i = 0; i < NDOFS; i++)
-            {
-               res += A_int(j, i, 1, f)*X(i, 1, f);
-            }
-            Y(j, 1, f) += res;
-         });
+               const int f = glob_j/NDOFS;
+               const int j = glob_j%NDOFS;
+               double res = 0.0;
+               for (int i = 0; i < NDOFS; i++)
+               {
+                  res += A_int(j, i, 0, f)*X(i, 0, f);
+               }
+               Y(j, 0, f) += res;
+               res = 0.0;
+               for (int i = 0; i < NDOFS; i++)
+               {
+                  res += A_int(j, i, 1, f)*X(i, 1, f);
+               }
+               Y(j, 1, f) += res;
+            });
+         }
         auto A_ext = Reshape(ea_data_ext.Read(), NDOFS, NDOFS, 2, nf_int);
         MFEM_FORALL(glob_j, nf_int*NDOFS,
         {
@@ -566,7 +585,7 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
   // Treatment of boundary faces
   Array<BilinearFormIntegrator*> &bdrFaceIntegrators = *a->GetBFBFI();
   const int bFISz = bdrFaceIntegrators.Size();
-   if (bdr_face_restrict_lex && bFISz>0)
+   if (!factorize_face_terms && bdr_face_restrict_lex && bFISz>0)
   {
      // Apply the Boundary Face Restriction
      bdr_face_restrict_lex->Mult(x, faceBdrX);
@@ -595,6 +614,139 @@ void EABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
   }
 }

+// Data and methods for fully-assembled bilinear forms
+FABilinearFormExtension::FABilinearFormExtension(BilinearForm *form)
+   : EABilinearFormExtension(form),
+     mat(form->FESpace()->GetVSize(),form->FESpace()->GetVSize(),0),
+     face_mat(form->FESpace()->GetVSize(),0,0),
+     use_face_mat(false)
+{
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_MPI
+   if ( ParFiniteElementSpace* pfes =
+           dynamic_cast<ParFiniteElementSpace*>(form->FESpace()) )
+   {
+      if (pfes->IsDGSpace())
+      {
+         use_face_mat = true;
+         pfes->ExchangeFaceNbrData();
+         face_mat.SetWidth(pfes->GetFaceNbrVSize());
+      }
+   }
+#endif
+}
+
+void FABilinearFormExtension::Assemble()
+{
+   EABilinearFormExtension::Assemble();
+   FiniteElementSpace &fes = *a->FESpace();
+   if (fes.IsDGSpace())
+   {
+      const L2ElementRestriction *restE =
+         static_cast<const L2ElementRestriction*>(elem_restrict);
+      const L2FaceRestriction *restF =
+         static_cast<const L2FaceRestriction*>(int_face_restrict_lex);
+      // 1. Fill I
+      //  1.1 Increment with restE
+      restE->FillI(mat);
+      //  1.2 Increment with restF
+      if (restF) { restF->FillI(mat, face_mat); }
+      //  1.3 Sum the non-zeros in I
+      auto h_I = mat.HostReadWriteI();
+      int cpt = 0;
+      const int vd = fes.GetVDim();
+      const int ndofs = ne*elemDofs*vd;
+      for (int i = 0; i < ndofs; i++)
+      {
+         const int nnz = h_I[i];
+         h_I[i] = cpt;
+         cpt += nnz;
+      }
+      const int nnz = cpt;
+      h_I[ndofs] = nnz;
+      mat.GetMemoryJ().New(nnz, mat.GetMemoryJ().GetMemoryType());
+      mat.GetMemoryData().New(nnz, mat.GetMemoryData().GetMemoryType());
+      if (use_face_mat && restF)
+      {
+         auto h_I_face = face_mat.HostReadWriteI();
+         int cpt = 0;
+         for (int i = 0; i < ndofs; i++)
+         {
+            const int nnz = h_I_face[i];
+            h_I_face[i] = cpt;
+            cpt += nnz;
+         }
+         const int nnz_face = cpt;
+         h_I_face[ndofs] = nnz_face;
+         face_mat.GetMemoryJ().New(nnz_face,
+                                   face_mat.GetMemoryJ().GetMemoryType());
+         face_mat.GetMemoryData().New(nnz_face,
+                                      face_mat.GetMemoryData().GetMemoryType());
+      }
+      // 2. Fill J and Data
+      // 2.1 Fill J and Data with Elem ea_data
+      restE->FillJAndData(ea_data, mat);
+      // 2.2 Fill J and Data with Face ea_data_ext
+      if (restF) { restF->FillJAndData(ea_data_ext, mat, face_mat); }
+      // 2.3 Shift indirections in I back to original
+      auto I = mat.HostReadWriteI();
+      for (int i = ndofs; i > 0; i--)
+      {
+         I[i] = I[i-1];
+      }
+      I[0] = 0;
+      if (use_face_mat && restF)
+      {
+         auto I_face = face_mat.HostReadWriteI();
+         for (int i = ndofs; i > 0; i--)
+         {
+            I_face[i] = I_face[i-1];
+         }
+         I_face[0] = 0;
+      }
+   }
+   else // continuous Galerkin case
+   {
+      const ElementRestriction &rest =
+         static_cast<const ElementRestriction&>(*elem_restrict);
+      rest.FillSparseMatrix(ea_data, mat);
+   }
+}
+
+void FABilinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
+{
+   mat.Mult(x, y);
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_MPI
+   if (const ParFiniteElementSpace *pfes =
+          dynamic_cast<const ParFiniteElementSpace*>(testFes))
+   {
+      ParGridFunction x_gf;
+      x_gf.MakeRef(const_cast<ParFiniteElementSpace*>(pfes),
+                   const_cast<Vector&>(x),0);
+      x_gf.ExchangeFaceNbrData();
+      Vector &shared_x = x_gf.FaceNbrData();
+      if (shared_x.Size()) { face_mat.AddMult(shared_x, y); }
+   }
+#endif
+}
+
+void FABilinearFormExtension::MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
+{
+   mat.MultTranspose(x, y);
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_MPI
+   if (const ParFiniteElementSpace *pfes =
+          dynamic_cast<const ParFiniteElementSpace*>(testFes))
+   {
+      ParGridFunction x_gf;
+      x_gf.MakeRef(const_cast<ParFiniteElementSpace*>(pfes),
+                   const_cast<Vector&>(x),0);
+      x_gf.ExchangeFaceNbrData();
+      Vector &shared_x = x_gf.FaceNbrData();
+      if (shared_x.Size()) { face_mat.AddMultTranspose(shared_x, y); }
+   }
+#endif
+}
+
+
 MixedBilinearFormExtension::MixedBilinearFormExtension(MixedBilinearForm *form)
   : Operator(form->Height(), form->Width()), a(form)
 {
@@ -62,27 +62,6 @@ public:
   virtual void Update() = 0;
 };

-/** @brief Data and methods for fully-assembled bilinear forms.
-    Not yet implemented!  Use the BilinearForm Class instead. */
-class FABilinearFormExtension : public BilinearFormExtension
-{
-public:
-   FABilinearFormExtension(BilinearForm *form)
-      : BilinearFormExtension(form) { }
-
-   /// TODO
-   void Assemble() {}
-   void FormSystemMatrix(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list, OperatorHandle &A) {}
-   void FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
-                         Vector &x, Vector &b,
-                         OperatorHandle &A, Vector &X, Vector &B,
-                         int copy_interior = 0) {}
-   void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const {}
-   void MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const {}
-   void Update() {}
-   ~FABilinearFormExtension() {}
-};
-
 /// Data and methods for partially-assembled bilinear forms
 class PABilinearFormExtension : public BilinearFormExtension
 {
@@ -119,10 +98,12 @@ class EABilinearFormExtension : public PABilinearFormExtension
 protected:
   int ne;
   int elemDofs;
+   // The element matrices are stored row major
   Vector ea_data;
   int nf_int, nf_bdr;
   int faceDofs;
   Vector ea_data_int, ea_data_ext, ea_data_bdr;
+   bool factorize_face_terms;

 public:
   EABilinearFormExtension(BilinearForm *form);
@@ -132,6 +113,23 @@ public:
   void MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
 };

+/// Data and methods for fully-assembled bilinear forms
+class FABilinearFormExtension : public EABilinearFormExtension
+{
+private:
+   SparseMatrix mat;
+   /// face_mat handles parallelism for DG face terms.
+   SparseMatrix face_mat;
+   bool use_face_mat;
+
+public:
+   FABilinearFormExtension(BilinearForm *form);
+
+   void Assemble();
+   void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
+   void MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
+};
+
 /// Data and methods for matrix-free bilinear forms NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
 class MFBilinearFormExtension : public BilinearFormExtension
 {
@@ -1685,6 +1685,22 @@ protected:
   {
      trial_fe.CalcPhysCurlShape(Trans, shape);
   }
+
+   using BilinearFormIntegrator::AssemblePA;
+   virtual void AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace &trial_fes,
+                           const FiniteElementSpace &test_fes);
+
+   virtual void AddMultPA(const Vector&, Vector&) const;
+
+private:
+   // PA extension
+   Vector pa_data;
+   const DofToQuad *mapsO;         ///< Not owned. DOF-to-quad map, open.
+   const DofToQuad *mapsC;         ///< Not owned. DOF-to-quad map, closed.
+   const DofToQuad *mapsOtest;     ///< Not owned. DOF-to-quad map, open.
+   const DofToQuad *mapsCtest;     ///< Not owned. DOF-to-quad map, closed.
+   const GeometricFactors *geom;   ///< Not owned
+   int dim, ne, dofs1D, dofs1Dtest,quad1D, testType, trialType, coeffDim;
 };

 /** Class for integrating the bilinear form a(u,v) := (Q u, curl v) in 3D and
@@ -1724,6 +1740,20 @@ protected:
   {
      test_fe.CalcPhysCurlShape(Trans, shape);
   }
+
+   using BilinearFormIntegrator::AssemblePA;
+   virtual void AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace &trial_fes,
+                           const FiniteElementSpace &test_fes);
+
+   virtual void AddMultPA(const Vector&, Vector&) const;
+
+private:
+   // PA extension
+   Vector pa_data;
+   const DofToQuad *mapsO;         ///< Not owned. DOF-to-quad map, open.
+   const DofToQuad *mapsC;         ///< Not owned. DOF-to-quad map, closed.
+   const GeometricFactors *geom;   ///< Not owned
+   int dim, ne, dofs1D, quad1D, testType, trialType, coeffDim;
 };

 /** Class for integrating the bilinear form a(u,v) := - (Q u, grad v) in either
@@ -1924,7 +1954,7 @@ public:
   static const IntegrationRule &GetRule(const FiniteElement &trial_fe,
                                         const FiniteElement &test_fe);

-   void SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, const bool force = false);
+   void SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes);
 };

 /** Class for local mass matrix assembling a(u,v) := (Q u, v) */
@@ -2000,7 +2030,7 @@ public:
                                         const FiniteElement &test_fe,
                                         ElementTransformation &Trans);

-   void SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, const bool force = false);
+   void SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes);
 };

 /** Mass integrator (u, v) restricted to the boundary of a domain */
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ static void EAConvectionAssemble1D(const int NE,
   auto B = Reshape(b.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto G = Reshape(g.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, NE);
-   auto A = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto A = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, 1,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ static void EAConvectionAssemble1D(const int NE,
            {
               val += r_Bj[k1] * D(k1, e) * r_Gi[k1];
            }
-            A(i1, j1, e) = val;
+            A(i1, j1, e) += val;
         }
      }
   });
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ static void EAConvectionAssemble2D(const int NE,
   auto B = Reshape(b.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto G = Reshape(g.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, Q1D, 2, NE);
-   auto A = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto A = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, 1,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ static void EAConvectionAssemble2D(const int NE,
                               * r_B[k1][j1]* r_B[k2][j2];
                     }
                  }
-                  A(i1, i2, j1, j2, e) = val;
+                  A(i1, i2, j1, j2, e) += val;
               }
            }
         }
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ static void EAConvectionAssemble3D(const int NE,
   auto B = Reshape(b.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto G = Reshape(g.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, Q1D, Q1D, 3, NE);
-   auto A = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto A = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, D1D,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ static void EAConvectionAssemble3D(const int NE,
                              }
                           }
                        }
-                        A(i1, i2, i3, j1, j2, j3, e) = val;
+                        A(i1, i2, i3, j1, j2, j3, e) += val;
                     }
                  }
               }
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 #include "bilininteg.hpp"
 #include "gridfunc.hpp"

+#include "restriction.hpp"
+#include "tmop_pa.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/kernels.hpp"
+
 using namespace std;

 namespace mfem
@@ -68,47 +72,53 @@ static void PAConvectionSetup3D(const int Q1D,
                                const double alpha,
                                Vector &op)
 {
-   const int NQ = Q1D*Q1D*Q1D;
-   auto W = w.Read();
-   auto J = Reshape(j.Read(), NQ, 3, 3, NE);
+   const auto W = Reshape(w.Read(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D);
+   const auto J = Reshape(j.Read(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D,3,3,NE);
   const bool const_v = vel.Size() == 3;
-   auto V =
-      const_v ? Reshape(vel.Read(), 3,1,1) : Reshape(vel.Read(), 3,NQ,NE);
-   auto y = Reshape(op.Write(), NQ, 3, NE);
-   MFEM_FORALL(e, NE,
+   const auto V = const_v ?
+                  Reshape(vel.Read(), 3,1,1,1,1) :
+                  Reshape(vel.Read(), 3,Q1D,Q1D,Q1D,NE);
+   auto y = Reshape(op.Write(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D,3,NE);
+   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D,
   {
-      for (int q = 0; q < NQ; ++q)
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
      {
-         const double J11 = J(q,0,0,e);
-         const double J21 = J(q,1,0,e);
-         const double J31 = J(q,2,0,e);
-         const double J12 = J(q,0,1,e);
-         const double J22 = J(q,1,1,e);
-         const double J32 = J(q,2,1,e);
-         const double J13 = J(q,0,2,e);
-         const double J23 = J(q,1,2,e);
-         const double J33 = J(q,2,2,e);
-         const double w = alpha * W[q];
-         const double v0 = const_v ? V(0,0,0) : V(0,q,e);
-         const double v1 = const_v ? V(1,0,0) : V(1,q,e);
-         const double v2 = const_v ? V(2,0,0) : V(2,q,e);
-         const double wx = w * v0;
-         const double wy = w * v1;
-         const double wz = w * v2;
-         // adj(J)
-         const double A11 = (J22 * J33) - (J23 * J32);
-         const double A12 = (J32 * J13) - (J12 * J33);
-         const double A13 = (J12 * J23) - (J22 * J13);
-         const double A21 = (J31 * J23) - (J21 * J33);
-         const double A22 = (J11 * J33) - (J13 * J31);
-         const double A23 = (J21 * J13) - (J11 * J23);
-         const double A31 = (J21 * J32) - (J31 * J22);
-         const double A32 = (J31 * J12) - (J11 * J32);
-         const double A33 = (J11 * J22) - (J12 * J21);
-         // q . J^{-1} = q . adj(J)
-         y(q,0,e) =  wx * A11 + wy * A12 + wz * A13;
-         y(q,1,e) =  wx * A21 + wy * A22 + wz * A23;
-         y(q,2,e) =  wx * A31 + wy * A32 + wz * A33;
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
+            {
+               const double J11 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,0,e);
+               const double J12 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,1,e);
+               const double J13 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,2,e);
+               const double J21 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,0,e);
+               const double J22 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,1,e);
+               const double J23 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,2,e);
+               const double J31 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,0,e);
+               const double J32 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,1,e);
+               const double J33 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,2,e);
+               const double w = alpha * W(qx,qy,qz);
+               const double v0 = const_v ? V(0,0,0,0,0) : V(0,qx,qy,qz,e);
+               const double v1 = const_v ? V(1,0,0,0,0) : V(1,qx,qy,qz,e);
+               const double v2 = const_v ? V(2,0,0,0,0) : V(2,qx,qy,qz,e);
+               const double wx = w * v0;
+               const double wy = w * v1;
+               const double wz = w * v2;
+               // adj(J)
+               const double A11 = (J22 * J33) - (J23 * J32);
+               const double A12 = (J32 * J13) - (J12 * J33);
+               const double A13 = (J12 * J23) - (J22 * J13);
+               const double A21 = (J31 * J23) - (J21 * J33);
+               const double A22 = (J11 * J33) - (J13 * J31);
+               const double A23 = (J21 * J13) - (J11 * J23);
+               const double A31 = (J21 * J32) - (J31 * J22);
+               const double A32 = (J31 * J12) - (J11 * J32);
+               const double A33 = (J11 * J22) - (J12 * J21);
+               // q . J^{-1} = q . adj(J)
+               y(qx,qy,qz,0,e) = wx * A11 + wy * A12 + wz * A13;
+               y(qx,qy,qz,1,e) = wx * A21 + wy * A22 + wz * A23;
+               y(qx,qy,qz,2,e) = wx * A31 + wy * A32 + wz * A33;
+            }
+         }
      }
   });
 }
@@ -184,8 +194,8 @@ void PAConvectionApply2D(const int ne,
            Gu[dy][qx] = 0.0;
            for (int dx = 0; dx < D1D; ++dx)
            {
-               const double bx  = B(qx,dx);
-               const double gx  = G(qx,dx);
+               const double bx = B(qx,dx);
+               const double gx = G(qx,dx);
               const double x = u[dy][dx];
               Bu[dy][qx] += bx * x;
               Gu[dy][qx] += gx * x;
@@ -202,8 +212,8 @@ void PAConvectionApply2D(const int ne,
            BGu[qy][qx] = 0.0;
            for (int dy = 0; dy < D1D; ++dy)
            {
-               const double bx  = B(qy,dy);
-               const double gx  = G(qy,dy);
+               const double bx = B(qy,dy);
+               const double gx = G(qy,dy);
               GBu[qy][qx] += gx * Bu[dy][qx];
               BGu[qy][qx] += bx * Gu[dy][qx];
            }
@@ -232,7 +242,7 @@ void PAConvectionApply2D(const int ne,
            BDGu[dy][qx] = 0.0;
            for (int qy = 0; qy < Q1D; ++qy)
            {
-               const double w  = Bt(dy,qy);
+               const double w = Bt(dy,qy);
               BDGu[dy][qx] += w * DGu[qy][qx];
            }
         }
@@ -244,7 +254,7 @@ void PAConvectionApply2D(const int ne,
            double BBDGu = 0.0;
            for (int qx = 0; qx < Q1D; ++qx)
            {
-               const double w  = Bt(dx,qx);
+               const double w = Bt(dx,qx);
               BBDGu += w * BDGu[dy][qx];
            }
            y(dx,dy,e) += BBDGu;
@@ -310,7 +320,7 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply2D(const int ne,
            {
               const double bx = B(qx,dx);
               const double gx = G(qx,dx);
-               const double x  = u[tidz][dy][dx];
+               const double x = u[tidz][dy][dx];
               Bu[tidz][dy][qx] += bx * x;
               Gu[tidz][dy][qx] += gx * x;
            }
@@ -327,8 +337,8 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply2D(const int ne,
            BGu[tidz][qy][qx] = 0.0;
            for (int dy = 0; dy < D1D; ++dy)
            {
-               const double bx  = B(qy,dy);
-               const double gx  = G(qy,dy);
+               const double bx = B(qy,dy);
+               const double gx = G(qy,dy);
               GBu[tidz][qy][qx] += gx * Bu[tidz][dy][qx];
               BGu[tidz][qy][qx] += bx * Gu[tidz][dy][qx];
            }
@@ -359,7 +369,7 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply2D(const int ne,
            BDGu[tidz][dy][qx] = 0.0;
            for (int qy = 0; qy < Q1D; ++qy)
            {
-               const double w  = Bt(dy,qy);
+               const double w = Bt(dy,qy);
               BDGu[tidz][dy][qx] += w * DGu[tidz][qy][qx];
            }
         }
@@ -372,7 +382,7 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply2D(const int ne,
            double BBDGu = 0.0;
            for (int qx = 0; qx < Q1D; ++qx)
            {
-               const double w  = Bt(dx,qx);
+               const double w = Bt(dx,qx);
               BBDGu += w * BDGu[tidz][dy][qx];
            }
            y(dx,dy,e) += BBDGu;
@@ -436,8 +446,8 @@ void PAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               Gu[dz][dy][qx] = 0.0;
               for (int dx = 0; dx < D1D; ++dx)
               {
-                  const double bx  = B(qx,dx);
-                  const double gx  = G(qx,dx);
+                  const double bx = B(qx,dx);
+                  const double gx = G(qx,dx);
                  const double x = u[dz][dy][dx];
                  Bu[dz][dy][qx] += bx * x;
                  Gu[dz][dy][qx] += gx * x;
@@ -459,8 +469,8 @@ void PAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               BGu[dz][qy][qx] = 0.0;
               for (int dy = 0; dy < D1D; ++dy)
               {
-                  const double bx  = B(qy,dy);
-                  const double gx  = G(qy,dy);
+                  const double bx = B(qy,dy);
+                  const double gx = G(qy,dy);
                  BBu[dz][qy][qx] += bx * Bu[dz][dy][qx];
                  GBu[dz][qy][qx] += gx * Bu[dz][dy][qx];
                  BGu[dz][qy][qx] += bx * Gu[dz][dy][qx];
@@ -482,8 +492,8 @@ void PAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               BBGu[qz][qy][qx] = 0.0;
               for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
               {
-                  const double bx  = B(qz,dz);
-                  const double gx  = G(qz,dz);
+                  const double bx = B(qz,dz);
+                  const double gx = G(qz,dz);
                  GBBu[qz][qy][qx] += gx * BBu[dz][qy][qx];
                  BGBu[qz][qy][qx] += bx * GBu[dz][qy][qx];
                  BBGu[qz][qy][qx] += bx * BGu[dz][qy][qx];
@@ -521,7 +531,7 @@ void PAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               BDGu[dz][qy][qx] = 0.0;
               for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz)
               {
-                  const double w  = Bt(dz,qz);
+                  const double w = Bt(dz,qz);
                  BDGu[dz][qy][qx] += w * DGu[qz][qy][qx];
               }
            }
@@ -537,7 +547,7 @@ void PAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               BBDGu[dz][dy][qx] = 0.0;
               for (int qy = 0; qy < Q1D; ++qy)
               {
-                  const double w  = Bt(dy,qy);
+                  const double w = Bt(dy,qy);
                  BBDGu[dz][dy][qx] += w * BDGu[dz][qy][qx];
               }
            }
@@ -552,7 +562,7 @@ void PAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               double BBBDGu = 0.0;
               for (int qx = 0; qx < Q1D; ++qx)
               {
-                  const double w  = Bt(dx,qx);
+                  const double w = Bt(dx,qx);
                  BBBDGu += w * BBDGu[dz][dy][qx];
               }
               y(dx,dy,dz,e) += BBBDGu;
@@ -625,8 +635,8 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               double Gu_ = 0.0;
               for (int dx = 0; dx < D1D; ++dx)
               {
-                  const double bx  = B(qx,dx);
-                  const double gx  = G(qx,dx);
+                  const double bx = B(qx,dx);
+                  const double gx = G(qx,dx);
                  const double x = u[dz][dy][dx];
                  Bu_ += bx * x;
                  Gu_ += gx * x;
@@ -651,8 +661,8 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               double BGu_ = 0.0;
               for (int dy = 0; dy < D1D; ++dy)
               {
-                  const double bx  = B(qy,dy);
-                  const double gx  = G(qy,dy);
+                  const double bx = B(qy,dy);
+                  const double gx = G(qy,dy);
                  BBu_ += bx * Bu[dz][dy][qx];
                  GBu_ += gx * Bu[dz][dy][qx];
                  BGu_ += bx * Gu[dz][dy][qx];
@@ -678,8 +688,8 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               double BBGu_ = 0.0;
               for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
               {
-                  const double bx  = B(qz,dz);
-                  const double gx  = G(qz,dz);
+                  const double bx = B(qz,dz);
+                  const double gx = G(qz,dz);
                  GBBu_ += gx * BBu[dz][qy][qx];
                  BGBu_ += bx * GBu[dz][qy][qx];
                  BBGu_ += bx * BGu[dz][qy][qx];
@@ -721,7 +731,7 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               double BDGu_ = 0.0;
               for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz)
               {
-                  const double w  = Bt(dz,qz);
+                  const double w = Bt(dz,qz);
                  BDGu_ += w * DGu[qz][qy][qx];
               }
               BDGu[dz][qy][qx] = BDGu_;
@@ -739,7 +749,7 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               double BBDGu_ = 0.0;
               for (int qy = 0; qy < Q1D; ++qy)
               {
-                  const double w  = Bt(dy,qy);
+                  const double w = Bt(dy,qy);
                  BBDGu_ += w * BDGu[dz][qy][qx];
               }
               BBDGu[dz][dy][qx] = BBDGu_;
@@ -756,7 +766,7 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
               double BBBDGu = 0.0;
               for (int qx = 0; qx < Q1D; ++qx)
               {
-                  const double w  = Bt(dx,qx);
+                  const double w = Bt(dx,qx);
                  BBBDGu += w * BBDGu[dz][dy][qx];
               }
               y(dx,dy,dz,e) = BBBDGu;
@@ -766,6 +776,117 @@ void SmemPAConvectionApply3D(const int ne,
   });
 }

+template<int T_VDIM = 0, int T_D1D = 0, int T_Q1D = 0, int T_MAX = 0>
+static void QEvalVGF2D(const int NE,
+                       const double *b_,
+                       const double *x_,
+                       double *y_,
+                       const int vdim = 1,
+                       const int d1d = 0,
+                       const int q1d = 0)
+{
+   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+   const int VDIM = T_VDIM ? T_VDIM : vdim;
+
+   const auto b = Reshape(b_, Q1D, D1D);
+   const auto X = Reshape(x_, D1D, D1D, VDIM, NE);
+   auto C = Reshape(y_, VDIM, Q1D, Q1D, NE);
+
+   MFEM_FORALL_2D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, 1,
+   {
+      constexpr int NBZ = 1;
+      constexpr int MQ1 = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : T_MAX;
+      constexpr int MD1 = T_D1D ? T_D1D : T_MAX;
+
+      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+      const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+      const int VDIM = T_VDIM ? T_VDIM : vdim;
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double B[MQ1*MD1];
+      mfem::kernels::LoadB<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,b,B);
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double DD[NBZ][MD1*MD1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double DQ[NBZ][MD1*MQ1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double QQ[NBZ][MQ1*MQ1];
+
+      for (int c = 0; c < VDIM; c++)
+      {
+         mfem::kernels::LoadX<MD1,NBZ>(e,D1D,c,X,DD);
+         mfem::kernels::EvalX<MD1,MQ1,NBZ>(D1D,Q1D,B,DD,DQ);
+         mfem::kernels::EvalY<MD1,MQ1,NBZ>(D1D,Q1D,B,DQ,QQ);
+
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+            {
+               double G;
+               mfem::kernels::PullEval<MQ1,NBZ>(qx,qy,QQ,G);
+               C(c,qx,qy,e) = G;
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+      }
+   });
+}
+
+template<int T_VDIM = 0, int T_D1D = 0, int T_Q1D = 0, int T_MAX = 0>
+static void QEvalVGF3D(const int NE,
+                       const double *b_,
+                       const double *x_,
+                       double *y_,
+                       const int vdim = 1,
+                       const int d1d = 0,
+                       const int q1d = 0)
+{
+   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+   const int VDIM = T_VDIM ? T_VDIM : vdim;
+
+   const auto b = Reshape(b_, Q1D, D1D);
+   const auto X = Reshape(x_, D1D, D1D, D1D, VDIM, NE);
+   auto C = Reshape(y_, VDIM, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D, NE);
+
+   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D,
+   {
+      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+      const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+      const int VDIM = T_VDIM ? T_VDIM : vdim;
+      constexpr int MQ1 = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : T_MAX;
+      constexpr int MD1 = T_D1D ? T_D1D : T_MAX;
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double B[MQ1*MD1];
+      mfem::kernels::LoadB<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,b,B);
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double DDD[MD1*MD1*MD1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double DDQ[MD1*MD1*MQ1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double DQQ[MD1*MQ1*MQ1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double QQQ[MQ1*MQ1*MQ1];
+
+      for (int c = 0; c < VDIM; c++)
+      {
+         mfem::kernels::LoadX<MD1>(e,D1D,c,X,DDD);
+         mfem::kernels::EvalX<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,B,DDD,DDQ);
+         mfem::kernels::EvalY<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,B,DDQ,DQQ);
+         mfem::kernels::EvalZ<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,B,DQQ,QQQ);
+
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+            {
+               MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
+               {
+                  double G;
+                  mfem::kernels::PullEval<MQ1>(qx,qy,qz,QQQ,G);
+                  C(c,qx,qy,qz,e) = G;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+      }
+   });
+}
+
 void ConvectionIntegrator::AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes)
 {
   // Assumes tensor-product elements
@@ -778,16 +899,104 @@ void ConvectionIntegrator::AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes)
   const int nq = ir->GetNPoints();
   dim = mesh->Dimension();
   ne = fes.GetNE();
-   geom = mesh->GetGeometricFactors(*ir, GeometricFactors::JACOBIANS);
-   maps = &el.GetDofToQuad(*ir, DofToQuad::TENSOR);
+   const DofToQuad::Mode mode = DofToQuad::TENSOR;
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_UMPIRE
+   const MemoryType temp_type = Device::GetDeviceMemoryType() == MemoryType::DEVICE_UMPIRE
+      ? MemoryType::DEVICE_UMPIRE_2 : Device::GetDeviceMemoryType();
+#else
+   const MemoryType temp_type = Device::GetDeviceMemoryType();
+#endif
+
+   geom = mesh->GetGeometricFactors(*ir, GeometricFactors::JACOBIANS, mode, temp_type);
+   maps = &el.GetDofToQuad(*ir, mode);
   dofs1D = maps->ndof;
   quad1D = maps->nqpt;
-   pa_data.SetSize(symmDims * nq * ne, Device::GetMemoryType());
+   pa_data.SetSize(symmDims * nq * ne, temp_type);
   Vector vel;
-   if (VectorConstantCoefficient *cQ = dynamic_cast<VectorConstantCoefficient*>(Q))
+   if (VectorConstantCoefficient *cQ =
+          dynamic_cast<VectorConstantCoefficient*>(Q))
   {
      vel = cQ->GetVec();
   }
+   else if (VectorGridFunctionCoefficient *vgfQ =
+               dynamic_cast<VectorGridFunctionCoefficient*>(Q))
+   {
+      Vector xe;
+      vel.SetSize(dim * nq * ne, temp_type);
+
+      const GridFunction *gf = vgfQ->GetGridFunction();
+      const ElementDofOrdering ordering = ElementDofOrdering::LEXICOGRAPHIC;
+      const FiniteElementSpace &gf_fes = *gf->FESpace();
+
+      const int vdim = gf_fes.GetVDim();
+      const Operator *R = gf_fes.GetElementRestriction(ordering);
+      const FiniteElement &el_gf = *gf_fes.GetFE(0);
+      const DofToQuad *maps_gf = &el_gf.GetDofToQuad(*ir, mode);
+      const int D1D = maps_gf->ndof;
+      const int Q1D = maps_gf->nqpt;
+
+      MFEM_VERIFY(R,"");
+      MFEM_VERIFY(vdim == dim, "");
+      MFEM_VERIFY(dim==2 || dim==3,"");
+
+      xe.SetSize(R->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
+      xe.UseDevice(true);
+      R->Mult(*gf, xe);
+
+      const auto B = maps_gf->B.Read();
+      const auto x = xe.Read();
+      auto y = vel.Write();
+
+      const int id = (D1D << 4 ) | Q1D;
+      if (dim == 2)
+      {
+         switch (id)
+         {
+            case 0x22: QEvalVGF2D<2,2,2>(ne,B,x,y); break;
+            case 0x33: QEvalVGF2D<2,3,3>(ne,B,x,y); break;
+            case 0x34: QEvalVGF2D<2,3,4>(ne,B,x,y); break;
+            default:
+            {
+               constexpr int MAX_DQ = 8;
+               MFEM_VERIFY(D1D <= MAX_DQ, "");
+               MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MAX_DQ, "");
+               QEvalVGF2D<0,0,0,MAX_DQ>(ne,B,x,y,vdim,D1D,Q1D);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      if (dim == 3)
+      {
+         switch (id)
+         {
+            case 0x23: QEvalVGF3D<3,2,3>(ne,B,x,y); break;
+            case 0x34: QEvalVGF3D<3,3,4>(ne,B,x,y); break;
+            case 0x35: QEvalVGF3D<3,3,5>(ne,B,x,y); break;
+            case 0x46: QEvalVGF3D<3,4,6>(ne,B,x,y); break;
+            case 0x48: QEvalVGF3D<3,4,8>(ne,B,x,y); break;
+            default:
+            {
+               constexpr int MAX_DQ = 6;
+               MFEM_VERIFY(D1D <= MAX_DQ, "");
+               MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MAX_DQ, "");
+               QEvalVGF3D<0,0,0,MAX_DQ>(ne,B,x,y,vdim,D1D,Q1D);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+   else if (VectorQuadratureFunctionCoefficient* cQ =
+               dynamic_cast<VectorQuadratureFunctionCoefficient*>(Q))
+   {
+      const QuadratureFunction &qFun = cQ->GetQuadFunction();
+      MFEM_VERIFY(qFun.Size() == dim * nq * ne,
+                  "Incompatible QuadratureFunction dimension \n");
+
+      MFEM_VERIFY(ir == &qFun.GetSpace()->GetElementIntRule(0),
+                  "IntegrationRule used within integrator and in"
+                  " QuadratureFunction appear to be different");
+
+      qFun.Read();
+      vel.MakeRef(const_cast<QuadratureFunction &>(qFun),0);
+   }
   else
   {
      vel.SetSize(dim * nq * ne);
@@ -827,9 +1036,12 @@ static void PAConvectionApply(const int dim,
      switch ((D1D << 4 ) | Q1D)
      {
         case 0x22: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<2,2,8>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
-         case 0x33: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<3,3,3>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
-         case 0x44: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<4,4,2>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x33: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<3,3,4>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x34: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<3,4,4>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x44: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<4,4,4>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x46: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<4,6,4>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x55: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<5,5,2>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x58: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<5,8,2>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x66: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<6,6,1>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x77: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<7,7,1>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x88: return SmemPAConvectionApply2D<8,8,1>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
@@ -842,8 +1054,12 @@ static void PAConvectionApply(const int dim,
      switch ((D1D << 4 ) | Q1D)
      {
         case 0x23: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<2,3>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x24: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<2,4>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x26: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<2,6>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x34: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<3,4>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x35: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<3,5>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x45: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<4,5>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
+         case 0x48: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<4,8>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x56: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<5,6>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x67: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<6,7>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
         case 0x78: return SmemPAConvectionApply3D<7,8>(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,op,x,y);
@@ -167,6 +167,19 @@ void DGTraceIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, FaceType type)
      r.SetSize(1);
      r(0) = c_rho->constant;
   }
+   else if (QuadratureFunctionCoefficient* c_rho =
+               dynamic_cast<QuadratureFunctionCoefficient*>(rho))
+   {
+      const QuadratureFunction &qFun = c_rho->GetQuadFunction();
+      MFEM_VERIFY(qFun.Size() == nq * nf,
+                  "Incompatible QuadratureFunction dimension \n");
+
+      MFEM_VERIFY(ir == &qFun.GetSpace()->GetElementIntRule(0),
+                  "IntegrationRule used within integrator and in"
+                  " QuadratureFunction appear to be different");
+      qFun.Read();
+      r.MakeRef(const_cast<QuadratureFunction &>(qFun),0);
+   }
   else
   {
      r.SetSize(nq * nf);
@@ -200,6 +213,20 @@ void DGTraceIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, FaceType type)
   {
      vel = c_u->GetVec();
   }
+   else if (VectorQuadratureFunctionCoefficient* c_u =
+               dynamic_cast<VectorQuadratureFunctionCoefficient*>(u))
+   {
+      // Assumed to be in lexicographical ordering
+      const QuadratureFunction &qFun = c_u->GetQuadFunction();
+      MFEM_VERIFY(qFun.Size() == dim * nq * nf,
+                  "Incompatible QuadratureFunction dimension \n");
+
+      MFEM_VERIFY(ir == &qFun.GetSpace()->GetElementIntRule(0),
+                  "IntegrationRule used within integrator and in"
+                  " QuadratureFunction appear to be different");
+      qFun.Read();
+      vel.MakeRef(const_cast<QuadratureFunction &>(qFun),0);
+   }
   else
   {
      vel.SetSize(dim * nq * nf);
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ static void EADiffusionAssemble1D(const int NE,
   MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MAX_Q1D, "");
   auto G = Reshape(g.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, NE);
-   auto A = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto A = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, 1,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void EADiffusionAssemble1D(const int NE,
            {
               val += r_Gj[k1] * D(k1, e) * r_Gi[k1];
            }
-            A(i1, j1, e) = val;
+            A(i1, j1, e) += val;
         }
      }
   });
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ static void EADiffusionAssemble2D(const int NE,
   auto B = Reshape(b.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto G = Reshape(g.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, Q1D, 3, NE);
-   auto A = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto A = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, 1,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ static void EADiffusionAssemble2D(const int NE,
                               + gbi * D11 * gbj;
                     }
                  }
-                  A(i1, i2, j1, j2, e) = val;
+                  A(i1, i2, j1, j2, e) += val;
               }
            }
         }
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ static void EADiffusionAssemble3D(const int NE,
   auto B = Reshape(b.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto G = Reshape(g.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, Q1D, Q1D, 6, NE);
-   auto A = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto A = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, D1D,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ static void EADiffusionAssemble3D(const int NE,
                              }
                           }
                        }
-                        A(i1, i2, i3, j1, j2, j3, e) = val;
+                        A(i1, i2, i3, j1, j2, j3, e) += val;
                     }
                  }
               }
@@ -170,47 +170,53 @@ static void PADiffusionSetup3D(const int Q1D,
                               const Vector &c,
                               Vector &d)
 {
-   const int NQ = Q1D*Q1D*Q1D;
   const bool const_c = c.Size() == 1;
-   auto W = w.Read();
-   auto J = Reshape(j.Read(), NQ, 3, 3, NE);
-   auto C = const_c ? Reshape(c.Read(), 1, 1) : Reshape(c.Read(), NQ, NE);
-   auto D = Reshape(d.Write(), NQ, 6, NE);
-   MFEM_FORALL(e, NE,
+   const auto W = Reshape(w.Read(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D);
+   const auto J = Reshape(j.Read(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D,3,3,NE);
+   const auto C = const_c ? Reshape(c.Read(), 1,1,1,1) :
+                  Reshape(c.Read(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D,NE);
+   auto D = Reshape(d.Write(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D, 6, NE);
+   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D,
   {
-      for (int q = 0; q < NQ; ++q)
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
      {
-         const double J11 = J(q,0,0,e);
-         const double J21 = J(q,1,0,e);
-         const double J31 = J(q,2,0,e);
-         const double J12 = J(q,0,1,e);
-         const double J22 = J(q,1,1,e);
-         const double J32 = J(q,2,1,e);
-         const double J13 = J(q,0,2,e);
-         const double J23 = J(q,1,2,e);
-         const double J33 = J(q,2,2,e);
-         const double detJ = J11 * (J22 * J33 - J32 * J23) -
-         /* */               J21 * (J12 * J33 - J32 * J13) +
-         /* */               J31 * (J12 * J23 - J22 * J13);
-         const double coeff = const_c ? C(0,0) : C(q,e);
-         const double c_detJ = W[q] * coeff / detJ;
-         // adj(J)
-         const double A11 = (J22 * J33) - (J23 * J32);
-         const double A12 = (J32 * J13) - (J12 * J33);
-         const double A13 = (J12 * J23) - (J22 * J13);
-         const double A21 = (J31 * J23) - (J21 * J33);
-         const double A22 = (J11 * J33) - (J13 * J31);
-         const double A23 = (J21 * J13) - (J11 * J23);
-         const double A31 = (J21 * J32) - (J31 * J22);
-         const double A32 = (J31 * J12) - (J11 * J32);
-         const double A33 = (J11 * J22) - (J12 * J21);
-         // detJ J^{-1} J^{-T} = (1/detJ) adj(J) adj(J)^T
-         D(q,0,e) = c_detJ * (A11*A11 + A12*A12 + A13*A13); // 1,1
-         D(q,1,e) = c_detJ * (A11*A21 + A12*A22 + A13*A23); // 2,1
-         D(q,2,e) = c_detJ * (A11*A31 + A12*A32 + A13*A33); // 3,1
-         D(q,3,e) = c_detJ * (A21*A21 + A22*A22 + A23*A23); // 2,2
-         D(q,4,e) = c_detJ * (A21*A31 + A22*A32 + A23*A33); // 3,2
-         D(q,5,e) = c_detJ * (A31*A31 + A32*A32 + A33*A33); // 3,3
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
+            {
+               const double J11 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,0,e);
+               const double J21 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,0,e);
+               const double J31 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,0,e);
+               const double J12 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,1,e);
+               const double J22 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,1,e);
+               const double J32 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,1,e);
+               const double J13 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,2,e);
+               const double J23 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,2,e);
+               const double J33 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,2,e);
+               const double detJ = J11 * (J22 * J33 - J32 * J23) -
+               /* */               J21 * (J12 * J33 - J32 * J13) +
+               /* */               J31 * (J12 * J23 - J22 * J13);
+               const double coeff = const_c ? C(0,0,0,0) : C(qx,qy,qz,e);
+               const double c_detJ = W(qx,qy,qz) * coeff / detJ;
+               // adj(J)
+               const double A11 = (J22 * J33) - (J23 * J32);
+               const double A12 = (J32 * J13) - (J12 * J33);
+               const double A13 = (J12 * J23) - (J22 * J13);
+               const double A21 = (J31 * J23) - (J21 * J33);
+               const double A22 = (J11 * J33) - (J13 * J31);
+               const double A23 = (J21 * J13) - (J11 * J23);
+               const double A31 = (J21 * J32) - (J31 * J22);
+               const double A32 = (J31 * J12) - (J11 * J32);
+               const double A33 = (J11 * J22) - (J12 * J21);
+               // detJ J^{-1} J^{-T} = (1/detJ) adj(J) adj(J)^T
+               D(qx,qy,qz,0,e) = c_detJ * (A11*A11 + A12*A12 + A13*A13); // 1,1
+               D(qx,qy,qz,1,e) = c_detJ * (A11*A21 + A12*A22 + A13*A23); // 2,1
+               D(qx,qy,qz,2,e) = c_detJ * (A11*A31 + A12*A32 + A13*A33); // 3,1
+               D(qx,qy,qz,3,e) = c_detJ * (A21*A21 + A22*A22 + A23*A23); // 2,2
+               D(qx,qy,qz,4,e) = c_detJ * (A21*A31 + A22*A32 + A23*A33); // 3,2
+               D(qx,qy,qz,5,e) = c_detJ * (A31*A31 + A32*A32 + A33*A33); // 3,3
+            }
+         }
      }
   });
 }
@@ -253,8 +259,7 @@ static void PADiffusionSetup(const int dim,
   }
 }

-void DiffusionIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
-                                  const bool force)
+void DiffusionIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes)
 {
   // Assuming the same element type
   fespace = &fes;
@@ -263,7 +268,7 @@ void DiffusionIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
   const FiniteElement &el = *fes.GetFE(0);
   const IntegrationRule *ir = IntRule ? IntRule : &GetRule(el, el);
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_CEED
-   if (DeviceCanUseCeed() && !force)
+   if (DeviceCanUseCeed())
   {
      if (ceedDataPtr) { delete ceedDataPtr; }
      CeedData* ptr = new CeedData();
@@ -271,17 +276,16 @@ void DiffusionIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
      InitCeedCoeff(Q, ptr);
      return CeedPADiffusionAssemble(fes, *ir, *ptr);
   }
-#else
-   MFEM_CONTRACT_VAR(force);
 #endif
   const int dims = el.GetDim();
   const int symmDims = (dims * (dims + 1)) / 2; // 1x1: 1, 2x2: 3, 3x3: 6
   const int nq = ir->GetNPoints();
   dim = mesh->Dimension();
   ne = fes.GetNE();
-   geom = mesh->GetGeometricFactors(*ir, GeometricFactors::JACOBIANS);
+   const DofToQuad::Mode mode = DofToQuad::TENSOR;
+   geom = mesh->GetGeometricFactors(*ir, GeometricFactors::JACOBIANS, mode);
   const int sdim = mesh->SpaceDimension();
-   maps = &el.GetDofToQuad(*ir, DofToQuad::TENSOR);
+   maps = &el.GetDofToQuad(*ir, mode);
   dofs1D = maps->ndof;
   quad1D = maps->nqpt;
   pa_data.SetSize(symmDims * nq * ne, Device::GetDeviceMemoryType());
@@ -296,6 +300,19 @@ void DiffusionIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
      coeff.SetSize(1);
      coeff(0) = cQ->constant;
   }
+   else if (QuadratureFunctionCoefficient* cQ =
+               dynamic_cast<QuadratureFunctionCoefficient*>(Q))
+   {
+      const QuadratureFunction &qFun = cQ->GetQuadFunction();
+      MFEM_VERIFY(qFun.Size() == ne*nq,
+                  "Incompatible QuadratureFunction dimension \n");
+
+      MFEM_VERIFY(ir == &qFun.GetSpace()->GetElementIntRule(0),
+                  "IntegrationRule used within integrator and in"
+                  " QuadratureFunction appear to be different");
+      qFun.Read();
+      coeff.MakeRef(const_cast<QuadratureFunction &>(qFun),0);
+   }
   else
   {
      coeff.SetSize(nq * ne);
@@ -723,6 +740,7 @@ static void PADiffusionAssembleDiagonal(const int dim,
         case 0x23: return SmemPADiffusionDiagonal3D<2,3>(NE,B,G,D,Y);
         case 0x34: return SmemPADiffusionDiagonal3D<3,4>(NE,B,G,D,Y);
         case 0x45: return SmemPADiffusionDiagonal3D<4,5>(NE,B,G,D,Y);
+         case 0x46: return SmemPADiffusionDiagonal3D<4,6>(NE,B,G,D,Y);
         case 0x56: return SmemPADiffusionDiagonal3D<5,6>(NE,B,G,D,Y);
         case 0x67: return SmemPADiffusionDiagonal3D<6,7>(NE,B,G,D,Y);
         case 0x78: return SmemPADiffusionDiagonal3D<7,8>(NE,B,G,D,Y);
@@ -736,9 +754,17 @@ static void PADiffusionAssembleDiagonal(const int dim,

 void DiffusionIntegrator::AssembleDiagonalPA(Vector &diag)
 {
-   if (pa_data.Size()==0) { SetupPA(*fespace, true); }
-   PADiffusionAssembleDiagonal(dim, dofs1D, quad1D, ne,
-                               maps->B, maps->G, pa_data, diag);
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_CEED
+   if (DeviceCanUseCeed())
+   {
+      CeedAssembleDiagonalPA(ceedDataPtr, diag);
+   }
+   else
+#endif
+   {
+      PADiffusionAssembleDiagonal(dim, dofs1D, quad1D, ne,
+                                  maps->B, maps->G, pa_data, diag);
+   }
 }


@@ -1307,7 +1333,33 @@ static void PADiffusionApply3D(const int NE,
   });
 }

-// Shared memory PA Diffusion Apply 3D kernel
+// Half of B and G are stored in shared to get B, Bt, G and Gt.
+// Indices computation for SmemPADiffusionApply3D.
+static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline int qi(const int q, const int d, const int Q)
+{
+   return (q<=d) ? q : Q-1-q;
+}
+
+static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline int dj(const int q, const int d, const int D)
+{
+   return (q<=d) ? d : D-1-d;
+}
+
+static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline int qk(const int q, const int d, const int Q)
+{
+   return (q<=d) ? Q-1-q : q;
+}
+
+static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline int dl(const int q, const int d, const int D)
+{
+   return (q<=d) ? D-1-d : d;
+}
+
+static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE inline double sign(const int q, const int d)
+{
+   return (q<=d) ? -1.0 : 1.0;
+}
+
 template<int T_D1D = 0, int T_Q1D = 0>
 static void SmemPADiffusionApply3D(const int NE,
                                   const Array<double> &b_,
@@ -1320,28 +1372,27 @@ static void SmemPADiffusionApply3D(const int NE,
 {
   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
-   constexpr int MQ1 = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : MAX_Q1D;
-   constexpr int MD1 = T_D1D ? T_D1D : MAX_D1D;
-   MFEM_VERIFY(D1D <= MD1, "");
-   MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MQ1, "");
+   constexpr int M1Q = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : MAX_Q1D;
+   constexpr int M1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : MAX_D1D;
+   MFEM_VERIFY(D1D <= M1D, "");
+   MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= M1Q, "");
   auto b = Reshape(b_.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto g = Reshape(g_.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
-   auto d = Reshape(d_.Read(), Q1D*Q1D*Q1D, 6, NE);
+   auto d = Reshape(d_.Read(), Q1D, Q1D, Q1D, 6, NE);
   auto x = Reshape(x_.Read(), D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
   auto y = Reshape(y_.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
-   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D,
+   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, 1,
   {
-      const int tidz = MFEM_THREAD_ID(z);
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
      const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
      constexpr int MQ1 = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : MAX_Q1D;
      constexpr int MD1 = T_D1D ? T_D1D : MAX_D1D;
-      constexpr int MDQ = MQ1 > MD1 ? MQ1 : MD1;
-      MFEM_SHARED double sBG[2][MQ1*MD1];
-      double (*B)[MD1] = (double (*)[MD1]) (sBG+0);
-      double (*G)[MD1] = (double (*)[MD1]) (sBG+1);
-      double (*Bt)[MQ1] = (double (*)[MQ1]) (sBG+0);
-      double (*Gt)[MQ1] = (double (*)[MQ1]) (sBG+1);
+      constexpr int MDQ = (MQ1 > MD1) ? MQ1 : MD1;
+      MFEM_SHARED double sBG[MQ1*MD1];
+      double (*B)[MD1] = (double (*)[MD1]) sBG;
+      double (*G)[MD1] = (double (*)[MD1]) sBG;
+      double (*Bt)[MQ1] = (double (*)[MQ1]) sBG;
+      double (*Gt)[MQ1] = (double (*)[MQ1]) sBG;
      MFEM_SHARED double sm0[3][MDQ*MDQ*MDQ];
      MFEM_SHARED double sm1[3][MDQ*MDQ*MDQ];
      double (*X)[MD1][MD1]    = (double (*)[MD1][MD1]) (sm0+2);
@@ -1359,108 +1410,127 @@ static void SmemPADiffusionApply3D(const int NE,
      double (*QDD0)[MD1][MD1] = (double (*)[MD1][MD1]) (sm0+0);
      double (*QDD1)[MD1][MD1] = (double (*)[MD1][MD1]) (sm0+1);
      double (*QDD2)[MD1][MD1] = (double (*)[MD1][MD1]) (sm0+2);
-      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dz,z,D1D)
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
            {
               X[dz][dy][dx] = x(dx,dy,dz,e);
            }
         }
-      }
-      if (tidz == 0)
-      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(d,y,D1D)
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(q,x,Q1D)
-            {
-               B[q][d] = b(q,d);
-               G[q][d] = g(q,d);
-            }
+            const int i = qi(qx,dy,Q1D);
+            const int j = dj(qx,dy,D1D);
+            const int k = qk(qx,dy,Q1D);
+            const int l = dl(qx,dy,D1D);
+            B[i][j] = b(qx,dy);
+            G[k][l] = g(qx,dy) * sign(qx,dy);
         }
      }
      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
-      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dz,z,D1D)
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+            double u[D1D], v[D1D];
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; dz++) { u[dz] = v[dz] = 0.0; }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dx = 0; dx < D1D; ++dx)
            {
-               double u = 0.0;
-               double v = 0.0;
-               for (int dx = 0; dx < D1D; ++dx)
-               {
-                  const double coords = X[dz][dy][dx];
-                  u += coords * B[qx][dx];
-                  v += coords * G[qx][dx];
-               }
-               DDQ0[dz][dy][qx] = u;
-               DDQ1[dz][dy][qx] = v;
-            }
-         }
-      }
-      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
-      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dz,z,D1D)
-      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
-         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
-            {
-               double u = 0.0;
-               double v = 0.0;
-               double w = 0.0;
-               for (int dy = 0; dy < D1D; ++dy)
-               {
-                  u += DDQ1[dz][dy][qx] * B[qy][dy];
-                  v += DDQ0[dz][dy][qx] * G[qy][dy];
-                  w += DDQ0[dz][dy][qx] * B[qy][dy];
-               }
-               DQQ0[dz][qy][qx] = u;
-               DQQ1[dz][qy][qx] = v;
-               DQQ2[dz][qy][qx] = w;
-            }
-         }
-      }
-      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
-      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
-      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
-         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
-            {
-               double u = 0.0;
-               double v = 0.0;
-               double w = 0.0;
+               const int i = qi(qx,dx,Q1D);
+               const int j = dj(qx,dx,D1D);
+               const int k = qk(qx,dx,Q1D);
+               const int l = dl(qx,dx,D1D);
+               const double s = sign(qx,dx);
+               MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
               for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
               {
-                  u += DQQ0[dz][qy][qx] * B[qz][dz];
-                  v += DQQ1[dz][qy][qx] * B[qz][dz];
-                  w += DQQ2[dz][qy][qx] * G[qz][dz];
+                  const double coords = X[dz][dy][dx];
+                  u[dz] += coords * B[i][j];
+                  v[dz] += coords * G[k][l] * s;
               }
-               QQQ0[qz][qy][qx] = u;
-               QQQ1[qz][qy][qx] = v;
-               QQQ2[qz][qy][qx] = w;
+            }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
+            {
+               DDQ0[dz][dy][qx] = u[dz];
+               DDQ1[dz][dy][qx] = v[dz];
            }
         }
      }
      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
-      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+            double u[D1D], v[D1D], w[D1D];
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; dz++) { u[dz] = v[dz] = w[dz] = 0.0; }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dy = 0; dy < D1D; ++dy)
            {
-               const int q = qx + ((qy*Q1D) + (qz*Q1D*Q1D));
-               const double O11 = d(q,0,e);
-               const double O12 = d(q,1,e);
-               const double O13 = d(q,2,e);
-               const double O22 = d(q,3,e);
-               const double O23 = d(q,4,e);
-               const double O33 = d(q,5,e);
-               const double gX = QQQ0[qz][qy][qx];
-               const double gY = QQQ1[qz][qy][qx];
-               const double gZ = QQQ2[qz][qy][qx];
+               const int i = qi(qy,dy,Q1D);
+               const int j = dj(qy,dy,D1D);
+               const int k = qk(qy,dy,Q1D);
+               const int l = dl(qy,dy,D1D);
+               const double s = sign(qy,dy);
+               MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+               for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; dz++)
+               {
+                  u[dz] += DDQ1[dz][dy][qx] * B[i][j];
+                  v[dz] += DDQ0[dz][dy][qx] * G[k][l] * s;
+                  w[dz] += DDQ0[dz][dy][qx] * B[i][j];
+               }
+            }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; dz++)
+            {
+               DQQ0[dz][qy][qx] = u[dz];
+               DQQ1[dz][qy][qx] = v[dz];
+               DQQ2[dz][qy][qx] = w[dz];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+         {
+            double u[Q1D], v[Q1D], w[Q1D];
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; qz++) { u[qz] = v[qz] = w[qz] = 0.0; }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
+            {
+               MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+               for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; qz++)
+               {
+                  const int i = qi(qz,dz,Q1D);
+                  const int j = dj(qz,dz,D1D);
+                  const int k = qk(qz,dz,Q1D);
+                  const int l = dl(qz,dz,D1D);
+                  const double s = sign(qz,dz);
+                  u[qz] += DQQ0[dz][qy][qx] * B[i][j];
+                  v[qz] += DQQ1[dz][qy][qx] * B[i][j];
+                  w[qz] += DQQ2[dz][qy][qx] * G[k][l] * s;
+               }
+            }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; qz++)
+            {
+               const double O11 = d(qx,qy,qz,0,e);
+               const double O12 = d(qx,qy,qz,1,e);
+               const double O13 = d(qx,qy,qz,2,e);
+               const double O22 = d(qx,qy,qz,3,e);
+               const double O23 = d(qx,qy,qz,4,e);
+               const double O33 = d(qx,qy,qz,5,e);
+               const double gX = u[qz];
+               const double gY = v[qz];
+               const double gZ = w[qz];
               QQQ0[qz][qy][qx] = (O11*gX) + (O12*gY) + (O13*gZ);
               QQQ1[qz][qy][qx] = (O12*gX) + (O22*gY) + (O23*gZ);
               QQQ2[qz][qy][qx] = (O13*gX) + (O23*gY) + (O33*gZ);
@@ -1468,78 +1538,112 @@ static void SmemPADiffusionApply3D(const int NE,
         }
      }
      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
-      if (tidz == 0)
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(d,y,D1D)
      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(d,y,D1D)
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(q,x,Q1D)
         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(q,x,Q1D)
-            {
-               Bt[d][q] = b(q,d);
-               Gt[d][q] = g(q,d);
-            }
+            const int i = qi(q,d,Q1D);
+            const int j = dj(q,d,D1D);
+            const int k = qk(q,d,Q1D);
+            const int l = dl(q,d,D1D);
+            Bt[j][i] = b(q,d);
+            Gt[l][k] = g(q,d) * sign(q,d);
         }
      }
      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
-      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
+            double u[Q1D], v[Q1D], w[Q1D];
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz) { u[qz] = v[qz] = w[qz] = 0.0; }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qx = 0; qx < Q1D; ++qx)
            {
-               double u = 0.0;
-               double v = 0.0;
-               double w = 0.0;
-               for (int qx = 0; qx < Q1D; ++qx)
-               {
-                  u += QQQ0[qz][qy][qx] * Gt[dx][qx];
-                  v += QQQ1[qz][qy][qx] * Bt[dx][qx];
-                  w += QQQ2[qz][qy][qx] * Bt[dx][qx];
-               }
-               QQD0[qz][qy][dx] = u;
-               QQD1[qz][qy][dx] = v;
-               QQD2[qz][qy][dx] = w;
-            }
-         }
-      }
-      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
-      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
-      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
-         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
-            {
-               double u = 0.0;
-               double v = 0.0;
-               double w = 0.0;
-               for (int qy = 0; qy < Q1D; ++qy)
-               {
-                  u += QQD0[qz][qy][dx] * Bt[dy][qy];
-                  v += QQD1[qz][qy][dx] * Gt[dy][qy];
-                  w += QQD2[qz][qy][dx] * Bt[dy][qy];
-               }
-               QDD0[qz][dy][dx] = u;
-               QDD1[qz][dy][dx] = v;
-               QDD2[qz][dy][dx] = w;
-            }
-         }
-      }
-      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
-      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dz,z,D1D)
-      {
-         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
-         {
-            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
-            {
-               double u = 0.0;
-               double v = 0.0;
-               double w = 0.0;
+               const int i = qi(qx,dx,Q1D);
+               const int j = dj(qx,dx,D1D);
+               const int k = qk(qx,dx,Q1D);
+               const int l = dl(qx,dx,D1D);
+               const double s = sign(qx,dx);
+               MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
               for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz)
               {
-                  u += QDD0[qz][dy][dx] * Bt[dz][qz];
-                  v += QDD1[qz][dy][dx] * Bt[dz][qz];
-                  w += QDD2[qz][dy][dx] * Gt[dz][qz];
+                  u[qz] += QQQ0[qz][qy][qx] * Gt[l][k] * s;
+                  v[qz] += QQQ1[qz][qy][qx] * Bt[j][i];
+                  w[qz] += QQQ2[qz][qy][qx] * Bt[j][i];
               }
-               y(dx,dy,dz,e) += (u + v + w);
+            }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz)
+            {
+               QQD0[qz][qy][dx] = u[qz];
+               QQD1[qz][qy][dx] = v[qz];
+               QQD2[qz][qy][dx] = w[qz];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
+         {
+            double u[Q1D], v[Q1D], w[Q1D];
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz) { u[qz] = v[qz] = w[qz] = 0.0; }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qy = 0; qy < Q1D; ++qy)
+            {
+               const int i = qi(qy,dy,Q1D);
+               const int j = dj(qy,dy,D1D);
+               const int k = qk(qy,dy,Q1D);
+               const int l = dl(qy,dy,D1D);
+               const double s = sign(qy,dy);
+               MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+               for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz)
+               {
+                  u[qz] += QQD0[qz][qy][dx] * Bt[j][i];
+                  v[qz] += QQD1[qz][qy][dx] * Gt[l][k] * s;
+                  w[qz] += QQD2[qz][qy][dx] * Bt[j][i];
+               }
+            }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz)
+            {
+               QDD0[qz][dy][dx] = u[qz];
+               QDD1[qz][dy][dx] = v[qz];
+               QDD2[qz][dy][dx] = w[qz];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
+         {
+            double u[D1D], v[D1D], w[D1D];
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz) { u[dz] = v[dz] = w[dz] = 0.0; }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MQ1)
+            for (int qz = 0; qz < Q1D; ++qz)
+            {
+               MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+               for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
+               {
+                  const int i = qi(qz,dz,Q1D);
+                  const int j = dj(qz,dz,D1D);
+                  const int k = qk(qz,dz,Q1D);
+                  const int l = dl(qz,dz,D1D);
+                  const double s = sign(qz,dz);
+                  u[dz] += QDD0[qz][dy][dx] * Bt[j][i];
+                  v[dz] += QDD1[qz][dy][dx] * Bt[j][i];
+                  w[dz] += QDD2[qz][dy][dx] * Gt[l][k] * s;
+               }
+            }
+            MFEM_UNROLL(MD1)
+            for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
+            {
+               y(dx,dy,dz,e) += (u[dz] + v[dz] + w[dz]);
            }
         }
      }
@@ -1574,9 +1678,11 @@ static void PADiffusionApply(const int dim,
      MFEM_ABORT("OCCA PADiffusionApply unknown kernel!");
   }
 #endif // MFEM_USE_OCCA
+   const int ID = (D1D << 4 ) | Q1D;
+
   if (dim == 2)
   {
-      switch ((D1D << 4 ) | Q1D)
+      switch (ID)
      {
         case 0x22: return SmemPADiffusionApply2D<2,2,16>(NE,B,G,D,X,Y);
         case 0x33: return SmemPADiffusionApply2D<3,3,16>(NE,B,G,D,X,Y);
@@ -1589,11 +1695,13 @@ static void PADiffusionApply(const int dim,
         default:   return PADiffusionApply2D(NE,B,G,Bt,Gt,D,X,Y,D1D,Q1D);
      }
   }
-   else if (dim == 3)
+
+   if (dim == 3)
   {
-      switch ((D1D << 4 ) | Q1D)
+      switch (ID)
      {
         case 0x23: return SmemPADiffusionApply3D<2,3>(NE,B,G,D,X,Y);
+         case 0x24: return SmemPADiffusionApply3D<2,4>(NE,B,G,D,X,Y);
         case 0x34: return SmemPADiffusionApply3D<3,4>(NE,B,G,D,X,Y);
         case 0x45: return SmemPADiffusionApply3D<4,5>(NE,B,G,D,X,Y);
         case 0x46: return SmemPADiffusionApply3D<4,6>(NE,B,G,D,X,Y);
@@ -1614,29 +1722,7 @@ void DiffusionIntegrator::AddMultPA(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_CEED
   if (DeviceCanUseCeed())
   {
-      const CeedScalar *x_ptr;
-      CeedScalar *y_ptr;
-      CeedMemType mem;
-      CeedGetPreferredMemType(internal::ceed, &mem);
-      if ( Device::Allows(Backend::CUDA) && mem==CEED_MEM_DEVICE )
-      {
-         x_ptr = x.Read();
-         y_ptr = y.ReadWrite();
-      }
-      else
-      {
-         x_ptr = x.HostRead();
-         y_ptr = y.HostReadWrite();
-         mem = CEED_MEM_HOST;
-      }
-      CeedVectorSetArray(ceedDataPtr->u, mem, CEED_USE_POINTER,
-                         const_cast<CeedScalar*>(x_ptr));
-      CeedVectorSetArray(ceedDataPtr->v, mem, CEED_USE_POINTER, y_ptr);
-
-      CeedOperatorApplyAdd(ceedDataPtr->oper, ceedDataPtr->u, ceedDataPtr->v,
-                           CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
-
-      CeedVectorSyncArray(ceedDataPtr->v, mem);
+      CeedAddMultPA(ceedDataPtr, x, y);
   }
   else
 #endif
@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ void PAHdivMassApply2D(const int D1D,
                       Vector &_y)
 {
   constexpr static int VDIM = 2;
+   constexpr static int MAX_D1D = HDIV_MAX_D1D;
+   constexpr static int MAX_Q1D = HDIV_MAX_Q1D;

   auto Bo = Reshape(_Bo.Read(), Q1D, D1D-1);
   auto Bc = Reshape(_Bc.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
@@ -238,6 +240,7 @@ void PAHdivMassAssembleDiagonal2D(const int D1D,
                                  Vector &_diag)
 {
   constexpr static int VDIM = 2;
+   constexpr static int MAX_Q1D = HDIV_MAX_Q1D;

   auto Bo = Reshape(_Bo.Read(), Q1D, D1D-1);
   auto Bc = Reshape(_Bc.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
@@ -614,6 +617,8 @@ static void PADivDivApply2D(const int D1D,
                            Vector &_y)
 {
   constexpr static int VDIM = 2;
+   constexpr static int MAX_D1D = HDIV_MAX_D1D;
+   constexpr static int MAX_Q1D = HDIV_MAX_Q1D;

   auto Bo = Reshape(_Bo.Read(), Q1D, D1D-1);
   auto Bot = Reshape(_Bot.Read(), D1D-1, Q1D);
@@ -977,6 +982,7 @@ static void PADivDivAssembleDiagonal2D(const int D1D,
                                       Vector &_diag)
 {
   constexpr static int VDIM = 2;
+   constexpr static int MAX_Q1D = HDIV_MAX_Q1D;

   auto Bo = Reshape(_Bo.Read(), Q1D, D1D-1);
   auto Gc = Reshape(_Gc.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
@@ -1400,6 +1406,8 @@ static void PAHdivL2Apply2D(const int D1D,
                            Vector &_y)
 {
   constexpr static int VDIM = 2;
+   constexpr static int MAX_D1D = HDIV_MAX_D1D;
+   constexpr static int MAX_Q1D = HDIV_MAX_Q1D;

   auto Bo = Reshape(_Bo.Read(), Q1D, D1D-1);
   auto Gc = Reshape(_Gc.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
@@ -1666,6 +1674,8 @@ static void PAHdivL2ApplyTranspose2D(const int D1D,
                                     Vector &_y)
 {
   constexpr static int VDIM = 2;
+   constexpr static int MAX_D1D = HDIV_MAX_D1D;
+   constexpr static int MAX_Q1D = HDIV_MAX_Q1D;

   auto L2Bo = Reshape(_L2Bo.Read(), Q1D, L2D1D);
   auto Gct = Reshape(_Gct.Read(), D1D, Q1D);
@@ -1724,7 +1734,7 @@ static void PAHdivL2ApplyTranspose2D(const int D1D,

      for (int qy = 0; qy < Q1D; ++qy)
      {
-         double aX[HDIV_MAX_D1D];
+         double aX[MAX_D1D];

         int osc = 0;
         for (int c = 0; c < VDIM; ++c)  // loop over x, y components
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ static void EAMassAssemble1D(const int NE,
   MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MAX_Q1D, "");
   auto B = Reshape(basis.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, NE);
-   auto M = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto M = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, 1,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static void EAMassAssemble1D(const int NE,
            {
               val += r_Bi[k1] * r_Bj[k1] * D(k1, e);
            }
-            M(i1, j1, e) = val;
+            M(i1, j1, e) += val;
         }
      }
   });
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ static void EAMassAssemble2D(const int NE,
   MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MAX_Q1D, "");
   auto B = Reshape(basis.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, Q1D, NE);
-   auto M = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto M = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, 1,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static void EAMassAssemble2D(const int NE,
                               * s_D[k1][k2];
                     }
                  }
-                  M(i1, i2, j1, j2, e) = val;
+                  M(i1, i2, j1, j2, e) += val;
               }
            }
         }
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ static void EAMassAssemble3D(const int NE,
   MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MAX_Q1D, "");
   auto B = Reshape(basis.Read(), Q1D, D1D);
   auto D = Reshape(padata.Read(), Q1D, Q1D, Q1D, NE);
-   auto M = Reshape(eadata.Write(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
+   auto M = Reshape(eadata.ReadWrite(), D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, D1D, NE);
   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, D1D, D1D, D1D,
   {
      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ static void EAMassAssemble3D(const int NE,
                              }
                           }
                        }
-                        M(i1, i2, i3, j1, j2, j3, e) = val;
+                        M(i1, i2, i3, j1, j2, j3, e) += val;
                     }
                  }
               }
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ namespace mfem

 // PA Mass Assemble kernel

-void MassIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, const bool force)
+void MassIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes)
 {
+
   // Assuming the same element type
   fespace = &fes;
   Mesh *mesh = fes.GetMesh();
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ void MassIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, const bool force)
   ElementTransformation *T = mesh->GetElementTransformation(0);
   const IntegrationRule *ir = IntRule ? IntRule : &GetRule(el, el, *T);
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_CEED
-   if (DeviceCanUseCeed() && !force)
+   if (DeviceCanUseCeed())
   {
      if (ceedDataPtr) { delete ceedDataPtr; }
      CeedData* ptr = new CeedData();
@@ -45,27 +46,57 @@ void MassIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, const bool force)
   dim = mesh->Dimension();
   ne = fes.GetMesh()->GetNE();
   nq = ir->GetNPoints();
-   geom = mesh->GetGeometricFactors(*ir, GeometricFactors::COORDINATES |
-                                    GeometricFactors::JACOBIANS);
-   maps = &el.GetDofToQuad(*ir, DofToQuad::TENSOR);
+   const DofToQuad::Mode mode = DofToQuad::TENSOR;
+   const int flags = GeometricFactors::JACOBIANS |
+                     GeometricFactors::COORDINATES;
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_UMPIRE
+   const MemoryType temp_type = Device::GetDeviceMemoryType() == MemoryType::DEVICE_UMPIRE
+      ? MemoryType::DEVICE_UMPIRE_2 : Device::GetDeviceMemoryType();
+#else
+   const MemoryType temp_type = Device::GetDeviceMemoryType();
+#endif
+   geom = mesh->GetGeometricFactors(*ir, flags, mode, temp_type);
+   maps = &el.GetDofToQuad(*ir, mode);
   dofs1D = maps->ndof;
   quad1D = maps->nqpt;
   pa_data.SetSize(ne*nq, Device::GetDeviceMemoryType());
-   Vector coeff;
+   Vector *coeff{nullptr};
+   bool own_coeff{true};
   if (Q == nullptr)
   {
-      coeff.SetSize(1);
-      coeff(0) = 1.0;
+      coeff = new Vector;
+      coeff->SetSize(1);
+      (*coeff)(0) = 1.0;
   }
   else if (ConstantCoefficient* cQ = dynamic_cast<ConstantCoefficient*>(Q))
   {
-      coeff.SetSize(1);
-      coeff(0) = cQ->constant;
+      coeff = new Vector;
+      coeff->SetSize(1);
+      (*coeff)(0) = cQ->constant;
+   }
+   else if (QuadratureCoefficient* cQ = dynamic_cast<QuadratureCoefficient*>(Q))
+   {
+      coeff = cQ->Data();
+      own_coeff = false;
+   }
+   else if (QuadratureFunctionCoefficient* cQ =
+               dynamic_cast<QuadratureFunctionCoefficient*>(Q))
+   {
+      const QuadratureFunction &qFun = cQ->GetQuadFunction();
+      MFEM_VERIFY(qFun.Size() == nq * ne,
+                  "Incompatible QuadratureFunction dimension \n");
+
+      MFEM_VERIFY(ir == &qFun.GetSpace()->GetElementIntRule(0),
+                  "IntegrationRule used within integrator and in"
+                  " QuadratureFunction appear to be different");
+      qFun.Read();
+      coeff->MakeRef(const_cast<QuadratureFunction &>(qFun),0);
   }
   else
   {
-      coeff.SetSize(nq * ne);
-      auto C = Reshape(coeff.HostWrite(), nq, ne);
+      coeff = new Vector;
+      coeff->SetSize(nq * ne);
+      auto C = Reshape(coeff->HostWrite(), nq, ne);
      for (int e = 0; e < ne; ++e)
      {
         ElementTransformation& T = *fes.GetElementTransformation(e);
@@ -80,11 +111,11 @@ void MassIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, const bool force)
   {
      const int NE = ne;
      const int NQ = nq;
-      const bool const_c = coeff.Size() == 1;
+      const bool const_c = coeff->Size() == 1;
      auto w = ir->GetWeights().Read();
      auto J = Reshape(geom->J.Read(), NQ,2,2,NE);
      auto C =
-         const_c ? Reshape(coeff.Read(), 1,1) : Reshape(coeff.Read(), NQ,NE);
+         const_c ? Reshape(coeff->Read(), 1,1) : Reshape(coeff->Read(), NQ,NE);
      auto v = Reshape(pa_data.Write(), NQ, NE);
      MFEM_FORALL(e, NE,
      {
@@ -103,28 +134,43 @@ void MassIntegrator::SetupPA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes, const bool force)
   if (dim==3)
   {
      const int NE = ne;
-      const int NQ = nq;
-      const bool const_c = coeff.Size() == 1;
-      auto W = ir->GetWeights().Read();
-      auto J = Reshape(geom->J.Read(), NQ,3,3,NE);
-      auto C =
-         const_c ? Reshape(coeff.Read(), 1,1) : Reshape(coeff.Read(), NQ,NE);
-      auto v = Reshape(pa_data.Write(), NQ,NE);
-      MFEM_FORALL(e, NE,
+      const int Q1D = quad1D;
+      const bool const_c = coeff->Size() == 1;
+      const auto W = Reshape(ir->GetWeights().Read(),Q1D,Q1D,Q1D);
+      const auto J = Reshape(geom->J.Read(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D,3,3,NE);
+      const auto C = const_c ?
+                     Reshape(coeff->Read(), 1,1,1,1) :
+                     Reshape(coeff->Read(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D,NE);
+      auto V = Reshape(pa_data.Write(), Q1D,Q1D,Q1D,NE);
+      MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D,
      {
-         for (int q = 0; q < NQ; ++q)
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
         {
-            const double J11 = J(q,0,0,e), J12 = J(q,0,1,e), J13 = J(q,0,2,e);
-            const double J21 = J(q,1,0,e), J22 = J(q,1,1,e), J23 = J(q,1,2,e);
-            const double J31 = J(q,2,0,e), J32 = J(q,2,1,e), J33 = J(q,2,2,e);
-            const double detJ = J11 * (J22 * J33 - J32 * J23) -
-            /* */               J21 * (J12 * J33 - J32 * J13) +
-            /* */               J31 * (J12 * J23 - J22 * J13);
-            const double coeff = const_c ? C(0,0) : C(q,e);
-            v(q,e) = W[q] * coeff * detJ;
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+            {
+               MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
+               {
+                  const double J11 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,0,e);
+                  const double J12 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,1,e);
+                  const double J13 = J(qx,qy,qz,0,2,e);
+                  const double J21 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,0,e);
+                  const double J22 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,1,e);
+                  const double J23 = J(qx,qy,qz,1,2,e);
+                  const double J31 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,0,e);
+                  const double J32 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,1,e);
+                  const double J33 = J(qx,qy,qz,2,2,e);
+                  const double detJ = J11 * (J22 * J33 - J32 * J23) -
+                  /* */               J21 * (J12 * J33 - J32 * J13) +
+                  /* */               J31 * (J12 * J23 - J22 * J13);
+                  const double coeff = const_c ? C(0,0,0,0) : C(qx,qy,qz,e);
+                  V(qx,qy,qz,e) = W(qx,qy,qz) * coeff * detJ;
+               }
+            }
         }
      });
   }
+
+   if (own_coeff) { delete coeff; }
 }

 void MassIntegrator::AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes)
@@ -426,8 +472,12 @@ static void PAMassAssembleDiagonal(const int dim, const int D1D,
      switch ((D1D << 4 ) | Q1D)
      {
         case 0x23: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<2,3>(NE,B,D,Y);
+         case 0x24: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<2,4>(NE,B,D,Y);
+         case 0x26: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<2,6>(NE,B,D,Y);
         case 0x34: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<3,4>(NE,B,D,Y);
+         case 0x35: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<3,5>(NE,B,D,Y);
         case 0x45: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<4,5>(NE,B,D,Y);
+         case 0x48: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<4,8>(NE,B,D,Y);
         case 0x56: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<5,6>(NE,B,D,Y);
         case 0x67: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<6,7>(NE,B,D,Y);
         case 0x78: return SmemPAMassAssembleDiagonal3D<7,8>(NE,B,D,Y);
@@ -440,8 +490,16 @@ static void PAMassAssembleDiagonal(const int dim, const int D1D,

 void MassIntegrator::AssembleDiagonalPA(Vector &diag)
 {
-   if (pa_data.Size()==0) { SetupPA(*fespace, true); }
-   PAMassAssembleDiagonal(dim, dofs1D, quad1D, ne, maps->B, pa_data, diag);
+#ifdef MFEM_USE_CEED
+   if (DeviceCanUseCeed())
+   {
+      CeedAssembleDiagonalPA(ceedDataPtr, diag);
+   }
+   else
+#endif
+   {
+      PAMassAssembleDiagonal(dim, dofs1D, quad1D, ne, maps->B, pa_data, diag);
+   }
 }


@@ -639,6 +697,7 @@ static void SmemPAMassApply2D(const int NE,
                              const int d1d = 0,
                              const int q1d = 0)
 {
+   MFEM_CONTRACT_VAR(bt_);
   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
   constexpr int NBZ = T_NBZ ? T_NBZ : 1;
@@ -902,6 +961,7 @@ static void SmemPAMassApply3D(const int NE,
                              const int d1d = 0,
                              const int q1d = 0)
 {
+   MFEM_CONTRACT_VAR(bt_);
   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
   constexpr int M1Q = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : MAX_Q1D;
@@ -1151,10 +1211,13 @@ static void PAMassApply(const int dim,
         case 0x24: return SmemPAMassApply2D<2,4,16>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x33: return SmemPAMassApply2D<3,3,16>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x34: return SmemPAMassApply2D<3,4,16>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
+         case 0x35: return SmemPAMassApply2D<3,5,16>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x36: return SmemPAMassApply2D<3,6,16>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x44: return SmemPAMassApply2D<4,4,8>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
+         case 0x46: return SmemPAMassApply2D<4,6,8>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x48: return SmemPAMassApply2D<4,8,4>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x55: return SmemPAMassApply2D<5,5,8>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
+         case 0x57: return SmemPAMassApply2D<5,7,8>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x58: return SmemPAMassApply2D<5,8,2>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x66: return SmemPAMassApply2D<6,6,4>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x77: return SmemPAMassApply2D<7,7,4>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
@@ -1162,6 +1225,7 @@ static void PAMassApply(const int dim,
         case 0x99: return SmemPAMassApply2D<9,9,2>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         default:   return PAMassApply2D(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y,D1D,Q1D);
      }
+      mfem::out << "Unknown 2D kernel 0x" << std::hex << id << std::endl;
   }
   else if (dim == 3)
   {
@@ -1170,7 +1234,9 @@ static void PAMassApply(const int dim,
         case 0x23: return SmemPAMassApply3D<2,3>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x24: return SmemPAMassApply3D<2,4>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x34: return SmemPAMassApply3D<3,4>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
+         case 0x35: return SmemPAMassApply3D<3,5>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x36: return SmemPAMassApply3D<3,6>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
+         case 0x37: return SmemPAMassApply3D<3,7>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x45: return SmemPAMassApply3D<4,5>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x46: return SmemPAMassApply3D<4,6>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         case 0x48: return SmemPAMassApply3D<4,8>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
@@ -1182,8 +1248,8 @@ static void PAMassApply(const int dim,
         case 0x9A: return SmemPAMassApply3D<9,10>(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y);
         default:   return PAMassApply3D(NE,B,Bt,D,X,Y,D1D,Q1D);
      }
+      mfem::out << "Unknown 3D kernel 0x" << std::hex << id << std::endl;
   }
-   mfem::out << "Unknown kernel 0x" << std::hex << id << std::endl;
   MFEM_ABORT("Unknown kernel.");
 }

@@ -1192,29 +1258,7 @@ void MassIntegrator::AddMultPA(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_CEED
   if (DeviceCanUseCeed())
   {
-      const CeedScalar *x_ptr;
-      CeedScalar *y_ptr;
-      CeedMemType mem;
-      CeedGetPreferredMemType(internal::ceed, &mem);
-      if ( Device::Allows(Backend::CUDA) && mem==CEED_MEM_DEVICE )
-      {
-         x_ptr = x.Read();
-         y_ptr = y.ReadWrite();
-      }
-      else
-      {
-         x_ptr = x.HostRead();
-         y_ptr = y.HostReadWrite();
-         mem = CEED_MEM_HOST;
-      }
-      CeedVectorSetArray(ceedDataPtr->u, mem, CEED_USE_POINTER,
-                         const_cast<CeedScalar*>(x_ptr));
-      CeedVectorSetArray(ceedDataPtr->v, mem, CEED_USE_POINTER, y_ptr);
-
-      CeedOperatorApplyAdd(ceedDataPtr->oper, ceedDataPtr->u, ceedDataPtr->v,
-                           CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
-
-      CeedVectorSyncArray(ceedDataPtr->v, mem);
+      CeedAddMultPA(ceedDataPtr, x, y);
   }
   else
 #endif
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void TransposeIntegrator::AssembleEA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
   if (ne == 0) { return; }
   const int dofs = fes.GetFE(0)->GetDof();
   auto A = Reshape(ea_data_tmp.Write(), dofs, dofs, ne);
-   auto AT = Reshape(ea_data.Write(), dofs, dofs, ne);
+   auto AT = Reshape(ea_data.ReadWrite(), dofs, dofs, ne);
   MFEM_FORALL(e, ne,
   {
      for (int i = 0; i < dofs; i++)
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@
 // terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
 // CONTRIBUTING.md for details.

+#include "../general/forall.hpp"
 #include "bilininteg.hpp"

 namespace mfem
 {

 void PAHcurlSetup2D(const int Q1D,
+                    const int coeffDim,
                    const int NE,
                    const Array<double> &w,
                    const Vector &j,
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ void PAHcurlSetup2D(const int Q1D,
                    Vector &op);

 void PAHcurlSetup3D(const int Q1D,
+                    const int coeffDim,
                    const int NE,
                    const Array<double> &w,
                    const Vector &j,
@@ -172,16 +175,36 @@ void VectorFEMassIntegrator::AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes)

   pa_data.SetSize(symmDims * nq * ne, Device::GetMemoryType());

-   Vector coeff(ne * nq);
+   const int coeffDim = VQ ? VQ->GetVDim() : 1;
+
+   Vector coeff(coeffDim * ne * nq);
   coeff = 1.0;
-   if (Q)
+   auto coeffh = Reshape(coeff.HostWrite(), coeffDim, nq, ne);
+   if (Q || VQ)
   {
+      Vector D(VQ ? coeffDim : 0);
+      if (VQ)
+      {
+         MFEM_VERIFY(coeffDim == dim, "");
+      }
+
      for (int e=0; e<ne; ++e)
      {
         ElementTransformation *tr = mesh->GetElementTransformation(e);
         for (int p=0; p<nq; ++p)
         {
-            coeff[p + (e * nq)] = Q->Eval(*tr, ir->IntPoint(p));
+            if (VQ)
+            {
+               VQ->Eval(D, *tr, ir->IntPoint(p));
+               for (int i=0; i<coeffDim; ++i)
+               {
+                  coeffh(i, p, e) = D[i];
+               }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               coeffh(0, p, e) = Q->Eval(*tr, ir->IntPoint(p));
+            }
         }
      }
   }
@@ -190,12 +213,12 @@ void VectorFEMassIntegrator::AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace &fes)

   if (el->GetDerivType() == mfem::FiniteElement::CURL && dim == 3)
   {
-      PAHcurlSetup3D(quad1D, ne, ir->GetWeights(), geom->J,
+      PAHcurlSetup3D(quad1D, coeffDim, ne, ir->GetWeights(), geom->J,
                     coeff, pa_data);
   }
   else if (el->GetDerivType() == mfem::FiniteElement::CURL && dim == 2)
   {
-      PAHcurlSetup2D(quad1D, ne, ir->GetWeights(), geom->J,
+      PAHcurlSetup2D(quad1D, coeffDim, ne, ir->GetWeights(), geom->J,
                     coeff, pa_data);
   }
   else if (el->GetDerivType() == mfem::FiniteElement::DIV && dim == 3)
@@ -348,12 +371,12 @@ void MixedVectorGradientIntegrator::AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace
   // Use the same setup functions as VectorFEMassIntegrator.
   if (test_el->GetDerivType() == mfem::FiniteElement::CURL && dim == 3)
   {
-      PAHcurlSetup3D(quad1D, ne, ir->GetWeights(), geom->J,
+      PAHcurlSetup3D(quad1D, 1, ne, ir->GetWeights(), geom->J,
                     coeff, pa_data);
   }
   else if (test_el->GetDerivType() == mfem::FiniteElement::CURL && dim == 2)
   {
-      PAHcurlSetup2D(quad1D, ne, ir->GetWeights(), geom->J,
+      PAHcurlSetup2D(quad1D, 1, ne, ir->GetWeights(), geom->J,
                     coeff, pa_data);
   }
   else
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 // Implementation of Coefficient class

 #include "fem.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/dtensor.hpp"

 #include <cmath>
 #include <limits>
@@ -21,6 +22,13 @@ namespace mfem

 using namespace std;

+double QuadratureCoefficient::Eval(ElementTransformation & T,
+                                   const IntegrationPoint & ip)
+{
+   auto coeff = mfem::Reshape(qData->HostRead(), nip, NE);
+   return coeff(ip.index, T.ElementNo);
+}
+
 double PWConstCoefficient::Eval(ElementTransformation & T,
                                const IntegrationPoint & ip)
 {
@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@ class ParMesh;
 /** @brief Base class Coefficients that optionally depend on space and time.
    These are used by the BilinearFormIntegrator, LinearFormIntegrator, and
    NonlinearFormIntegrator classes to represent the physical coefficients in
-    the PDEs that are being discretized. */
+    the PDEs that are being discretized. This class can also be used in a more
+    general way to represent functions that don't necessarily belong to a FE
+    space, e.g., to project onto GridFunctions to use as initial conditions,
+    exact solutions, etc. See, e.g., ex4 or ex22 for these uses. */
 class Coefficient
 {
 protected:
@@ -84,6 +87,33 @@ public:
   { return (constant); }
 };

+
+/// class for quadrature coefficient
+class QuadratureCoefficient : public Coefficient
+{
+
+private:
+   const int nip;
+   const int NE;
+public:
+   Vector *qData{nullptr};
+
+   //Set external data
+   QuadratureCoefficient(Vector *Data, int in_nip, int in_NE)
+      : qData(Data), nip(in_nip), NE(in_NE)
+   { }
+
+   virtual double Eval(ElementTransformation &T,
+                       const IntegrationPoint &ip);
+
+   Vector *Data()
+   {
+      return qData;
+   }
+
+};
+
+/// class for piecewise constant coefficient
 /** @brief A piecewise constant coefficient with the constants keyed
    off the element attribute numbers. */
 class PWConstCoefficient : public Coefficient
@@ -342,11 +342,10 @@ SesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
                                   int ci)
 {
   FiniteElementSpace * fes = blfr->FESpace();
-
   int vsize  = fes->GetVSize();

   // Allocate temporary vectors
-   Vector b_0(vsize);  b_0 = 0.0;
+   Vector b_0(vsize); b_0 = 0.0;

   // Extract the real and imaginary parts of the input vectors
   MFEM_ASSERT(x.Size() == 2 * vsize, "Input GridFunction of incorrect size!");
@@ -360,8 +359,7 @@ SesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
   if (conv == ComplexOperator::BLOCK_SYMMETRIC) { b_i *= -1.0; }

   int tvsize = fes->GetTrueVSize();
-   SparseMatrix * A_r = nullptr;
-   SparseMatrix * A_i = nullptr;
+   OperatorHandle A_r, A_i;

   X.SetSize(2 * tvsize);
   B.SetSize(2 * tvsize);
@@ -374,42 +372,39 @@ SesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,

   if (RealInteg())
   {
-      A_r = new SparseMatrix;
      blfr->SetDiagonalPolicy(diag_policy);

      b_0 = b_r;
-      blfr->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_r, b_0, *A_r, X_0, B_0, ci);
+      blfr->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_r, b_0, A_r, X_0, B_0, ci);
      X_r = X_0; B_r = B_0;

      b_0 = b_i;
-      blfr->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_i, b_0, *A_r, X_0, B_0, ci);
+      blfr->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_i, b_0, A_r, X_0, B_0, ci);
      X_i = X_0; B_i = B_0;

      if (ImagInteg())
      {
-         A_i = new SparseMatrix;
         blfi->SetDiagonalPolicy(mfem::Matrix::DiagonalPolicy::DIAG_ZERO);

         b_0 = 0.0;
-         blfi->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_i, b_0, *A_i, X_0, B_0, false);
+         blfi->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_i, b_0, A_i, X_0, B_0, false);
         B_r -= B_0;

         b_0 = 0.0;
-         blfi->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_r, b_0, *A_i, X_0, B_0, false);
+         blfi->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_r, b_0, A_i, X_0, B_0, false);
         B_i += B_0;
      }
   }
   else if (ImagInteg())
   {
-      A_i = new SparseMatrix;
      blfi->SetDiagonalPolicy(diag_policy);

      b_0 = b_i;
-      blfi->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_r, b_0, *A_i, X_0, B_0, ci);
+      blfi->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_r, b_0, A_i, X_0, B_0, ci);
      X_r = X_0; B_i = B_0;

      b_0 = b_r; b_0 *= -1.0;
-      blfi->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_i, b_0, *A_i, X_0, B_0, ci);
+      blfi->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x_i, b_0, A_i, X_0, B_0, ci);
      X_i = X_0; B_r = B_0; B_r *= -1.0;
   }
   else
@@ -417,16 +412,55 @@ SesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
      MFEM_ABORT("Real and Imaginary part of the Sesquilinear form are empty");
   }

+   if (RealInteg() && ImagInteg())
+   {
+      // Modify RHS and offdiagonal blocks (imaginary parts of the matrix) to
+      // conform with standard essential BC treatment
+      if (A_i.Is<ConstrainedOperator>())
+      {
+         int n = ess_tdof_list.Size();
+         for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
+         {
+            int j = ess_tdof_list[k];
+            B_r(j) = X_r(j);
+            B_i(j) = X_i(j);
+         }
+         A_i.As<ConstrainedOperator>()->SetDiagonalPolicy
+         (mfem::Operator::DiagonalPolicy::DIAG_ZERO);
+      }
+   }
+
   if (conv == ComplexOperator::BLOCK_SYMMETRIC)
   {
      B_i *= -1.0;
      b_i *= -1.0;
   }
+
   // A = A_r + i A_i
   A.Clear();
-   ComplexSparseMatrix * A_sp;
-   A_sp = new ComplexSparseMatrix(A_r, A_i, true, true, conv);
-   A.Reset<ComplexSparseMatrix>(A_sp, true);
+   if ( A_r.Type() == Operator::MFEM_SPARSEMAT ||
+        A_i.Type() == Operator::MFEM_SPARSEMAT )
+   {
+      ComplexSparseMatrix * A_sp =
+         new ComplexSparseMatrix(A_r.As<SparseMatrix>(),
+                                 A_i.As<SparseMatrix>(),
+                                 A_r.OwnsOperator(),
+                                 A_i.OwnsOperator(),
+                                 conv);
+      A.Reset<ComplexSparseMatrix>(A_sp, true);
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      ComplexOperator * A_op =
+         new ComplexOperator(A_r.Ptr(),
+                             A_i.Ptr(),
+                             A_r.OwnsOperator(),
+                             A_i.OwnsOperator(),
+                             conv);
+      A.Reset<ComplexOperator>(A_op, true);
+   }
+   A_r.SetOperatorOwner(false);
+   A_i.SetOperatorOwner(false);
 }

 void
@@ -434,31 +468,60 @@ SesquilinearForm::FormSystemMatrix(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
                                   OperatorHandle &A)

 {
-   SparseMatrix * A_r = nullptr;
-   SparseMatrix * A_i = nullptr;
-
+   OperatorHandle A_r, A_i;
   if (RealInteg())
   {
-      A_r = new SparseMatrix;
      blfr->SetDiagonalPolicy(diag_policy);
-      blfr->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, *A_r);
+      blfr->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, A_r);
   }
   if (ImagInteg())
   {
-      A_i = new SparseMatrix;
-      blfr->SetDiagonalPolicy(diag_policy);
-      blfi->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, *A_i);
+      blfi->SetDiagonalPolicy(RealInteg() ?
+                              mfem::Matrix::DiagonalPolicy::DIAG_ZERO :
+                              diag_policy);
+      blfi->FormSystemMatrix(ess_tdof_list, A_i);
   }
   if (!RealInteg() && !ImagInteg())
   {
      MFEM_ABORT("Both Real and Imaginary part of the Sesquilinear form are empty");
   }

+   if (RealInteg() && ImagInteg())
+   {
+      // Modify offdiagonal blocks (imaginary parts of the matrix) to conform
+      // with standard essential BC treatment
+      if (A_i.Is<ConstrainedOperator>())
+      {
+         A_i.As<ConstrainedOperator>()->SetDiagonalPolicy
+         (mfem::Operator::DiagonalPolicy::DIAG_ZERO);
+      }
+   }
+
   // A = A_r + i A_i
   A.Clear();
-   ComplexSparseMatrix * A_sp =
-      new ComplexSparseMatrix(A_r, A_i, true, true, conv);
-   A.Reset<ComplexSparseMatrix>(A_sp, true);
+   if ( A_r.Type() == Operator::MFEM_SPARSEMAT ||
+        A_i.Type() == Operator::MFEM_SPARSEMAT )
+   {
+      ComplexSparseMatrix * A_sp =
+         new ComplexSparseMatrix(A_r.As<SparseMatrix>(),
+                                 A_i.As<SparseMatrix>(),
+                                 A_r.OwnsOperator(),
+                                 A_i.OwnsOperator(),
+                                 conv);
+      A.Reset<ComplexSparseMatrix>(A_sp, true);
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      ComplexOperator * A_op =
+         new ComplexOperator(A_r.Ptr(),
+                             A_i.Ptr(),
+                             A_r.OwnsOperator(),
+                             A_i.OwnsOperator(),
+                             conv);
+      A.Reset<ComplexOperator>(A_op, true);
+   }
+   A_r.SetOperatorOwner(false);
+   A_i.SetOperatorOwner(false);
 }

 void
@@ -646,7 +709,7 @@ ParComplexLinearForm::ParComplexLinearForm(ParFiniteElementSpace *pfes,
   int n = (HYPRE_AssumedPartitionCheck()) ? 2 : pfes->GetNRanks();
   tdof_offsets = new HYPRE_Int[n+1];

-   for (int i=0; i<=n; i++)
+   for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
   {
      tdof_offsets[i] = 2 * tdof_offsets_fes[i];
   }
@@ -654,7 +717,8 @@ ParComplexLinearForm::ParComplexLinearForm(ParFiniteElementSpace *pfes,


 ParComplexLinearForm::ParComplexLinearForm(ParFiniteElementSpace *pfes,
-                                           ParLinearForm *plf_r, ParLinearForm *plf_i,
+                                           ParLinearForm *plf_r,
+                                           ParLinearForm *plf_i,
                                           ComplexOperator::Convention
                                           convention)
   : Vector(2*(pfes->GetVSize())),
@@ -670,7 +734,7 @@ ParComplexLinearForm::ParComplexLinearForm(ParFiniteElementSpace *pfes,
   int n = (HYPRE_AssumedPartitionCheck()) ? 2 : pfes->GetNRanks();
   tdof_offsets = new HYPRE_Int[n+1];

-   for (int i=0; i<=n; i++)
+   for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
   {
      tdof_offsets[i] = 2 * tdof_offsets_fes[i];
   }
@@ -817,7 +881,8 @@ ParSesquilinearForm::ParSesquilinearForm(ParFiniteElementSpace *pf,
 {}

 ParSesquilinearForm::ParSesquilinearForm(ParFiniteElementSpace *pf,
-                                         ParBilinearForm *pbfr, ParBilinearForm *pbfi,
+                                         ParBilinearForm *pbfr,
+                                         ParBilinearForm *pbfi,
                                         ComplexOperator::Convention convention)
   : conv(convention),
     pblfr(new ParBilinearForm(pf,pbfr)),
@@ -913,9 +978,10 @@ ParSesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
   int vsize = pfes->GetVSize();

   // Allocate temporary vectors
-   Vector b_0(vsize);  b_0 = 0.0;
+   Vector b_0(vsize); b_0 = 0.0;

   // Extract the real and imaginary parts of the input vectors
+   MFEM_ASSERT(x.Size() == 2 * vsize, "Input GridFunction of incorrect size!");
   Vector x_r(x.GetData(), vsize);
   Vector x_i(&(x.GetData())[vsize], vsize);

@@ -974,25 +1040,34 @@ ParSesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
      MFEM_ABORT("Real and Imaginary part of the Sesquilinear form are empty");
   }

-   // Modify RHS and offdiagonal blocks (Imaginary parts of the matrix) to
-   // conform with standard essential BC treatment i.e. zero out rows and
-   // columns and place ones on the diagonal.
   if (RealInteg() && ImagInteg())
   {
+      int n = ess_tdof_list.Size();
+      // Modify RHS to conform with standard essential BC treatment
+      for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
+      {
+         int j=ess_tdof_list[k];
+         B_r(j) = X_r(j);
+         B_i(j) = X_i(j);
+      }
+      // Modify offdiagonal blocks (imaginary parts of the matrix) to conform
+      // with standard essential BC treatment
      if ( A_i.Type() == Operator::Hypre_ParCSR )
      {
-         HypreParMatrix * Ah;  A_i.Get(Ah);
-         int n = ess_tdof_list.Size();
-         hypre_ParCSRMatrix * Aih =
-            (hypre_ParCSRMatrix *)const_cast<HypreParMatrix&>(*Ah);
-         for (int k=0; k<n; k++)
+         HypreParMatrix * Ah;
+         A_i.Get(Ah);
+         hypre_ParCSRMatrix *Aih = *Ah;
+         for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
         {
-            int j=ess_tdof_list[k];
+            int j = ess_tdof_list[k];
            Aih->diag->data[Aih->diag->i[j]] = 0.0;
-            B_r(j) = X_r(j);
-            B_i(j) = X_i(j);
         }
      }
+      else
+      {
+         A_i.As<ConstrainedOperator>()->SetDiagonalPolicy
+         (mfem::Operator::DiagonalPolicy::DIAG_ZERO);
+      }
   }

   if (conv == ComplexOperator::BLOCK_SYMMETRIC)
@@ -1000,6 +1075,7 @@ ParSesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
      B_i *= -1.0;
      b_i *= -1.0;
   }
+
   // A = A_r + i A_i
   A.Clear();
   if ( A_r.Type() == Operator::Hypre_ParCSR ||
@@ -1023,6 +1099,8 @@ ParSesquilinearForm::FormLinearSystem(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
                             conv);
      A.Reset<ComplexOperator>(A_op, true);
   }
+   A_r.SetOperatorOwner(false);
+   A_i.SetOperatorOwner(false);
 }

 void
@@ -1043,25 +1121,27 @@ ParSesquilinearForm::FormSystemMatrix(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
      MFEM_ABORT("Both Real and Imaginary part of the Sesquilinear form are empty");
   }

-   // Modify offdiagonal blocks (Imaginary parts of the matrix) to conform with
-   // standard essential BC treatment i.e. zero out rows and columns and place
-   // ones on the diagonal.
   if (RealInteg() && ImagInteg())
   {
+      // Modify offdiagonal blocks (imaginary parts of the matrix) to conform
+      // with standard essential BC treatment
      if ( A_i.Type() == Operator::Hypre_ParCSR )
      {
         int n = ess_tdof_list.Size();
-         int j;
-
-         HypreParMatrix * Ah;  A_i.Get(Ah);
-         hypre_ParCSRMatrix * Aih =
-            (hypre_ParCSRMatrix *)const_cast<HypreParMatrix&>(*Ah);
-         for (int k=0; k<n; k++)
+         HypreParMatrix * Ah;
+         A_i.Get(Ah);
+         hypre_ParCSRMatrix * Aih = *Ah;
+         for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
         {
-            j=ess_tdof_list[k];
+            int j = ess_tdof_list[k];
            Aih->diag->data[Aih->diag->i[j]] = 0.0;
         }
      }
+      else
+      {
+         A_i.As<ConstrainedOperator>()->SetDiagonalPolicy
+         (mfem::Operator::DiagonalPolicy::DIAG_ZERO);
+      }
   }

   // A = A_r + i A_i
@@ -1087,6 +1167,8 @@ ParSesquilinearForm::FormSystemMatrix(const Array<int> &ess_tdof_list,
                             conv);
      A.Reset<ComplexOperator>(A_op, true);
   }
+   A_r.SetOperatorOwner(false);
+   A_i.SetOperatorOwner(false);
 }

 void
@@ -219,6 +219,21 @@ public:
   void SetConvention(const ComplexOperator::Convention &
                      convention) { conv = convention; }

+   /// Set the desired assembly level.
+   /** Valid choices are:
+
+       - AssemblyLevel::FULL  (default)
+       - AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL
+       - AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT
+       - AssemblyLevel::NONE
+
+       This method must be called before assembly. */
+   void SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel assembly_level)
+   {
+      blfr->SetAssemblyLevel(assembly_level);
+      blfi->SetAssemblyLevel(assembly_level);
+   }
+
   BilinearForm & real() { return *blfr; }
   BilinearForm & imag() { return *blfi; }
   const BilinearForm & real() const { return *blfr; }
@@ -478,7 +493,7 @@ public:
 /** Class for a parallel sesquilinear form

    A sesquilinear form is a generalization of a bilinear form to complex-valued
-    fields. Sesquilinear forms are linear in the second argument but but the
+    fields. Sesquilinear forms are linear in the second argument but the
    first argument involves a complex conjugate in the sense that:

                a(alpha u, beta v) = conj(alpha) beta a(u, v)
@@ -524,6 +539,21 @@ public:
   void SetConvention(const ComplexOperator::Convention &
                      convention) { conv = convention; }

+   /// Set the desired assembly level.
+   /** Valid choices are:
+
+       - AssemblyLevel::FULL  (default)
+       - AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL
+       - AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT
+       - AssemblyLevel::NONE
+
+       This method must be called before assembly. */
+   void SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel assembly_level)
+   {
+      pblfr->SetAssemblyLevel(assembly_level);
+      pblfi->SetAssemblyLevel(assembly_level);
+   }
+
   ParBilinearForm & real() { return *pblfr; }
   ParBilinearForm & imag() { return *pblfi; }
   const ParBilinearForm & real() const { return *pblfr; }
@@ -415,9 +415,6 @@ void VisItDataCollection::SetMesh(MPI_Comm comm, Mesh *new_mesh)
 void VisItDataCollection::RegisterField(const std::string& name,
                                        GridFunction *gf)
 {
-   DataCollection::RegisterField(name, gf);
-   field_info_map[name] = VisItFieldInfo("nodes", gf->VectorDim());
-
   int LOD = 1;
   if (gf->FESpace()->GetNURBSext())
   {
@@ -431,6 +428,27 @@ void VisItDataCollection::RegisterField(const std::string& name,
      }
   }

+   DataCollection::RegisterField(name, gf);
+   field_info_map[name] = VisItFieldInfo("nodes", gf->VectorDim(), LOD);
+   visit_levels_of_detail = std::max(visit_levels_of_detail, LOD);
+}
+
+void VisItDataCollection::RegisterQField(const std::string& name,
+                                         QuadratureFunction *qf)
+{
+   int LOD = -1;
+   Mesh *mesh = qf->GetSpace()->GetMesh();
+   for (int e=0; e<qf->GetSpace()->GetNE(); e++)
+   {
+      int locLOD = GlobGeometryRefiner.GetRefinementLevelFromElems(
+                      mesh->GetElementBaseGeometry(e),
+                      qf->GetElementIntRule(e).GetNPoints());
+
+      LOD = std::max(LOD,locLOD);
+   }
+
+   DataCollection::RegisterQField(name, qf);
+   field_info_map[name] = VisItFieldInfo("elements", 1, LOD);
   visit_levels_of_detail = std::max(visit_levels_of_detail, LOD);
 }

@@ -598,14 +616,28 @@ void VisItDataCollection::LoadFields()
      // TODO: 1) load parallel GridFunction on one processor
      if (serial)
      {
-         field_map.Register(it->first, new GridFunction(mesh, file), own_data);
+         if ((it->second).association == "nodes")
+         {
+            field_map.Register(it->first, new GridFunction(mesh, file), own_data);
+         }
+         else if ((it->second).association == "elements")
+         {
+            q_field_map.Register(it->first, new QuadratureFunction(mesh, file), own_data);
+         }
      }
      else
      {
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_MPI
-         field_map.Register(
-            it->first,
-            new ParGridFunction(dynamic_cast<ParMesh*>(mesh), file), own_data);
+         if ((it->second).association == "nodes")
+         {
+            field_map.Register(
+               it->first,
+               new ParGridFunction(dynamic_cast<ParMesh*>(mesh), file), own_data);
+         }
+         else if ((it->second).association == "elements")
+         {
+            q_field_map.Register(it->first, new QuadratureFunction(mesh, file), own_data);
+         }
 #else
         error = READ_ERROR;
         MFEM_WARNING("Reading parallel format in serial is not supported");
@@ -640,7 +672,7 @@ std::string VisItDataCollection::GetVisItRootString()
   {
      ftags["assoc"] = picojson::value((it->second).association);
      ftags["comps"] = picojson::value(to_string((it->second).num_components));
-      ftags["lod"] = picojson::value(to_string(visit_levels_of_detail));
+      ftags["lod"] = picojson::value(to_string((it->second).lod));
      field["path"] = picojson::value(path_str + it->first + file_ext_format);
      field["tags"] = picojson::value(ftags);
      fields[it->first] = picojson::value(field);
@@ -391,9 +391,10 @@ class VisItFieldInfo
 public:
   std::string association;
   int num_components;
-   VisItFieldInfo() { association = ""; num_components = 0; }
-   VisItFieldInfo(std::string _association, int _num_components)
-   { association = _association; num_components = _num_components; }
+   int lod;
+   VisItFieldInfo() { association = ""; num_components = 0; lod = 1;}
+   VisItFieldInfo(std::string _association, int _num_components, int _lod = 1)
+   { association = _association; num_components = _num_components; lod =_lod;}
 };

 /// Data collection with VisIt I/O routines
@@ -445,6 +446,12 @@ public:
   /// Add a grid function to the collection and update the root file
   virtual void RegisterField(const std::string& field_name, GridFunction *gf);

+   /// Add a quadrature function to the collection and update the root file.
+   /** Visualization of quadrature function is not supported in VisIt(3.12).
+       A patch has been sent to VisIt developers in June 2020. */
+   virtual void RegisterQField(const std::string& q_field_name,
+                               QuadratureFunction *qf);
+
   /// Set VisIt parameter: default levels of detail for the MultiresControl
   void SetLevelsOfDetail(int levels_of_detail);

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ public:
      ClosedUniform   = 4,  ///< Nodes: x_i = i/(n-1),     i=0,...,n-1
      OpenHalfUniform = 5,  ///< Nodes: x_i = (i+1/2)/n,   i=0,...,n-1
      Serendipity     = 6,  ///< Serendipity basis (squares / cubes)
-      NumBasisTypes   = 7   /**< Keep track of maximum types to prevent
+      ClosedGL        = 7,  ///< Closed GaussLegendre
+      NumBasisTypes   = 8   /**< Keep track of maximum types to prevent
                                 hard-coding */
   };
   /** @brief If the input does not represents a valid BasisType, abort with an
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ public:
         case ClosedUniform:   return Quadrature1D::ClosedUniform;
         case OpenHalfUniform: return Quadrature1D::OpenHalfUniform;
         case Serendipity:     return Quadrature1D::GaussLobatto;
+         case ClosedGL:        return Quadrature1D::ClosedGL;
      }
      return Quadrature1D::Invalid;
   }
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ public:
         case Quadrature1D::OpenUniform:     return OpenUniform;
         case Quadrature1D::ClosedUniform:   return ClosedUniform;
         case Quadrature1D::OpenHalfUniform: return OpenHalfUniform;
+         case Quadrature1D::ClosedGL:        return ClosedGL;
      }
      return Invalid;
   }
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ const Operator *FiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(
 }

 const QuadratureInterpolator *FiniteElementSpace::GetQuadratureInterpolator(
-   const IntegrationRule &ir) const
+   const IntegrationRule &ir, const DofToQuad::Mode mode) const
 {
   for (int i = 0; i < E2Q_array.Size(); i++)
   {
@@ -952,13 +952,13 @@ const QuadratureInterpolator *FiniteElementSpace::GetQuadratureInterpolator(
      if (qi->IntRule == &ir) { return qi; }
   }

-   QuadratureInterpolator *qi = new QuadratureInterpolator(*this, ir);
+   QuadratureInterpolator *qi = new QuadratureInterpolator(*this, ir, mode);
   E2Q_array.Append(qi);
   return qi;
 }

 const QuadratureInterpolator *FiniteElementSpace::GetQuadratureInterpolator(
-   const QuadratureSpace &qs) const
+   const QuadratureSpace &qs, const DofToQuad::Mode mode) const
 {
   for (int i = 0; i < E2Q_array.Size(); i++)
   {
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ const QuadratureInterpolator *FiniteElementSpace::GetQuadratureInterpolator(
      if (qi->qspace == &qs) { return qi; }
   }

-   QuadratureInterpolator *qi = new QuadratureInterpolator(*this, qs);
+   QuadratureInterpolator *qi = new QuadratureInterpolator(*this, qs, mode);
   E2Q_array.Append(qi);
   return qi;
 }
@@ -983,8 +983,8 @@ const FaceQuadratureInterpolator
         if (qi->IntRule == &ir) { return qi; }
      }

-      FaceQuadratureInterpolator *qi = new FaceQuadratureInterpolator(*this, ir,
-                                                                      type);
+      FaceQuadratureInterpolator *qi =
+         new FaceQuadratureInterpolator(*this, ir, type);
      E2IFQ_array.Append(qi);
      return qi;
   }
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ public:
       All elements will use the same IntegrationRule, @a ir as the target
       quadrature points. */
   const QuadratureInterpolator *GetQuadratureInterpolator(
-      const IntegrationRule &ir) const;
+      const IntegrationRule &ir, const DofToQuad::Mode = DofToQuad::FULL) const;

   /** @brief Return a QuadratureInterpolator that interpolates E-vectors to
       quadrature point values and/or derivatives (Q-vectors). */
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ public:
       The target quadrature points in the elements are described by the given
       QuadratureSpace, @a qs. */
   const QuadratureInterpolator *GetQuadratureInterpolator(
-      const QuadratureSpace &qs) const;
+      const QuadratureSpace &qs, const DofToQuad::Mode = DofToQuad::FULL) const;

   /** @brief Return a FaceQuadratureInterpolator that interpolates E-vectors to
       quadrature point values and/or derivatives (Q-vectors). */
@@ -756,6 +756,12 @@ public:
   /// Return the total number of quadrature points.
   int GetSize() const { return size; }

+   /// Returns the mesh
+   inline Mesh *GetMesh() const { return mesh; }
+
+   /// Returns number of elements in the mesh.
+   inline int GetNE() const { return mesh->GetNE(); }
+
   /// Get the IntegrationRule associated with mesh element @a idx.
   const IntegrationRule &GetElementIntRule(int idx) const
   { return *int_rule[mesh->GetElementBaseGeometry(idx)]; }
@@ -1344,15 +1344,14 @@ const IntegrationRule *GeometryRefiner::RefineInterior(Geometry::Type Geom,
            return NULL;
         }
         ir = FindInIntPts(Geom, Times-1);
-         if (ir == NULL)
+         if (ir) { return ir; }
+
+         ir = new IntegrationRule(Times-1);
+         for (int i = 1; i < Times; i++)
         {
-            ir = new IntegrationRule(Times-1);
-            for (int i = 1; i < Times; i++)
-            {
-               IntegrationPoint &ip = ir->IntPoint(i-1);
-               ip.x = double(i) / Times;
-               ip.y = ip.z = 0.0;
-            }
+            IntegrationPoint &ip = ir->IntPoint(i-1);
+            ip.x = double(i) / Times;
+            ip.y = ip.z = 0.0;
         }
      }
      break;
@@ -1364,18 +1363,17 @@ const IntegrationRule *GeometryRefiner::RefineInterior(Geometry::Type Geom,
            return NULL;
         }
         ir = FindInIntPts(Geom, ((Times-1)*(Times-2))/2);
-         if (ir == NULL)
-         {
-            ir = new IntegrationRule(((Times-1)*(Times-2))/2);
-            for (int k = 0, j = 1; j < Times-1; j++)
-               for (int i = 1; i < Times-j; i++, k++)
-               {
-                  IntegrationPoint &ip = ir->IntPoint(k);
-                  ip.x = double(i) / Times;
-                  ip.y = double(j) / Times;
-                  ip.z = 0.0;
-               }
-         }
+         if (ir) { return ir; }
+
+         ir = new IntegrationRule(((Times-1)*(Times-2))/2);
+         for (int k = 0, j = 1; j < Times-1; j++)
+            for (int i = 1; i < Times-j; i++, k++)
+            {
+               IntegrationPoint &ip = ir->IntPoint(k);
+               ip.x = double(i) / Times;
+               ip.y = double(j) / Times;
+               ip.z = 0.0;
+            }
      }
      break;

@@ -1386,18 +1384,17 @@ const IntegrationRule *GeometryRefiner::RefineInterior(Geometry::Type Geom,
            return NULL;
         }
         ir = FindInIntPts(Geom, (Times-1)*(Times-1));
-         if (ir == NULL)
-         {
-            ir = new IntegrationRule((Times-1)*(Times-1));
-            for (int k = 0, j = 1; j < Times; j++)
-               for (int i = 1; i < Times; i++, k++)
-               {
-                  IntegrationPoint &ip = ir->IntPoint(k);
-                  ip.x = double(i) / Times;
-                  ip.y = double(j) / Times;
-                  ip.z = 0.0;
-               }
-         }
+         if (ir) { return ir; }
+
+         ir = new IntegrationRule((Times-1)*(Times-1));
+         for (int k = 0, j = 1; j < Times; j++)
+            for (int i = 1; i < Times; i++, k++)
+            {
+               IntegrationPoint &ip = ir->IntPoint(k);
+               ip.x = double(i) / Times;
+               ip.y = double(j) / Times;
+               ip.z = 0.0;
+            }
      }
      break;

@@ -1405,10 +1402,121 @@ const IntegrationRule *GeometryRefiner::RefineInterior(Geometry::Type Geom,
         mfem_error("GeometryRefiner::RefineInterior(...)");
   }

-   if (ir) { IntPts[Geom].Append(ir); }
+   MFEM_ASSERT(ir != NULL, "Failed to construct the refined IntegrationRule.");
+   IntPts[Geom].Append(ir);
+
   return ir;
 }

+
+int GeometryRefiner::GetRefinementLevelFromPoints(Geometry::Type geom, int Npts)
+{
+   switch (geom)
+   {
+      case Geometry::POINT:
+      {
+         return -1;
+      }
+      case Geometry::SEGMENT:
+      {
+         return Npts -1;
+      }
+      case Geometry::TRIANGLE:
+      {
+         for (int n = 0, np = 0; (n < 15) && (np < Npts) ; n++)
+         {
+            np = (n+1)*(n+2)/2;
+            if (np == Npts) { return n; }
+         }
+         return -1;
+      }
+      case Geometry::SQUARE:
+      {
+         for (int n = 0, np = 0; (n < 15) && (np < Npts) ; n++)
+         {
+            np = (n+1)*(n+1);
+            if (np == Npts) { return n; }
+         }
+         return -1;
+      }
+      case Geometry::CUBE:
+      {
+         for (int n = 0, np = 0; (n < 15) && (np < Npts) ; n++)
+         {
+            np = (n+1)*(n+1)*(n+1);
+            if (np == Npts) { return n; }
+         }
+         return -1;
+      }
+      case Geometry::TETRAHEDRON:
+      {
+         for (int n = 0, np = 0; (n < 15) && (np < Npts) ; n++)
+         {
+            np = (n+3)*(n+2)*(n+1)/6;
+            if (np == Npts) { return n; }
+         }
+         return -1;
+      }
+      case Geometry::PRISM:
+      {
+         for (int n = 0, np = 0; (n < 15) && (np < Npts) ; n++)
+         {
+            np = (n+1)*(n+1)*(n+2)/2;
+            if (np == Npts) { return n; }
+         }
+         return -1;
+      }
+      default:
+      {
+         mfem_error("Non existing Geometry.");
+      }
+   }
+
+   return -1;
+}
+
+
+int GeometryRefiner::GetRefinementLevelFromElems(Geometry::Type geom, int Nels)
+{
+   switch (geom)
+   {
+      case Geometry::POINT:
+      {
+         return -1;
+      }
+      case Geometry::SEGMENT:
+      {
+         return Nels;
+      }
+      case Geometry::TRIANGLE:
+      case Geometry::SQUARE:
+      {
+         for (int n = 0; (n < 15) && (n*n < Nels+1) ; n++)
+         {
+            if (n*n == Nels) { return n-1; }
+         }
+         return -1;
+      }
+      case Geometry::CUBE:
+      case Geometry::TETRAHEDRON:
+      case Geometry::PRISM:
+      {
+         for (int n = 0; (n < 15) && (n*n*n < Nels+1) ; n++)
+         {
+            if (n*n*n == Nels) { return n-1; }
+         }
+         return -1;
+      }
+      default:
+      {
+         mfem_error("Non existing Geometry.");
+      }
+   }
+
+   return -1;
+}
+
+
 GeometryRefiner GlobGeometryRefiner;

 }
@@ -273,6 +273,12 @@ public:
   /// @note This method always uses Quadrature1D::OpenUniform points.
   const IntegrationRule *RefineInterior(Geometry::Type Geom, int Times);

+   /// Get the Refinement level based on number of points
+   virtual int GetRefinementLevelFromPoints(Geometry::Type Geom, int Npts);
+
+   /// Get the Refinement level based on number of elements
+   virtual int GetRefinementLevelFromElems(Geometry::Type geom, int Npts);
+
   ~GeometryRefiner();
 };

@@ -397,8 +397,16 @@ const
   fes->DofsToVDofs(vdim-1, dofs);
   Vector DofVal(dofs.Size()), LocVec;
   const FiniteElement *fe = fes->GetFE(i);
-   MFEM_ASSERT(fe->GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE, "invalid FE map type");
-   fe->CalcShape(ip, DofVal);
+   if (fe->GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE)
+   {
+      fe->CalcShape(ip, DofVal);
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      ElementTransformation *Tr = fes->GetElementTransformation(i);
+      Tr->SetIntPoint(&ip);
+      fe->CalcPhysShape(*Tr, DofVal);
+   }
   GetSubVector(dofs, LocVec);

   return (DofVal * LocVec);
@@ -415,10 +423,17 @@ void GridFunction::GetVectorValue(int i, const IntegrationPoint &ip,
   GetSubVector(vdofs, loc_data);
   if (FElem->GetRangeType() == FiniteElement::SCALAR)
   {
-      MFEM_ASSERT(FElem->GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE,
-                  "invalid FE map type");
      Vector shape(dof);
-      FElem->CalcShape(ip, shape);
+      if (FElem->GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE)
+      {
+         FElem->CalcShape(ip, shape);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         ElementTransformation *Tr = fes->GetElementTransformation(i);
+         Tr->SetIntPoint(&ip);
+         FElem->CalcPhysShape(*Tr, shape);
+      }
      int vdim = fes->GetVDim();
      val.SetSize(vdim);
      for (int k = 0; k < vdim; k++)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public:
       have the same size.

       @note Defining this method overwrites the implicitly defined copy
-       assignemnt operator. */
+       assignment operator. */
   GridFunction &operator=(const GridFunction &rhs)
   { return operator=((const Vector &)rhs); }

@@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ public:
                           int vdim = 1) const;

   /** Return a vector value from within the given element. */
-   void GetVectorValue(int i, const IntegrationPoint &ip, Vector &val) const;
+   virtual void GetVectorValue(int i, const IntegrationPoint &ip,
+                               Vector &val) const;
   ///@}

   /** @name Element Index Get Values Methods
@@ -713,7 +714,7 @@ public:
       the same size.

       @note Defining this method overwrites the implicitly defined copy
-       assignemnt operator. */
+       assignment operator. */
   QuadratureFunction &operator=(const QuadratureFunction &v);

   /// Get the IntegrationRule associated with mesh element @a idx.
@@ -618,6 +618,26 @@ void QuadratureFunctions1D::OpenHalfUniform(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
   CalculateUniformWeights(ir, Quadrature1D::OpenHalfUniform);
 }

+void QuadratureFunctions1D::ClosedGL(const int np, IntegrationRule* ir)
+{
+   ir->SetSize(np);
+   ir->IntPoint(0).x = 0.0;
+   ir->IntPoint(np-1).x = 1.0;
+
+   if ( np > 2 )
+   {
+      IntegrationRule gl_ir;
+      GaussLegendre(np-1, &gl_ir);
+
+      for (int i = 1; i < np-1; ++i)
+      {
+         ir->IntPoint(i).x = (gl_ir.IntPoint(i-1).x + gl_ir.IntPoint(i).x)/2;
+      }
+   }
+
+   CalculateUniformWeights(ir, Quadrature1D::ClosedGL);
+}
+
 void QuadratureFunctions1D::GivePolyPoints(const int np, double *pts,
                                           const int type)
 {
@@ -650,6 +670,11 @@ void QuadratureFunctions1D::GivePolyPoints(const int np, double *pts,
         OpenHalfUniform(np, &ir);
         break;
      }
+      case Quadrature1D::ClosedGL:
+      {
+         ClosedGL(np, &ir);
+         break;
+      }
      default:
      {
         MFEM_ABORT("Asking for an unknown type of 1D Quadrature points, "
@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@ public:
   void OpenUniform(const int np, IntegrationRule *ir);
   void ClosedUniform(const int np, IntegrationRule *ir);
   void OpenHalfUniform(const int np, IntegrationRule *ir);
+   void ClosedGL(const int np, IntegrationRule *ir);
   ///@}

   /// A helper function that will play nice with Poly_1D::OpenPoints and
@@ -293,7 +294,8 @@ public:
      GaussLobatto    = 1,
      OpenUniform     = 2,  ///< aka open Newton-Cotes
      ClosedUniform   = 3,  ///< aka closed Newton-Cotes
-      OpenHalfUniform = 4   ///< aka "open half" Newton-Cotes
+      OpenHalfUniform = 4,  ///< aka "open half" Newton-Cotes
+      ClosedGL        = 5   ///< aka closed Gauss Legendre
   };
   /** @brief If the Quadrature1D type is not closed return Invalid; otherwise
       return type. */
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ static void InitCeedNonTensorBasisAndRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
   Vector qweight(Q);
   Vector shape_i(P);
   DenseMatrix grad_i(P, dim);
+
+   CeedInt compstride = fes.GetOrdering()==Ordering::byVDIM ? 1 : fes.GetNDofs();
   const Table &el_dof = fes.GetElementToDofTable();
   Array<int> tp_el_dof(el_dof.Size_of_connections());
   const TensorBasisElement * tfe =
@@ -128,7 +130,15 @@ static void InitCeedNonTensorBasisAndRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
         const int el_offset = fe->GetDof() * i;
         for (int j = 0; j < fe->GetDof(); j++)
         {
-            tp_el_dof[j + el_offset] = el_dof.GetJ()[dof_map[j] + el_offset];
+            if (compstride == 1)
+            {
+               tp_el_dof[j + el_offset] = fes.GetVDim()*
+                                          el_dof.GetJ()[dof_map[j] + el_offset];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               tp_el_dof[j + el_offset] = el_dof.GetJ()[dof_map[j] + el_offset];
+            }
         }
      }
   }
@@ -157,20 +167,23 @@ static void InitCeedNonTensorBasisAndRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
      {
         for (int i = 0; i < P; i++)
         {
-            tp_el_dof[i + e*P] = el_dof.GetJ()[i + e*P];
+            if (compstride == 1)
+            {
+               tp_el_dof[i + e*P] = fes.GetVDim()*el_dof.GetJ()[i + e*P];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               tp_el_dof[i + e*P] = el_dof.GetJ()[i + e*P];
+            }
         }
      }
   }
   CeedBasisCreateH1(ceed, GetCeedTopology(fe->GetGeomType()), fes.GetVDim(),
                     fe->GetDof(), ir.GetNPoints(), shape.GetData(),
                     grad.GetData(), qref.GetData(), qweight.GetData(), basis);
-   CeedInterlaceMode imode = CEED_NONINTERLACED;
-   if (fes.GetOrdering()==Ordering::byVDIM)
-   {
-      imode = CEED_INTERLACED;
-   }
-   CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, imode, mesh->GetNE(), fe->GetDof(),
-                             fes.GetNDofs(), fes.GetVDim(), CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_COPY_VALUES,
+   CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, mesh->GetNE(), fe->GetDof(), fes.GetVDim(),
+                             compstride, (fes.GetVDim())*(fes.GetNDofs()),
+                             CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_COPY_VALUES,
                             tp_el_dof.GetData(), restr);
 }

@@ -215,6 +228,7 @@ static void InitCeedTensorBasisAndRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
                           grad1d.GetData(), qref1d.GetData(),
                           qweight1d.GetData(), basis);

+   CeedInt compstride = fes.GetOrdering()==Ordering::byVDIM ? 1 : fes.GetNDofs();
   const Table &el_dof = fes.GetElementToDofTable();
   Array<int> tp_el_dof(el_dof.Size_of_connections());
   for (int i = 0; i < mesh->GetNE(); i++)
@@ -222,16 +236,20 @@ static void InitCeedTensorBasisAndRestriction(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
      const int el_offset = fe->GetDof() * i;
      for (int j = 0; j < fe->GetDof(); j++)
      {
-         tp_el_dof[j + el_offset] = el_dof.GetJ()[dof_map[j] + el_offset];
+         if (compstride == 1)
+         {
+            tp_el_dof[j + el_offset] = fes.GetVDim()*
+                                       el_dof.GetJ()[dof_map[j] + el_offset];
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            tp_el_dof[j + el_offset] = el_dof.GetJ()[dof_map[j] + el_offset];
+         }
      }
   }
-   CeedInterlaceMode imode = CEED_NONINTERLACED;
-   if (fes.GetOrdering()==Ordering::byVDIM)
-   {
-      imode = CEED_INTERLACED;
-   }
-   CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, imode, mesh->GetNE(), fe->GetDof(),
-                             fes.GetNDofs(), fes.GetVDim(), CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_COPY_VALUES,
+   CeedElemRestrictionCreate(ceed, mesh->GetNE(), fe->GetDof(), fes.GetVDim(),
+                             compstride, (fes.GetVDim())*(fes.GetNDofs()),
+                             CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_COPY_VALUES,
                             tp_el_dof.GetData(), restr);
 }

@@ -298,8 +316,9 @@ void CeedPAAssemble(const CeedPAOperator& op,
   CeedBasisGetNumQuadraturePoints(ceedData.basis, &nqpts);

   const int qdatasize = op.qdatasize;
-   CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed, nelem, nqpts, nelem*nqpts, qdatasize,
-                                    CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND, &ceedData.restr_i);
+   CeedElemRestrictionCreateStrided(ceed, nelem, nqpts, qdatasize,
+                                    nelem*nqpts*qdatasize, CEED_STRIDES_BACKEND,
+                                    &ceedData.restr_i);

   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, mesh->GetNodes()->Size(), &ceedData.node_coords);
   CeedVectorSetArray(ceedData.node_coords, CEED_MEM_HOST, CEED_USE_POINTER,
@@ -396,6 +415,59 @@ void CeedPAAssemble(const CeedPAOperator& op,
   CeedVectorCreate(ceed, fes.GetNDofs(), &ceedData.v);
 }

+void CeedAddMultPA(const CeedData *ceedDataPtr,
+                   const Vector &x,
+                   Vector &y)
+{
+   const CeedScalar *x_ptr;
+   CeedScalar *y_ptr;
+   CeedMemType mem;
+   CeedGetPreferredMemType(internal::ceed, &mem);
+   if ( Device::Allows(Backend::CUDA) && mem==CEED_MEM_DEVICE )
+   {
+      x_ptr = x.Read();
+      y_ptr = y.ReadWrite();
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      x_ptr = x.HostRead();
+      y_ptr = y.HostReadWrite();
+      mem = CEED_MEM_HOST;
+   }
+   CeedVectorSetArray(ceedDataPtr->u, mem, CEED_USE_POINTER,
+                      const_cast<CeedScalar*>(x_ptr));
+   CeedVectorSetArray(ceedDataPtr->v, mem, CEED_USE_POINTER, y_ptr);
+
+   CeedOperatorApplyAdd(ceedDataPtr->oper, ceedDataPtr->u, ceedDataPtr->v,
+                        CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
+
+   CeedVectorTakeArray(ceedDataPtr->u, mem, const_cast<CeedScalar**>(&x_ptr));
+   CeedVectorTakeArray(ceedDataPtr->v, mem, &y_ptr);
+}
+
+void CeedAssembleDiagonalPA(const CeedData *ceedDataPtr,
+                            Vector &diag)
+{
+   CeedScalar *d_ptr;
+   CeedMemType mem;
+   CeedGetPreferredMemType(internal::ceed, &mem);
+   if ( Device::Allows(Backend::CUDA) && mem==CEED_MEM_DEVICE )
+   {
+      d_ptr = diag.ReadWrite();
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      d_ptr = diag.HostReadWrite();
+      mem = CEED_MEM_HOST;
+   }
+   CeedVectorSetArray(ceedDataPtr->v, mem, CEED_USE_POINTER, d_ptr);
+
+   CeedOperatorLinearAssembleAddDiagonal(ceedDataPtr->oper, ceedDataPtr->v,
+                                         CEED_REQUEST_IMMEDIATE);
+
+   CeedVectorTakeArray(ceedDataPtr->v, mem, &d_ptr);
+}
+
 } // namespace mfem

 #endif // MFEM_USE_CEED
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@

 #ifdef MFEM_USE_CEED
 #include "../../general/device.hpp"
+#include "../../linalg/vector.hpp"
 #include <ceed.h>

 namespace mfem
@@ -144,6 +145,15 @@ const std::string &GetCeedPath();
 void CeedPAAssemble(const CeedPAOperator& op,
                    CeedData& ceedData);

+/** @brief Function that applies a libCEED PA operator. */
+void CeedAddMultPA(const CeedData *ceedDataPtr,
+                   const Vector &x,
+                   Vector &y);
+
+/** @brief Function that assembles a libCEED PA operator diagonal. */
+void CeedAssembleDiagonalPA(const CeedData *ceedDataPtr,
+                            Vector &diag);
+
 /** @brief Function that determines if a CEED kernel should be used, based on
    the current mfem::Device configuration. */
 inline bool DeviceCanUseCeed()
@@ -199,7 +199,8 @@ void LinearForm::Assemble()
 void LinearForm::Update(FiniteElementSpace *f, Vector &v, int v_offset)
 {
   fes = f;
-   NewDataAndSize((double *)v + v_offset, fes->GetVSize());
+   NewMemoryAndSize(Memory<double>(v.GetMemory(), v_offset, f->GetVSize()),
+                    f->GetVSize(), false);
   ResetDeltaLocations();
 }

@@ -135,11 +135,18 @@ void Multigrid::SetOperator(const Operator& op)
   MFEM_ABORT("SetOperator not supported in Multigrid");
 }

-void Multigrid::SmoothingStep(int level) const
+void Multigrid::SmoothingStep(int level, bool transpose) const
 {
   GetOperatorAtLevel(level)->Mult(*Y[level], *R[level]); // r = A x
   subtract(*X[level], *R[level], *R[level]);             // r = b - A x
-   GetSmootherAtLevel(level)->Mult(*R[level], *Z[level]); // z = S r
+   if (transpose)
+   {
+      GetSmootherAtLevel(level)->MultTranspose(*R[level], *Z[level]); // z = S r
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      GetSmootherAtLevel(level)->Mult(*R[level], *Z[level]); // z = S r
+   }
   add(*Y[level], 1.0, *Z[level], *Y[level]);             // x = x + S (b - A x)
 }

@@ -153,7 +160,7 @@ void Multigrid::Cycle(int level) const

   for (int i = 0; i < preSmoothingSteps; i++)
   {
-      SmoothingStep(level);
+      SmoothingStep(level, false);
   }

   // Compute residual
@@ -187,7 +194,7 @@ void Multigrid::Cycle(int level) const
   // Post-smooth
   for (int i = 0; i < postSmoothingSteps; i++)
   {
-      SmoothingStep(level);
+      SmoothingStep(level, true);
   }
 }

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public:

 private:
   /// Application of a smoothing step at particular level
-   void SmoothingStep(int level) const;
+   void SmoothingStep(int level, bool transpose) const;

   /// Application of a cycle at particular level
   void Cycle(int level) const;
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 // CONTRIBUTING.md for details.

 #include "fem.hpp"
+#include "../general/forall.hpp"

 namespace mfem
 {
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ void NonlinearForm::SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel assembly_level)
         // This is the default behavior.
         break;
      case AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL:
-         ext = new PANonlinearFormExtension(this);
+         ext = new PANonlinearForm(this);
         break;
      default:
         mfem_error("Unknown assembly level for this form.");
@@ -80,6 +81,13 @@ void NonlinearForm::SetEssentialVDofs(const Array<int> &ess_vdofs_list)

 double NonlinearForm::GetGridFunctionEnergy(const Vector &x) const
 {
+   if (ext)
+   {
+      MFEM_VERIFY(!fnfi.Size(), "Interior faces terms not yet implemented!");
+      MFEM_VERIFY(!bfnfi.Size(), "Boundary face terms not yet implemented!");
+      return ext->GetGridFunctionEnergy(x);
+   }
+
   Array<int> vdofs;
   Vector el_x;
   const FiniteElement *fe;
@@ -138,6 +146,14 @@ void NonlinearForm::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
   if (ext)
   {
      ext->Mult(px, py);
+      if (Serial())
+      {
+         if (cP) { cP->MultTranspose(py, y); }
+         const int N = ess_tdof_list.Size();
+         const auto tdof = ess_tdof_list.Read();
+         auto Y = y.ReadWrite();
+         MFEM_FORALL(i, N, Y[tdof[i]] = 0.0; );
+      }
      return;
   }

@@ -264,7 +280,16 @@ Operator &NonlinearForm::GetGradient(const Vector &x) const
 {
   if (ext)
   {
-      MFEM_ABORT("Not yet implemented!");
+      Operator &grad = ext->GetGradient(Prolongate(x));
+      hGrad.Reset(&grad, false);
+      if (Serial())
+      {
+         Operator *Gop;
+         if (cP) { hGrad.Reset(new RAPOperator(*cP, grad, *cP)); }
+         hGrad.Ptr()->Operator::FormSystemOperator(ess_tdof_list, Gop);
+         hGrad.Reset(Gop);
+      }
+      return *hGrad.Ptr();
   }

   const int skip_zeros = 0;
@@ -426,7 +451,31 @@ void NonlinearForm::Update()

 void NonlinearForm::Setup()
 {
-   if (ext) { return ext->AssemblePA(); }
+   if (ext) { return ext->Setup(); }
+}
+
+void NonlinearForm::AssembleGradientDiagonal(Vector &diag) const
+{
+   if (ext)
+   {
+      MFEM_ASSERT(diag.Size() == fes->GetTrueVSize(),
+                  "Vector for holding diagonal has wrong size!");
+      const Operator *P = fes->GetProlongationMatrix();
+      if (!IsIdentityProlongation(P))
+      {
+         Vector local_diag(P->Height());
+         ext->AssembleGradientDiagonal(local_diag);
+         P->MultTranspose(local_diag, diag);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         ext->AssembleGradientDiagonal(diag);
+      }
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      MFEM_ABORT("Not implemented. Can be obtained through GetGradient().");
+   }
 }

 NonlinearForm::~NonlinearForm()
@@ -933,6 +982,17 @@ Operator &BlockNonlinearForm::GetGradientBlocked(const BlockVector &bx) const
      }
   }

+   if (!Grads(0,0)->Finalized())
+   {
+      for (int i=0; i<fes.Size(); ++i)
+      {
+         for (int j=0; j<fes.Size(); ++j)
+         {
+            Grads(i,j)->Finalize(skip_zeros);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
   for (int s=0; s<fes.Size(); ++s)
   {
      for (int i = 0; i < ess_vdofs[s]->Size(); ++i)
@@ -952,17 +1012,6 @@ Operator &BlockNonlinearForm::GetGradientBlocked(const BlockVector &bx) const
      }
   }

-   if (!Grads(0,0)->Finalized())
-   {
-      for (int i=0; i<fes.Size(); ++i)
-      {
-         for (int j=0; j<fes.Size(); ++j)
-         {
-            Grads(i,j)->Finalize(skip_zeros);
-         }
-      }
-   }
-
   for (int i=0; i<fes.Size(); ++i)
   {
      for (int j=0; j<fes.Size(); ++j)
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ protected:
   Array<Array<int>*>              bfnfi_marker; // not owned

   mutable SparseMatrix *Grad, *cGrad; // owned
+   mutable OperatorHandle hGrad;

   /// A list of all essential true dofs
   Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
@@ -165,6 +166,15 @@ public:
   /// Setup the NonlinearForm
   virtual void Setup();

+   /** @brief Assemble the diagonal of the gradient into diag
+
+       For adaptively refined meshes, this returns P^T d_e, where d_e is the
+       locally assembled diagonal on each element and P^T is the transpose of
+       the conforming prolongation. In general this is not the correct diagonal
+       for an AMR mesh. */
+   void AssembleGradientDiagonal(Vector &diag) const;
+
+
   /// Get the finite element space prolongation matrix
   virtual const Operator *GetProlongation() const { return P; }
   /// Get the finite element space restriction matrix
@@ -13,62 +13,101 @@
 // PABilinearFormExtension and MFBilinearFormExtension.

 #include "nonlinearform.hpp"
+#include "../general/forall.hpp"

 namespace mfem
 {

-NonlinearFormExtension::NonlinearFormExtension(NonlinearForm *form)
-   : Operator(form->FESpace()->GetTrueVSize()), n(form)
+NonlinearFormExtension::NonlinearFormExtension(const NonlinearForm *nlf)
+   : Operator(nlf->FESpace()->GetTrueVSize()), nlf(nlf) { }
+
+PANonlinearForm::PANonlinearForm(NonlinearForm *nlf):
+   NonlinearFormExtension(nlf),
+   x_grad(NULL),
+   fes(*nlf->FESpace()),
+   dnfi(*nlf->GetDNFI()),
+   R(fes.GetElementRestriction(ElementDofOrdering::LEXICOGRAPHIC))
 {
-   // empty
+   MFEM_VERIFY(R, "Not yet implemented!");
+   xe.SetSize(R->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
+   ye.SetSize(R->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
+   ye.UseDevice(true);
 }

-PANonlinearFormExtension::PANonlinearFormExtension(NonlinearForm *form):
-   NonlinearFormExtension(form), fes(*form->FESpace())
+double PANonlinearForm::GetGridFunctionEnergy(const Vector &x) const
 {
-   const ElementDofOrdering ordering = ElementDofOrdering::LEXICOGRAPHIC;
-   elem_restrict_lex = fes.GetElementRestriction(ordering);
-   if (elem_restrict_lex)
+   double energy = 0.0;
+
+   R->Mult(x, xe);
+   for (int i = 0; i < dnfi.Size(); i++)
   {
-      localX.SetSize(elem_restrict_lex->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
-      localY.SetSize(elem_restrict_lex->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
-      localY.UseDevice(true); // ensure 'localY = 0.0' is done on device
+      energy += dnfi[i]->GetGridFunctionEnergyPA(xe);
   }
+   return energy;
 }

-void PANonlinearFormExtension::AssemblePA()
+void PANonlinearForm::Setup()
 {
-   Array<NonlinearFormIntegrator*> &integrators = *n->GetDNFI();
-   const int Ni = integrators.Size();
-   for (int i = 0; i < Ni; ++i)
-   {
-      integrators[i]->AssemblePA(*n->FESpace());
-   }
+   for (int i = 0; i < dnfi.Size(); ++i) { dnfi[i]->AssemblePA(fes); }
 }

-void PANonlinearFormExtension::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
+void PANonlinearForm::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
 {
-   Array<NonlinearFormIntegrator*> &integrators = *n->GetDNFI();
-   const int iSz = integrators.Size();
-   if (elem_restrict_lex)
-   {
-      elem_restrict_lex->Mult(x, localX);
-      localY = 0.0;
-      for (int i = 0; i < iSz; ++i)
-      {
-         integrators[i]->AddMultPA(localX, localY);
-      }
-      elem_restrict_lex->MultTranspose(localY, y);
-   }
-   else
-   {
-      y.UseDevice(true); // typically this is a large vector, so store on device
-      y = 0.0;
-      for (int i = 0; i < iSz; ++i)
-      {
-         integrators[i]->AddMultPA(x, y);
-      }
-   }
+   ye = 0.0;
+   R->Mult(x, xe);
+   for (int i = 0; i < dnfi.Size(); ++i) { dnfi[i]->AddMultPA(xe, ye); }
+   R->MultTranspose(ye, y);
 }

+void PANonlinearForm::AssembleGradientDiagonal(Vector &diag) const
+{
+   MFEM_VERIFY(x_grad, "GetGradient() has not been called");
+   R->Mult(*x_grad, xe);
+
+   ye = 0.0;
+   for (int i = 0; i < dnfi.Size(); ++i)
+   {
+      dnfi[i]->AssembleGradientDiagonalPA(xe, ye);
+   }
+   R->MultTranspose(ye, diag);
 }
+
+Operator &PANonlinearForm::GetGradient(const Vector &x) const
+{
+   // Store the last x that was used to compute the gradient.
+   x_grad = &x;
+
+   Grad.Reset(new PANonlinearForm::Gradient(x, *this));
+   return *Grad.Ptr();
+}
+
+PANonlinearForm::Gradient::Gradient(const Vector &x, const PANonlinearForm &e):
+   Operator(e.fes.GetVSize()), R(e.R), dnfi(e.dnfi)
+{
+   ge.UseDevice(true);
+   ge.SetSize(R->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
+   R->Mult(x, ge);
+
+   xe.UseDevice(true);
+   xe.SetSize(R->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
+
+   ye.UseDevice(true);
+   ye.SetSize(R->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
+
+   ze.UseDevice(true);
+   ze.SetSize(R->Height(), Device::GetMemoryType());
+
+   // Do we still need to do this?
+   for (int i = 0; i < dnfi.Size(); ++i) { dnfi[i]->AssemblePA(e.fes); }
+}
+
+void PANonlinearForm::Gradient::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
+{
+   ze = x;
+   ye = 0.0;
+   R->Mult(ze, xe);
+   for (int i = 0; i < dnfi.Size(); ++i) { dnfi[i]->AddMultGradPA(ge, xe, ye); }
+   R->MultTranspose(ye, y);
+}
+
+} // namespace mfem
@@ -17,28 +17,60 @@

 namespace mfem
 {
-class NonlinearForm;

+class NonlinearForm;
+class NonlinearFormIntegrator;
+
+/** @brief Class extending the NonlinearForm class to support the different
+    AssemblyLevel%s. */
 class NonlinearFormExtension : public Operator
 {
 protected:
-   NonlinearForm *n; ///< Not owned
+   const NonlinearForm *nlf;
 public:
-   NonlinearFormExtension(NonlinearForm *form);
-   virtual void AssemblePA() = 0;
+   NonlinearFormExtension(const NonlinearForm*);
+   virtual void Setup() = 0;
+   virtual Operator &GetGradient(const Vector&) const = 0;
+   virtual double GetGridFunctionEnergy(const Vector &x) const = 0;
+   virtual void AssembleGradientDiagonal(Vector &diag) const
+   {
+      MFEM_ABORT("Not implemented for this assembly level!");
+   }
 };

+class PANonlinearForm;
+
+
 /// Data and methods for partially-assembled nonlinear forms
-class PANonlinearFormExtension : public NonlinearFormExtension
+class PANonlinearForm : public NonlinearFormExtension
 {
+private:
+   class Gradient : public Operator
+   {
+   protected:
+      const Operator *R;
+      mutable Vector ge, xe, ye, ze;
+      const Array<NonlinearFormIntegrator*> &dnfi;
+   public:
+      Gradient(const Vector &x, const PANonlinearForm &ext);
+      virtual void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
+   };
+
 protected:
-   const FiniteElementSpace &fes; // Not owned
-   mutable Vector localX, localY;
-   const Operator *elem_restrict_lex; // Not owned
+   mutable Vector xe, ye;
+   mutable const Vector *x_grad;
+   mutable OperatorHandle Grad;
+   const FiniteElementSpace &fes;
+   const Array<NonlinearFormIntegrator*> &dnfi;
+   const Operator *R;
+
 public:
-   PANonlinearFormExtension(NonlinearForm*);
-   void AssemblePA();
+   PANonlinearForm(NonlinearForm *nlf);
+   void Setup();
   void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
+   Operator &GetGradient(const Vector &x) const;
+   double GetGridFunctionEnergy(const Vector &x) const;
+   void AssembleGradientDiagonal(Vector &diag) const;
 };
 }
 #endif // NONLINEARFORM_EXT_HPP
@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@
 namespace mfem
 {

+double NonlinearFormIntegrator::GetGridFunctionEnergyPA(const Vector &x) const
+{
+   mfem_error ("NonlinearFormIntegrator::GetGridFunctionEnergyPA(...)\n"
+               "   is not implemented for this class.");
+   return 0.0;
+}
+
 void NonlinearFormIntegrator::AssemblePA(const FiniteElementSpace&)
 {
   mfem_error ("NonlinearFormIntegrator::AssemblePA(...)\n"
@@ -34,6 +41,20 @@ void NonlinearFormIntegrator::AddMultPA(const Vector &, Vector &) const
               "   is not implemented for this class.");
 }

+void NonlinearFormIntegrator::AddMultGradPA(const Vector&,
+                                            const Vector&, Vector&) const
+{
+   mfem_error ("NonlinearFormIntegrator::AddMultGradPA(...)\n"
+               "   is not implemented for this class.");
+}
+
+void NonlinearFormIntegrator::AssembleGradientDiagonalPA(const mfem::Vector &x,
+                                                         mfem::Vector &diag) const
+{
+   mfem_error ("NonlinearFormIntegrator::AssembleDiagonalPA(...)\n"
+               "   is not implemented for this class.");
+}
+
 void NonlinearFormIntegrator::AssembleElementVector(
   const FiniteElement &el, ElementTransformation &Tr,
   const Vector &elfun, Vector &elvect)
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ public:
                                   ElementTransformation &Tr,
                                   const Vector &elfun);

+   /// Compute the local energy with partial assembly.
+   virtual double GetGridFunctionEnergyPA(const Vector &x) const;
+
   /// Method defining partial assembly.
   /** The result of the partial assembly is stored internally so that it can be
       used later in the methods AddMultPA(). */
@@ -88,6 +91,12 @@ public:
       called. */
   virtual void AddMultPA(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;

+   /// Method for partially assembled gradient action.
+   virtual void AddMultGradPA(const Vector &g,
+                              const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
+
+   virtual void AssembleGradientDiagonalPA(const Vector &x, Vector &diag) const;
+
   virtual ~NonlinearFormIntegrator() { }
 };

@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ void ParBilinearForm::Assemble(int skip_zeros)

   BilinearForm::Assemble(skip_zeros);

-   if (fbfi.Size() > 0)
+   if (!ext && fbfi.Size() > 0)
   {
      AssembleSharedFaces(skip_zeros);
   }
@@ -3147,7 +3147,7 @@ static void SetSubVector(const int N,
                         const Array<int> &indices,
                         const Vector &in, Vector &out)
 {
-   auto y = out.Write();
+   auto y = out.ReadWrite();
   const auto x = in.Read();
   const auto I = indices.Read();
   MFEM_FORALL(i, N, y[I[i]] = x[i];);
@@ -3234,7 +3234,7 @@ static void AddSubVector(const int num_unique_dst_indices,
                         const Vector &src,
                         Vector &dst)
 {
-   auto y = dst.Write();
+   auto y = dst.ReadWrite();
   const auto x = src.Read();
   const auto DST_I = unique_dst_indices.Read();
   const auto SRC_O = unique_to_src_offsets.Read();
@@ -347,6 +347,8 @@ public:
   const FiniteElement *GetFaceNbrFE(int i) const;
   const FiniteElement *GetFaceNbrFaceFE(int i) const;
   const HYPRE_Int *GetFaceNbrGlobalDofMap() { return face_nbr_glob_dof_map; }
+   ElementTransformation *GetFaceNbrElementTransformation(int i) const
+   { return pmesh->GetFaceNbrElementTransformation(i); }

   void Lose_Dof_TrueDof_Matrix();
   void LoseDofOffsets() { dof_offsets.LoseData(); }
@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ const
   {
      int fes_vdim = pfes->GetVDim();
      pfes->GetFaceNbrElementVDofs(nbr_el_no, dofs);
+      const FiniteElement *fe = pfes->GetFaceNbrFE(nbr_el_no);
      if (fes_vdim > 1)
      {
         int s = dofs.Size()/fes_vdim;
@@ -283,7 +284,17 @@ const
         face_nbr_data.GetSubVector(dofs, LocVec);
         DofVal.SetSize(dofs.Size());
      }
-      pfes->GetFaceNbrFE(nbr_el_no)->CalcShape(ip, DofVal);
+      if (fe->GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE)
+      {
+         fe->CalcShape(ip, DofVal);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         ElementTransformation *Tr =
+            pfes->GetFaceNbrElementTransformation(nbr_el_no);
+         Tr->SetIntPoint(&ip);
+         fe->CalcPhysShape(*Tr, DofVal);
+      }
   }
   else
   {
@@ -291,14 +302,73 @@ const
      fes->DofsToVDofs(vdim-1, dofs);
      DofVal.SetSize(dofs.Size());
      const FiniteElement *fe = fes->GetFE(i);
-      MFEM_ASSERT(fe->GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE, "invalid FE map type");
-      fe->CalcShape(ip, DofVal);
+      if (fe->GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE)
+      {
+         fe->CalcShape(ip, DofVal);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         ElementTransformation *Tr = fes->GetElementTransformation(i);
+         Tr->SetIntPoint(&ip);
+         fe->CalcPhysShape(*Tr, DofVal);
+      }
      GetSubVector(dofs, LocVec);
   }

   return (DofVal * LocVec);
 }

+void ParGridFunction::GetVectorValue(int i, const IntegrationPoint &ip,
+                                     Vector &val) const
+{
+   int nbr_el_no = i - pfes->GetParMesh()->GetNE();
+   if (nbr_el_no >= 0)
+   {
+      Array<int> dofs;
+      pfes->GetFaceNbrElementVDofs(nbr_el_no, dofs);
+      Vector loc_data;
+      face_nbr_data.GetSubVector(dofs, loc_data);
+      const FiniteElement *FElem = pfes->GetFaceNbrFE(nbr_el_no);
+      int dof = FElem->GetDof();
+      if (FElem->GetRangeType() == FiniteElement::SCALAR)
+      {
+         Vector shape(dof);
+         if (FElem->GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE)
+         {
+            FElem->CalcShape(ip, shape);
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            ElementTransformation *Tr =
+               pfes->GetParMesh()->GetFaceNbrElementTransformation(nbr_el_no);
+            Tr->SetIntPoint(&ip);
+            FElem->CalcPhysShape(*Tr, shape);
+         }
+         int vdim = fes->GetVDim();
+         val.SetSize(vdim);
+         for (int k = 0; k < vdim; k++)
+         {
+            val(k) = shape * ((const double *)loc_data + dof * k);
+         }
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         int spaceDim = fes->GetMesh()->SpaceDimension();
+         DenseMatrix vshape(dof, spaceDim);
+         ElementTransformation *Tr =
+            pfes->GetParMesh()->GetFaceNbrElementTransformation(nbr_el_no);
+         Tr->SetIntPoint(&ip);
+         FElem->CalcVShape(*Tr, vshape);
+         val.SetSize(spaceDim);
+         vshape.MultTranspose(loc_data, val);
+      }
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      GridFunction::GetVectorValue(i, ip, val);
+   }
+}
+
 double ParGridFunction::GetValue(ElementTransformation &T,
                                 const IntegrationPoint &ip,
                                 int comp, Vector *tr) const
@@ -641,7 +711,9 @@ void ParGridFunction::SaveAsOne(std::ostream &out)
   int *nfdofs = new int[NRanks];
   int *nrdofs = new int[NRanks];

+   HostReadWrite();
   values[0] = data;
+
   nv[0]     = pfes -> GetVSize();
   nvdofs[0] = pfes -> GetNVDofs();
   nedofs[0] = pfes -> GetNEDofs();
@@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ public:
   virtual double GetValue(ElementTransformation &T, const IntegrationPoint &ip,
                           int comp = 0, Vector *tr = NULL) const;

+   virtual void GetVectorValue(int i, const IntegrationPoint &ip,
+                               Vector &val) const;
+
   // Redefine to handle the case when T describes a face-neighbor element
   virtual void GetVectorValue(ElementTransformation &T,
                               const IntegrationPoint &ip,
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #ifdef MFEM_USE_MPI

 #include "fem.hpp"
+#include "../general/forall.hpp"

 namespace mfem
 {
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ void ParNonlinearForm::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const

   if (fnfi.Size())
   {
+      MFEM_VERIFY(!NonlinearForm::ext,"");
      // Terms over shared interior faces in parallel.
      ParFiniteElementSpace *pfes = ParFESpace();
      ParMesh *pmesh = pfes->GetParMesh();
@@ -86,15 +88,16 @@ void ParNonlinearForm::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const

   P->MultTranspose(aux2, y);

-   y.HostReadWrite();
-   for (int i = 0; i < ess_tdof_list.Size(); i++)
-   {
-      y(ess_tdof_list[i]) = 0.0;
-   }
+   const int N = ess_tdof_list.Size();
+   const auto idx = ess_tdof_list.Read();
+   auto Y = y.ReadWrite();
+   MFEM_FORALL(i, N, Y[idx[i]] = 0.0; );
 }

 const SparseMatrix &ParNonlinearForm::GetLocalGradient(const Vector &x) const
 {
+   if (NonlinearForm::ext) { MFEM_ABORT("Not yet implemented!"); }
+
   NonlinearForm::GetGradient(x); // (re)assemble Grad, no b.c.

   return *Grad;
@@ -104,16 +107,20 @@ Operator &ParNonlinearForm::GetGradient(const Vector &x) const
 {
   ParFiniteElementSpace *pfes = ParFESpace();

-   pGrad.Clear();
+   Operator &grad = NonlinearForm::GetGradient(x); // (re)assemble Grad, no b.c.

-   NonlinearForm::GetGradient(x); // (re)assemble Grad, no b.c.
+   pGrad.Clear();

   OperatorHandle dA(pGrad.Type()), Ph(pGrad.Type());

   if (fnfi.Size() == 0)
   {
-      dA.MakeSquareBlockDiag(pfes->GetComm(), pfes->GlobalVSize(),
-                             pfes->GetDofOffsets(), Grad);
+      if (NonlinearForm::ext) { dA.Reset(&grad, false); }
+      else
+      {
+         dA.MakeSquareBlockDiag(pfes->GetComm(), pfes->GlobalVSize(),
+                                pfes->GetDofOffsets(), Grad);
+      }
   }
   else
   {
@@ -27,35 +27,24 @@ ParL2FaceRestriction::ParL2FaceRestriction(const ParFiniteElementSpace &fes,
                                           ElementDofOrdering e_ordering,
                                           FaceType type,
                                           L2FaceValues m)
-   : fes(fes),
-     nf(fes.GetNFbyType(type)),
-     vdim(fes.GetVDim()),
-     byvdim(fes.GetOrdering() == Ordering::byVDIM),
-     ndofs(fes.GetNDofs()),
-     dof(nf>0 ?
-         fes.GetTraceElement(0, fes.GetMesh()->GetFaceBaseGeometry(0))->GetDof()
-         : 0),
-     m(m),
-     nfdofs(nf*dof),
-     scatter_indices1(nf*dof),
-     scatter_indices2(m==L2FaceValues::DoubleValued?nf*dof:0),
-     offsets(ndofs+1),
-     gather_indices((m==L2FaceValues::DoubleValued? 2 : 1)*nf*dof)
+   : L2FaceRestriction(fes, type, m)
 {
   if (nf==0) { return; }
   // If fespace == L2
-   const FiniteElement *fe = fes.GetFE(0);
+   const ParFiniteElementSpace &pfes =
+      static_cast<const ParFiniteElementSpace&>(this->fes);
+   const FiniteElement *fe = pfes.GetFE(0);
   const TensorBasisElement *tfe = dynamic_cast<const TensorBasisElement*>(fe);
   MFEM_VERIFY(tfe != NULL &&
               (tfe->GetBasisType()==BasisType::GaussLobatto ||
                tfe->GetBasisType()==BasisType::Positive),
               "Only Gauss-Lobatto and Bernstein basis are supported in "
               "ParL2FaceRestriction.");
-   MFEM_VERIFY(fes.GetMesh()->Conforming(),
+   MFEM_VERIFY(pfes.GetMesh()->Conforming(),
               "Non-conforming meshes not yet supported with partial assembly.");
   // Assuming all finite elements are using Gauss-Lobatto dofs
   height = (m==L2FaceValues::DoubleValued? 2 : 1)*vdim*nf*dof;
-   width = fes.GetVSize();
+   width = pfes.GetVSize();
   const bool dof_reorder = (e_ordering == ElementDofOrdering::LEXICOGRAPHIC);
   if (!dof_reorder)
   {
@@ -63,32 +52,32 @@ ParL2FaceRestriction::ParL2FaceRestriction(const ParFiniteElementSpace &fes,
   }
   if (dof_reorder && nf > 0)
   {
-      for (int f = 0; f < fes.GetNF(); ++f)
+      for (int f = 0; f < pfes.GetNF(); ++f)
      {
         const FiniteElement *fe =
-            fes.GetTraceElement(f, fes.GetMesh()->GetFaceBaseGeometry(f));
+            pfes.GetTraceElement(f, pfes.GetMesh()->GetFaceBaseGeometry(f));
         const TensorBasisElement* el =
            dynamic_cast<const TensorBasisElement*>(fe);
         if (el) { continue; }
         mfem_error("Finite element not suitable for lexicographic ordering");
      }
   }
-   const Table& e2dTable = fes.GetElementToDofTable();
+   const Table& e2dTable = pfes.GetElementToDofTable();
   const int* elementMap = e2dTable.GetJ();
   Array<int> faceMap1(dof), faceMap2(dof);
   int e1, e2;
   int inf1, inf2;
   int face_id1, face_id2;
   int orientation;
-   const int dof1d = fes.GetFE(0)->GetOrder()+1;
-   const int elem_dofs = fes.GetFE(0)->GetDof();
-   const int dim = fes.GetMesh()->SpaceDimension();
+   const int dof1d = pfes.GetFE(0)->GetOrder()+1;
+   const int elem_dofs = pfes.GetFE(0)->GetDof();
+   const int dim = pfes.GetMesh()->SpaceDimension();
   // Computation of scatter indices
   int f_ind=0;
-   for (int f = 0; f < fes.GetNF(); ++f)
+   for (int f = 0; f < pfes.GetNF(); ++f)
   {
-      fes.GetMesh()->GetFaceElements(f, &e1, &e2);
-      fes.GetMesh()->GetFaceInfos(f, &inf1, &inf2);
+      pfes.GetMesh()->GetFaceElements(f, &e1, &e2);
+      pfes.GetMesh()->GetFaceInfos(f, &inf1, &inf2);
      if (dof_reorder)
      {
         orientation = inf1 % 64;
@@ -136,7 +125,7 @@ ParL2FaceRestriction::ParL2FaceRestriction(const ParFiniteElementSpace &fes,
            {
               const int se2 = -1 - e2;
               Array<int> sharedDofs;
-               fes.GetFaceNbrElementVDofs(se2, sharedDofs);
+               pfes.GetFaceNbrElementVDofs(se2, sharedDofs);
               for (int d = 0; d < dof; ++d)
               {
                  const int pd = PermuteFaceL2(dim, face_id1, face_id2,
@@ -180,10 +169,10 @@ ParL2FaceRestriction::ParL2FaceRestriction(const ParFiniteElementSpace &fes,
      offsets[i] = 0;
   }
   f_ind = 0;
-   for (int f = 0; f < fes.GetNF(); ++f)
+   for (int f = 0; f < pfes.GetNF(); ++f)
   {
-      fes.GetMesh()->GetFaceElements(f, &e1, &e2);
-      fes.GetMesh()->GetFaceInfos(f, &inf1, &inf2);
+      pfes.GetMesh()->GetFaceElements(f, &e1, &e2);
+      pfes.GetMesh()->GetFaceInfos(f, &inf1, &inf2);
      if ((type==FaceType::Interior && (e2>=0 || (e2<0 && inf2>=0))) ||
          (type==FaceType::Boundary && e2<0 && inf2<0) )
      {
@@ -222,10 +211,10 @@ ParL2FaceRestriction::ParL2FaceRestriction(const ParFiniteElementSpace &fes,
      offsets[i] += offsets[i - 1];
   }
   f_ind = 0;
-   for (int f = 0; f < fes.GetNF(); ++f)
+   for (int f = 0; f < pfes.GetNF(); ++f)
   {
-      fes.GetMesh()->GetFaceElements(f, &e1, &e2);
-      fes.GetMesh()->GetFaceInfos(f, &inf1, &inf2);
+      pfes.GetMesh()->GetFaceElements(f, &e1, &e2);
+      pfes.GetMesh()->GetFaceInfos(f, &inf1, &inf2);
      if ((type==FaceType::Interior && (e2>=0 || (e2<0 && inf2>=0))) ||
          (type==FaceType::Boundary && e2<0 && inf2<0) )
      {
@@ -272,8 +261,10 @@ ParL2FaceRestriction::ParL2FaceRestriction(const ParFiniteElementSpace &fes,

 void ParL2FaceRestriction::Mult(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
 {
+   const ParFiniteElementSpace &pfes =
+      static_cast<const ParFiniteElementSpace&>(this->fes);
   ParGridFunction x_gf;
-   x_gf.MakeRef(const_cast<ParFiniteElementSpace*>(&fes),
+   x_gf.MakeRef(const_cast<ParFiniteElementSpace*>(&pfes),
                const_cast<Vector&>(x), 0);
   x_gf.ExchangeFaceNbrData();

@@ -337,34 +328,122 @@ void ParL2FaceRestriction::Mult(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
   }
 }

-void ParL2FaceRestriction::MultTranspose(const Vector& x, Vector& y) const
+static MFEM_HOST_DEVICE int AddNnz(const int iE, int *I, const int dofs)
 {
-   // Assumes all elements have the same number of dofs
-   const int nd = dof;
-   const int vd = vdim;
-   const bool t = byvdim;
-   const int dofs = nfdofs;
-   auto d_offsets = offsets.Read();
-   auto d_indices = gather_indices.Read();
-   auto d_x = Reshape(x.Read(), nd, vd, 2, nf);
-   auto d_y = Reshape(y.Write(), t?vd:ndofs, t?ndofs:vd);
-   MFEM_FORALL(i, ndofs,
+   int val = AtomicAdd(I[iE],dofs);
+   return val;
+}
+
+void ParL2FaceRestriction::FillI(SparseMatrix &mat,
+                                 SparseMatrix &face_mat) const
+{
+   const int face_dofs = dof;
+   const int Ndofs = ndofs;
+   auto d_indices1 = scatter_indices1.Read();
+   auto d_indices2 = scatter_indices2.Read();
+   auto I = mat.ReadWriteI();
+   auto I_face = face_mat.ReadWriteI();
+   MFEM_FORALL(i, ne*elemDofs*vdim+1,
   {
-      const int offset = d_offsets[i];
-      const int nextOffset = d_offsets[i + 1];
-      for (int c = 0; c < vd; ++c)
+      I_face[i] = 0;
+   });
+   MFEM_FORALL(fdof, nf*face_dofs,
+   {
+      const int f  = fdof/face_dofs;
+      const int iF = fdof%face_dofs;
+      const int iE1 = d_indices1[f*face_dofs+iF];
+      if (iE1 < Ndofs)
      {
-         double dofValue = 0;
-         for (int j = offset; j < nextOffset; ++j)
+         for (int jF = 0; jF < face_dofs; jF++)
         {
-            int idx_j = d_indices[j];
-            bool isE1 = idx_j < dofs;
-            idx_j = isE1 ? idx_j : idx_j - dofs;
-            dofValue +=  isE1 ?
-            d_x(idx_j % nd, c, 0, idx_j / nd)
-            :d_x(idx_j % nd, c, 1, idx_j / nd);
+            const int jE2 = d_indices2[f*face_dofs+jF];
+            if (jE2 < Ndofs)
+            {
+               AddNnz(iE1,I,1);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               AddNnz(iE1,I_face,1);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      const int iE2 = d_indices2[f*face_dofs+iF];
+      if (iE2 < Ndofs)
+      {
+         for (int jF = 0; jF < face_dofs; jF++)
+         {
+            const int jE1 = d_indices1[f*face_dofs+jF];
+            if (jE1 < Ndofs)
+            {
+               AddNnz(iE2,I,1);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               AddNnz(iE2,I_face,1);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   });
+}
+
+void ParL2FaceRestriction::FillJAndData(const Vector &ea_data,
+                                        SparseMatrix &mat,
+                                        SparseMatrix &face_mat) const
+{
+   const int face_dofs = dof;
+   const int Ndofs = ndofs;
+   auto d_indices1 = scatter_indices1.Read();
+   auto d_indices2 = scatter_indices2.Read();
+   auto mat_fea = Reshape(ea_data.Read(), face_dofs, face_dofs, 2, nf);
+   auto I = mat.ReadWriteI();
+   auto I_face = face_mat.ReadWriteI();
+   auto J = mat.WriteJ();
+   auto J_face = face_mat.WriteJ();
+   auto Data = mat.WriteData();
+   auto Data_face = face_mat.WriteData();
+   MFEM_FORALL(fdof, nf*face_dofs,
+   {
+      const int f  = fdof/face_dofs;
+      const int iF = fdof%face_dofs;
+      const int iE1 = d_indices1[f*face_dofs+iF];
+      if (iE1 < Ndofs)
+      {
+         for (int jF = 0; jF < face_dofs; jF++)
+         {
+            const int jE2 = d_indices2[f*face_dofs+jF];
+            if (jE2 < Ndofs)
+            {
+               const int offset = AddNnz(iE1,I,1);
+               J[offset] = jE2;
+               Data[offset] = mat_fea(jF,iF,1,f);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               const int offset = AddNnz(iE1,I_face,1);
+               J_face[offset] = jE2-Ndofs;
+               Data_face[offset] = mat_fea(jF,iF,1,f);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      const int iE2 = d_indices2[f*face_dofs+iF];
+      if (iE2 < Ndofs)
+      {
+         for (int jF = 0; jF < face_dofs; jF++)
+         {
+            const int jE1 = d_indices1[f*face_dofs+jF];
+            if (jE1 < Ndofs)
+            {
+               const int offset = AddNnz(iE2,I,1);
+               J[offset] = jE1;
+               Data[offset] = mat_fea(jF,iF,0,f);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               const int offset = AddNnz(iE2,I_face,1);
+               J_face[offset] = jE1-Ndofs;
+               Data_face[offset] = mat_fea(jF,iF,0,f);
+            }
         }
-         d_y(t?c:i,t?i:c) += dofValue;
      }
   });
 }
@@ -26,28 +26,21 @@ class ParFiniteElementSpace;
 /// Operator that extracts Face degrees of freedom in parallel.
 /** Objects of this type are typically created and owned by FiniteElementSpace
    objects, see FiniteElementSpace::GetFaceRestriction(). */
-class ParL2FaceRestriction : public Operator
+class ParL2FaceRestriction : public L2FaceRestriction
 {
-protected:
-   const ParFiniteElementSpace &fes;
-   const int nf;
-   const int vdim;
-   const bool byvdim;
-   const int ndofs;
-   const int dof;
-   const L2FaceValues m;
-   const int nfdofs;
-   Array<int> scatter_indices1;
-   Array<int> scatter_indices2;
-   Array<int> offsets;
-   Array<int> gather_indices;
-
 public:
   ParL2FaceRestriction(const ParFiniteElementSpace&, ElementDofOrdering,
                        FaceType type,
                        L2FaceValues m = L2FaceValues::DoubleValued);
   void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
-   void MultTranspose(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const;
+   /** Fill the I array of SparseMatrix corresponding to the sparsity pattern
+       given by this ParL2FaceRestriction. */
+   void FillI(SparseMatrix &mat, SparseMatrix &face_mat) const;
+   /** Fill the J and Data arrays of SparseMatrix corresponding to the sparsity
+       pattern given by this ParL2FaceRestriction, and the values of ea_data. */
+   void FillJAndData(const Vector &ea_data,
+                     SparseMatrix &mat,
+                     SparseMatrix &face_mat) const;
 };

 }
@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ protected:
   const FiniteElementSpace *fespace;  ///< Not owned
   const QuadratureSpace *qspace;      ///< Not owned
   const IntegrationRule *IntRule;     ///< Not owned
+
   mutable QVectorLayout q_layout;     ///< Output Q-vector layout
+   mutable bool use_tensor_products;   ///< Tensor product evaluation mmode

-   mutable bool use_tensor_products;
-
+public:
   static const int MAX_NQ2D = 100;
   static const int MAX_ND2D = 100;
   static const int MAX_VDIM2D = 3;
@@ -53,7 +54,6 @@ protected:
   static const int MAX_ND3D = 1000;
   static const int MAX_VDIM3D = 3;

-public:
   enum EvalFlags
   {
      VALUES       = 1 << 0,  ///< Evaluate the values at quadrature points
@@ -61,21 +61,28 @@ public:
      /** @brief Assuming the derivative at quadrature points form a matrix,
          this flag can be used to compute and store their determinants. This
          flag can only be used in Mult(). */
-      DETERMINANTS = 1 << 2
+      DETERMINANTS = 1 << 2,
+      PHYSICAL_DERIVATIVES = 1 << 3 ///< Evaluate the physical derivatives
   };

   QuadratureInterpolator(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
-                          const IntegrationRule &ir);
+                          const IntegrationRule &ir,
+                          const bool use_tensor_products = false);

   QuadratureInterpolator(const FiniteElementSpace &fes,
-                          const QuadratureSpace &qs);
+                          const QuadratureSpace &qs,
+                          const bool use_tensor_products = false);

   /** @brief Disable the use of tensor product evaluations, for tensor-product
       elements, e.g. quads and hexes. */
-   /** Currently, tensor product evaluations are not implemented and this method
-       has no effect. */
-   void DisableTensorProducts(bool disable = true) const
-   { use_tensor_products = !disable; }
+   void DisableTensorProducts() const { use_tensor_products = false; }
+
+   /** @brief Enable the use of tensor product evaluations, for tensor-product
+       elements, e.g. quads and hexes. */
+   void EnableTensorProducts() const { use_tensor_products = true; }
+
+   /** @brief Query the current evaluation mode. */
+   bool UseTensorProducts() const { return use_tensor_products; }

   /** @brief Query the current output Q-vector layout. The default value is
       QVectorLayout::byNODES. */
@@ -83,8 +90,7 @@ public:

   /** @brief Set the desired output Q-vector layout. The default value is
       QVectorLayout::byNODES. */
-   void SetOutputLayout(QVectorLayout out_layout) const
-   { q_layout = out_layout; }
+   void SetOutputLayout(QVectorLayout layout) const { q_layout = layout; }

   /// Interpolate the E-vector @a e_vec to quadrature points.
   /** The @a eval_flags are a bitwise mask of constants from the EvalFlags
@@ -99,26 +105,36 @@ public:
             Vector &q_val, Vector &q_der, Vector &q_det) const;

   /// Interpolate the values of the E-vector @a e_vec at quadrature points.
+   template <QVectorLayout>
+   void Values(const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_val) const;
   void Values(const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_val) const;

   /** @brief Interpolate the derivatives of the E-vector @a e_vec at quadrature
       points. */
+   template <QVectorLayout>
+   void Derivatives(const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_der) const;
   void Derivatives(const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_der) const;

   /** @brief Interpolate the derivatives in physical space of the E-vector
       @a e_vec at quadrature points. */
+   template <QVectorLayout>
   void PhysDerivatives(const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_der) const;
+   void PhysDerivatives(const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_der) const;
+
+   /// Compute the determinant of the E-vector @a e_vec at quadrature points.
+   void Determinants(const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_det) const;

   /// Perform the transpose operation of Mult(). (TODO)
   void MultTranspose(unsigned eval_flags, const Vector &q_val,
                      const Vector &q_der, Vector &e_vec) const;

   // Compute kernels follow (cannot be private or protected with nvcc)
-
   /// Template compute kernel for 2D.
   template<const int T_VDIM = 0, const int T_ND = 0, const int T_NQ = 0>
-   static void Eval2D(const int NE,
+   static void Mult2D(const int NE,
                      const int vdim,
+                      const QVectorLayout q_layout,
+                      const GeometricFactors *geom,
                      const DofToQuad &maps,
                      const Vector &e_vec,
                      Vector &q_val,
@@ -128,8 +144,10 @@ public:

   /// Template compute kernel for 3D.
   template<const int T_VDIM = 0, const int T_ND = 0, const int T_NQ = 0>
-   static void Eval3D(const int NE,
+   static void Mult3D(const int NE,
                      const int vdim,
+                      const QVectorLayout q_layout,
+                      const GeometricFactors *geom,
                      const DofToQuad &maps,
                      const Vector &e_vec,
                      Vector &q_val,
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2010-2020, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
+// at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
+// LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
+//
+// This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
+// availability visit https://mfem.org.
+//
+// MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
+// CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
+
+#include "tmop_pa.hpp"
+#include "quadinterpolator.hpp"
+#include "../general/forall.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/dtensor.hpp"
+#include "../fem/kernels.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/kernels.hpp"
+
+using namespace mfem;
+
+namespace mfem
+{
+
+template<int T_D1D = 0, int T_Q1D = 0, int MAX_D1D = 0, int MAX_Q1D = 0>
+static void Det2D(const int NE,
+                  const double *b,
+                  const double *g,
+                  const double *x,
+                  double *y,
+                  const int vdim = 1,
+                  const int d1d = 0,
+                  const int q1d = 0)
+{
+   constexpr int DIM = 2;
+   constexpr int NBZ = 1;
+
+   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+
+   const auto B = Reshape(b, Q1D, D1D);
+   const auto G = Reshape(g, Q1D, D1D);
+   const auto X = Reshape(x,  D1D, D1D, DIM, NE);
+   auto Y = Reshape(y, Q1D, Q1D, NE);
+
+   MFEM_FORALL_2D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, NBZ,
+   {
+      constexpr int NBZ = 1;
+      constexpr int MQ1 = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : MAX_Q1D;
+      constexpr int MD1 = T_D1D ? T_D1D : MAX_D1D;
+      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+      const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double BG[2][MQ1*MD1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double XY[2][NBZ][MD1*MD1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double DQ[4][NBZ][MD1*MQ1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double QQ[4][NBZ][MQ1*MQ1];
+
+      kernels::LoadX<MD1,NBZ>(e,D1D,X,XY);
+      kernels::LoadBG<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,B,G,BG);
+
+      kernels::GradX<MD1,MQ1,NBZ>(D1D,Q1D,BG,XY,DQ);
+      kernels::GradY<MD1,MQ1,NBZ>(D1D,Q1D,BG,DQ,QQ);
+
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+         {
+            double J[4];
+            kernels::PullGrad<MQ1,NBZ>(qx,qy,QQ,J);
+            Y(qx,qy,e) = kernels::Det<2>(J);
+         }
+      }
+   });
+}
+
+template<int T_D1D = 0, int T_Q1D = 0, int MAX_D1D = 0, int MAX_Q1D = 0>
+static void Det3D(const int NE,
+                  const double *b,
+                  const double *g,
+                  const double *x,
+                  double *y,
+                  const int vdim = 1,
+                  const int d1d = 0,
+                  const int q1d = 0)
+{
+   constexpr int DIM = 3;
+   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+
+   const auto B = Reshape(b, Q1D, D1D);
+   const auto G = Reshape(g, Q1D, D1D);
+   const auto X = Reshape(x, D1D, D1D, D1D, DIM, NE);
+   auto Y = Reshape(y, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D, NE);
+
+   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D,
+   {
+      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+      const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+      constexpr int MQ1 = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : MAX_Q1D;
+      constexpr int MD1 = T_D1D ? T_D1D : MAX_D1D;
+      constexpr int MDQ = MQ1 > MD1 ? MQ1 : MD1;
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double BG[2][MQ1*MD1];
+      MFEM_SHARED double sm0[9][MDQ*MDQ*MDQ];
+      MFEM_SHARED double sm1[9][MDQ*MDQ*MDQ];
+
+      double (*DDD)[MD1*MD1*MD1] = (double (*)[MD1*MD1*MD1]) (sm0);
+      double (*DDQ)[MD1*MD1*MQ1] = (double (*)[MD1*MD1*MQ1]) (sm1);
+      double (*DQQ)[MD1*MQ1*MQ1] = (double (*)[MD1*MQ1*MQ1]) (sm0);
+      double (*QQQ)[MQ1*MQ1*MQ1] = (double (*)[MQ1*MQ1*MQ1]) (sm1);
+
+      kernels::LoadX<MD1>(e,D1D,X,DDD);
+      kernels::LoadBG<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,B,G,BG);
+
+      kernels::GradX<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,BG,DDD,DDQ);
+      kernels::GradY<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,BG,DDQ,DQQ);
+      kernels::GradZ<MD1,MQ1>(D1D,Q1D,BG,DQQ,QQQ);
+
+      MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+            {
+               double J[9];
+               kernels::PullGrad<MQ1>(qx,qy,qz, QQQ, J);
+               Y(qx,qy,qz,e) = kernels::Det<3>(J);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   });
+}
+
+void QuadratureInterpolator::Determinants(const Vector &e_vec,
+                                          Vector &q_det) const
+{
+   if (use_tensor_products)
+   {
+      const int NE = fespace->GetNE();
+      if (NE == 0) { return; }
+      const int vdim = fespace->GetVDim();
+      const int dim = fespace->GetMesh()->Dimension();
+      const FiniteElement *fe = fespace->GetFE(0);
+      const IntegrationRule *ir =
+         IntRule ? IntRule : &qspace->GetElementIntRule(0);
+      const DofToQuad &maps = fe->GetDofToQuad(*ir, DofToQuad::TENSOR);
+      const int D1D = maps.ndof;
+      const int Q1D = maps.nqpt;
+      const double *B = maps.B.Read();
+      const double *G = maps.G.Read();
+      const double *X = e_vec.Read();
+      double *Y = q_det.Write();
+
+      const int id = (dim<<12) | (vdim<<8) | (D1D<<4) | Q1D;
+
+      switch (id)
+      {
+         case 0x2222: return Det2D<2,2>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x2223: return Det2D<2,3>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x2224: return Det2D<2,4>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x2226: return Det2D<2,6>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x2234: return Det2D<3,4>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x2236: return Det2D<3,6>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x2244: return Det2D<4,4>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x2246: return Det2D<4,6>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x2256: return Det2D<5,6>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+
+         case 0x3324: return Det3D<2,4>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x3333: return Det3D<3,3>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x3335: return Det3D<3,5>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         case 0x3336: return Det3D<3,6>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+         //case 0x3348: return Det3D<4,8>(NE,B,G,X,Y);
+
+         default:
+         {
+            if (dim == 2)
+            {
+               constexpr int MD1 = 8;
+               constexpr int MQ1 = 8;
+               MFEM_VERIFY(D1D <= MD1, "Orders higher than " << MD1-1
+                           << " are not supported!");
+               MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MQ1, "Quadrature rules with more than "
+                           << MQ1 << " 1D points are not supported!");
+               return Det2D<0,0,MD1,MQ1>(NE,B,G,X,Y,vdim,D1D,Q1D);
+            }
+            if (dim == 3)
+            {
+               constexpr int MD1 = 6;
+               constexpr int MQ1 = 6;
+               MFEM_VERIFY(D1D <= MD1, "Orders higher than " << MD1-1
+                           << " are not supported!");
+               MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MQ1, "Quadrature rules with more than "
+                           << MQ1 << " 1D points are not supported!");
+               return Det3D<0,0,MD1,MQ1>(NE,B,G,X,Y,vdim,D1D,Q1D);
+            }
+         }
+
+      }
+      MFEM_ABORT("Kernel " << std::hex << id << std::dec << " not supported yet");
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      Vector empty;
+      Mult(e_vec, DETERMINANTS, empty, empty, q_det);
+   }
+}
+
+} // namespace mfem
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2010-2020, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
+// at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
+// LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
+//
+// This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
+// availability visit https://mfem.org.
+//
+// MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
+// CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
+
+#include "quadinterpolator.hpp"
+#include "../general/forall.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/dtensor.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/kernels.hpp"
+
+namespace mfem
+{
+
+template<QVectorLayout Q_LAYOUT,
+         int T_VDIM = 0, int T_D1D = 0, int T_Q1D = 0,
+         int T_NBZ = 1, int MAX_D1D = 0, int MAX_Q1D = 0>
+static void Eval2D(const int NE,
+                   const double *b_,
+                   const double *x_,
+                   double *y_,
+                   const int vdim = 0,
+                   const int d1d = 0,
+                   const int q1d = 0)
+{
+   constexpr int NBZ = T_NBZ ? T_NBZ : 1;
+
+   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+   const int VDIM = T_VDIM ? T_VDIM : vdim;
+
+   const auto b = Reshape(b_, Q1D, D1D);
+   const auto x = Reshape(x_, D1D, D1D, VDIM, NE);
+   auto y = Q_LAYOUT == QVectorLayout:: byNODES ?
+            Reshape(y_, Q1D, Q1D, VDIM, NE):
+            Reshape(y_, VDIM, Q1D, Q1D, NE);
+
+   MFEM_FORALL_2D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, NBZ,
+   {
+      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+      const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+      const int VDIM = T_VDIM ? T_VDIM : vdim;
+      constexpr int MQ1 = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : MAX_Q1D;
+      constexpr int MD1 = T_D1D ? T_D1D : MAX_D1D;
+      constexpr int NBZ = T_NBZ ? T_NBZ : 1;
+      const int tidz = MFEM_THREAD_ID(z);
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double s_B[MQ1*MD1];
+      DeviceTensor<2,double> B(s_B, Q1D, D1D);
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double s_DD[NBZ][MD1*MD1];
+      DeviceTensor<2,double> DD((double*)(s_DD+tidz), MD1, MD1);
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double s_DQ[NBZ][MD1*MQ1];
+      DeviceTensor<2,double> DQ((double*)(s_DQ+tidz), MD1, MQ1);
+
+      if (tidz == 0)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(d,y,D1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(q,x,Q1D)
+            {
+               B(q,d) = b(q,d);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+
+      for (int c = 0; c < VDIM; c++)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
+            {
+               DD(dx,dy) = x(dx,dy,c,e);
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+            {
+               double u = 0.0;
+               for (int dx = 0; dx < D1D; ++dx)
+               {
+                  u += B(qx,dx) *  DD(dx,dy);
+               }
+               DQ(dy,qx) = u;
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+            {
+               double u = 0.0;
+               for (int dy = 0; dy < D1D; ++dy)
+               {
+                  u += DQ(dy,qx) * B(qy,dy);
+               }
+               if (Q_LAYOUT == QVectorLayout::byVDIM) { y(c,qx,qy,e) = u; }
+               if (Q_LAYOUT == QVectorLayout::byNODES) { y(qx,qy,c,e) = u; }
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+      }
+   });
+}
+
+template<QVectorLayout Q_LAYOUT,
+         int T_VDIM = 0, int T_D1D = 0, int T_Q1D = 0,
+         int MAX_D1D = 0, int MAX_Q1D = 0>
+static void Eval3D(const int NE,
+                   const double *b_,
+                   const double *x_,
+                   double *y_,
+                   const int vdim = 0,
+                   const int d1d = 0,
+                   const int q1d = 0)
+{
+   const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+   const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+   const int VDIM = T_VDIM ? T_VDIM : vdim;
+
+   const auto b = Reshape(b_, Q1D, D1D);
+   const auto x = Reshape(x_, D1D, D1D, D1D, VDIM, NE);
+   auto y = Q_LAYOUT == QVectorLayout:: byNODES ?
+            Reshape(y_, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D, VDIM, NE):
+            Reshape(y_, VDIM, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D, NE);
+
+   MFEM_FORALL_3D(e, NE, Q1D, Q1D, Q1D,
+   {
+      const int D1D = T_D1D ? T_D1D : d1d;
+      const int Q1D = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : q1d;
+      const int VDIM = T_VDIM ? T_VDIM : vdim;
+      constexpr int MQ1 = T_Q1D ? T_Q1D : MAX_Q1D;
+      constexpr int MD1 = T_D1D ? T_D1D : MAX_D1D;
+      constexpr int MDQ = (MQ1 > MD1) ? MQ1 : MD1;
+      const int tidz = MFEM_THREAD_ID(z);
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double s_B[MQ1*MD1];
+      DeviceTensor<2,double> B(s_B, Q1D, D1D);
+
+      MFEM_SHARED double sm0[MDQ*MDQ*MDQ];
+      MFEM_SHARED double sm1[MDQ*MDQ*MDQ];
+      DeviceTensor<3,double> DDD(sm0, MD1, MD1, MD1);
+      DeviceTensor<3,double> DDQ(sm1, MD1, MD1, MQ1);
+      DeviceTensor<3,double> DQQ(sm0, MD1, MQ1, MQ1);
+
+      if (tidz == 0)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(d,y,D1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(q,x,Q1D)
+            {
+               B(q,d) = b(q,d);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+
+      for (int c = 0; c < VDIM; c++)
+      {
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dz,z,D1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
+            {
+               MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dx,x,D1D)
+               {
+                  DDD(dx,dy,dz) = x(dx,dy,dz,c,e);
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dz,z,D1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dy,y,D1D)
+            {
+               MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+               {
+                  double u = 0.0;
+                  for (int dx = 0; dx < D1D; ++dx)
+                  {
+                     u += B(qx,dx) * DDD(dx,dy,dz);
+                  }
+                  DDQ(dz,dy,qx) = u;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(dz,z,D1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+            {
+               MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+               {
+                  double u = 0.0;
+                  for (int dy = 0; dy < D1D; ++dy)
+                  {
+                     u += DDQ(dz,dy,qx) * B(qy,dy);
+                  }
+                  DQQ(dz,qy,qx) = u;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+         MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qz,z,Q1D)
+         {
+            MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qy,y,Q1D)
+            {
+               MFEM_FOREACH_THREAD(qx,x,Q1D)
+               {
+                  double u = 0.0;
+                  for (int dz = 0; dz < D1D; ++dz)
+                  {
+                     u +=  DQQ(dz,qy,qx) * B(qz,dz);
+                  }
+                  if (Q_LAYOUT == QVectorLayout::byVDIM) { y(c,qx,qy,qz,e) = u; }
+                  if (Q_LAYOUT == QVectorLayout::byNODES) { y(qx,qy,qz,c,e) = u; }
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         MFEM_SYNC_THREAD;
+      }
+   });
+}
+
+} // namespace mfem
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2010-2020, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
+// at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
+// LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
+//
+// This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
+// availability visit https://mfem.org.
+//
+// MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
+// CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
+
+#include "quadinterpolator.hpp"
+#include "quadinterpolator_eval.hpp"
+#include "../general/forall.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/dtensor.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/kernels.hpp"
+
+namespace mfem
+{
+
+template<>
+void QuadratureInterpolator::Values<QVectorLayout::byNODES>(
+   const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_val) const
+{
+   const int NE = fespace->GetNE();
+   if (NE == 0) { return; }
+   const int vdim = fespace->GetVDim();
+   const int dim = fespace->GetMesh()->Dimension();
+   const FiniteElement *fe = fespace->GetFE(0);
+   const IntegrationRule *ir =
+      IntRule ? IntRule : &qspace->GetElementIntRule(0);
+   const DofToQuad &maps = fe->GetDofToQuad(*ir, DofToQuad::TENSOR);
+   const int D1D = maps.ndof;
+   const int Q1D = maps.nqpt;
+   const double *B = maps.B.Read();
+   const double *X = e_vec.Read();
+   double *Y = q_val.Write();
+
+   constexpr QVectorLayout L = QVectorLayout::byNODES;
+
+   const int id = (dim<<12) | (vdim<<8) | (D1D<<4) | Q1D;
+
+   switch (id)
+   {
+      case 0x2133: return Eval2D<L,1,3,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2124: return Eval2D<L,1,2,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2132: return Eval2D<L,1,3,2>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2134: return Eval2D<L,1,3,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2143: return Eval2D<L,1,4,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2144: return Eval2D<L,1,4,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      case 0x2222: return Eval2D<L,2,2,2>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2223: return Eval2D<L,2,2,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2224: return Eval2D<L,2,2,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2225: return Eval2D<L,2,2,5>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2226: return Eval2D<L,2,2,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2233: return Eval2D<L,2,3,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2234: return Eval2D<L,2,3,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2236: return Eval2D<L,2,3,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2243: return Eval2D<L,2,4,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2244: return Eval2D<L,2,4,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2245: return Eval2D<L,2,4,5>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2246: return Eval2D<L,2,4,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2247: return Eval2D<L,2,4,7>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2256: return Eval2D<L,2,5,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      case 0x3124: return Eval3D<L,1,2,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3133: return Eval3D<L,1,3,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3134: return Eval3D<L,1,3,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3136: return Eval3D<L,1,3,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3143: return Eval3D<L,1,4,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3144: return Eval3D<L,1,4,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3148: return Eval3D<L,1,4,8>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      case 0x3222: return Eval3D<L,2,2,2>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3223: return Eval3D<L,2,2,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3234: return Eval3D<L,2,3,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      case 0x3323: return Eval3D<L,3,2,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3324: return Eval3D<L,3,2,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3325: return Eval3D<L,3,2,5>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3326: return Eval3D<L,3,2,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3333: return Eval3D<L,3,3,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3334: return Eval3D<L,3,3,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3335: return Eval3D<L,3,3,5>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3336: return Eval3D<L,3,3,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3343: return Eval3D<L,3,4,3>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3344: return Eval3D<L,3,4,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3346: return Eval3D<L,3,4,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3347: return Eval3D<L,3,4,7>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3348: return Eval3D<L,3,4,8>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      default:
+      {
+         constexpr int MD1 = 8;
+         constexpr int MQ1 = 8;
+         MFEM_VERIFY(D1D <= MD1, "Orders higher than " << MD1-1
+                     << " are not supported!");
+         MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MQ1, "Quadrature rules with more than "
+                     << MQ1 << " 1D points are not supported!");
+         if (dim == 2) { Eval2D<L,0,0,0,0,MD1,MQ1>(NE,B,X,Y,vdim,D1D,Q1D); }
+         if (dim == 3) { Eval3D<L,0,0,0,MD1,MQ1>(NE,B,X,Y,vdim,D1D,Q1D); }
+         return;
+      }
+   }
+   mfem::out << "Unknown kernel 0x" << std::hex << id << std::endl;
+   MFEM_ABORT("Kernel not supported yet");
+}
+
+} // namespace mfem
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2010-2020, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
+// at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
+// LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
+//
+// This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
+// availability visit https://mfem.org.
+//
+// MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
+// CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
+
+#include "quadinterpolator.hpp"
+#include "quadinterpolator_eval.hpp"
+#include "../general/forall.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/dtensor.hpp"
+#include "../linalg/kernels.hpp"
+
+namespace mfem
+{
+
+template<>
+void QuadratureInterpolator::Values<QVectorLayout::byVDIM>(
+   const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_val) const
+{
+   const int NE = fespace->GetNE();
+   if (NE == 0) { return; }
+   const int vdim = fespace->GetVDim();
+   const int dim = fespace->GetMesh()->Dimension();
+   const FiniteElement *fe = fespace->GetFE(0);
+   const IntegrationRule *ir =
+      IntRule ? IntRule : &qspace->GetElementIntRule(0);
+   const DofToQuad &maps = fe->GetDofToQuad(*ir, DofToQuad::TENSOR);
+   const int D1D = maps.ndof;
+   const int Q1D = maps.nqpt;
+   const double *B = maps.B.Read();
+   const double *X = e_vec.Read();
+   double *Y = q_val.Write();
+
+   constexpr QVectorLayout L = QVectorLayout::byVDIM;
+
+   const int id = (dim<<12) | (vdim<<8) | (D1D<<4) | Q1D;
+
+   switch (id)
+   {
+      case 0x2124: return Eval2D<L,1,2,4,8>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2136: return Eval2D<L,1,3,6,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2148: return Eval2D<L,1,4,8,2>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      case 0x2224: return Eval2D<L,2,2,4,8>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2234: return Eval2D<L,2,3,4,8>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2236: return Eval2D<L,2,3,6,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x2248: return Eval2D<L,2,4,8,2>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      case 0x3124: return Eval3D<L,1,2,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3136: return Eval3D<L,1,3,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3148: return Eval3D<L,1,4,8>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      case 0x3324: return Eval3D<L,3,2,4>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3336: return Eval3D<L,3,3,6>(NE,B,X,Y);
+      case 0x3348: return Eval3D<L,3,4,8>(NE,B,X,Y);
+
+      default:
+      {
+         constexpr int MD1 = 8;
+         constexpr int MQ1 = 8;
+         MFEM_VERIFY(D1D <= MD1, "Orders higher than " << MD1-1
+                     << " are not supported!");
+         MFEM_VERIFY(Q1D <= MQ1, "Quadrature rules with more than "
+                     << MQ1 << " 1D points are not supported!");
+         if (dim == 2) { Eval2D<L,0,0,0,0,MD1,MQ1>(NE,B,X,Y,vdim,D1D,Q1D); }
+         if (dim == 3) { Eval3D<L,0,0,0,MD1,MQ1>(NE,B,X,Y,vdim,D1D,Q1D); }
+         return;
+      }
+   }
+   mfem::out << "Unknown kernel 0x" << std::hex << id << std::endl;
+   MFEM_ABORT("Kernel not supported yet");
+}
+
+} // namespace mfem
@@ -495,8 +495,9 @@ void FaceQuadratureInterpolator::Mult(
   }
 }

-void FaceQuadratureInterpolator::Values(
-   const Vector &e_vec, Vector &q_val) const
+
+void FaceQuadratureInterpolator::Values(const Vector &e_vec,
+                                        Vector &q_val) const
 {
   Vector q_der, q_det, q_nor;
   Mult(e_vec, VALUES, q_val, q_der, q_det, q_nor);
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More