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mfem/examples/ex27.cpp
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2023-12-13 12:51:43 -08:00

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// MFEM Example 27
//
// Compile with: make ex27
//
// Sample runs: ex27
// ex27 -dg
// ex27 -dg -dbc 8 -nbc -2
// ex27 -rbc-a 1 -rbc-b 8
//
// Description: This example code demonstrates the use of MFEM to define a
// simple finite element discretization of the Laplace problem
// -Delta u = 0 with a variety of boundary conditions.
//
// Specifically, we discretize using a FE space of the specified
// order using a continuous or discontinuous space. We then apply
// Dirichlet, Neumann (both homogeneous and inhomogeneous), Robin,
// and Periodic boundary conditions on different portions of a
// predefined mesh.
//
// The predefined mesh consists of a rectangle with two holes
// removed (see below). The narrow ends of the mesh are connected
// to form a Periodic boundary condition. The lower edge (tagged
// with attribute 1) receives an inhomogeneous Neumann boundary
// condition. A Robin boundary condition is applied to upper edge
// (attribute 2). The circular hole on the left (attribute 3)
// enforces a Dirichlet boundary condition. Finally, a natural
// boundary condition, or homogeneous Neumann BC, is applied to
// the circular hole on the right (attribute 4).
//
// Attribute 3 ^ y Attribute 2
// \ | /
// +-----------+-----------+
// | \_ | _ |
// | / \ | / \ |
// <--+---+---+---+---+---+---+--> x
// | \_/ | \_/ |
// | | \ |
// +-----------+-----------+ (hole radii are
// / | \ adjustable)
// Attribute 1 v Attribute 4
//
// The boundary conditions are defined as (where u is the solution
// field):
//
// Dirichlet: u = d
// Neumann: n.Grad(u) = g
// Robin: n.Grad(u) + a u = b
//
// The user can adjust the values of 'd', 'g', 'a', and 'b' with
// command line options.
//
// This example highlights the differing implementations of
// boundary conditions with continuous and discontinuous Galerkin
// formulations of the Laplace problem.
//
// We recommend viewing Examples 1 and 14 before viewing this
// example.
#include "mfem.hpp"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace mfem;
static real_t a_ = 0.2;
// Normal to hole with boundary attribute 4
void n4Vec(const Vector &x, Vector &n) { n = x; n[0] -= 0.5; n /= -n.Norml2(); }
Mesh * GenerateSerialMesh(int ref);
// Compute the average value of alpha*n.Grad(sol) + beta*sol over the boundary
// attributes marked in bdr_marker. Also computes the L2 norm of
// alpha*n.Grad(sol) + beta*sol - gamma over the same boundary.
real_t IntegrateBC(const GridFunction &sol, const Array<int> &bdr_marker,
real_t alpha, real_t beta, real_t gamma,
real_t &error);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
// 1. Parse command-line options.
int ser_ref_levels = 2;
int order = 1;
real_t sigma = -1.0;
real_t kappa = -1.0;
bool h1 = true;
bool visualization = true;
real_t mat_val = 1.0;
real_t dbc_val = 0.0;
real_t nbc_val = 1.0;
real_t rbc_a_val = 1.0; // du/dn + a * u = b
real_t rbc_b_val = 1.0;
OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
args.AddOption(&h1, "-h1", "--continuous", "-dg", "--discontinuous",
"Select continuous \"H1\" or discontinuous \"DG\" basis.");
args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order",
"Finite element order (polynomial degree) or -1 for"
" isoparametric space.");
args.AddOption(&sigma, "-s", "--sigma",
"One of the two DG penalty parameters, typically +1/-1."
" See the documentation of class DGDiffusionIntegrator.");
args.AddOption(&kappa, "-k", "--kappa",
"One of the two DG penalty parameters, should be positive."
" Negative values are replaced with (order+1)^2.");
args.AddOption(&ser_ref_levels, "-rs", "--refine-serial",
"Number of times to refine the mesh uniformly in serial.");
args.AddOption(&mat_val, "-mat", "--material-value",
"Constant value for material coefficient "
"in the Laplace operator.");
args.AddOption(&dbc_val, "-dbc", "--dirichlet-value",
"Constant value for Dirichlet Boundary Condition.");
args.AddOption(&nbc_val, "-nbc", "--neumann-value",
"Constant value for Neumann Boundary Condition.");
args.AddOption(&rbc_a_val, "-rbc-a", "--robin-a-value",
"Constant 'a' value for Robin Boundary Condition: "
"du/dn + a * u = b.");
args.AddOption(&rbc_b_val, "-rbc-b", "--robin-b-value",
"Constant 'b' value for Robin Boundary Condition: "
"du/dn + a * u = b.");
args.AddOption(&a_, "-a", "--radius",
"Radius of holes in the mesh.");
args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
"--no-visualization",
"Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
args.Parse();
if (!args.Good())
{
args.PrintUsage(mfem::out);
return 1;
}
if (kappa < 0 && !h1)
{
kappa = (order+1)*(order+1);
}
args.PrintOptions(mfem::out);
if (a_ < 0.01)
{
mfem::out << "Hole radius too small, resetting to 0.01.\n";
a_ = 0.01;
}
if (a_ > 0.49)
{
mfem::out << "Hole radius too large, resetting to 0.49.\n";
a_ = 0.49;
}
// 2. Construct the (serial) mesh and refine it if requested.
Mesh *mesh = GenerateSerialMesh(ser_ref_levels);
int dim = mesh->Dimension();
// 3. Define a finite element space on the serial mesh. Here we use either
// continuous Lagrange finite elements or discontinuous Galerkin finite
// elements of the specified order.
FiniteElementCollection *fec =
h1 ? (FiniteElementCollection*)new H1_FECollection(order, dim) :
(FiniteElementCollection*)new DG_FECollection(order, dim);
FiniteElementSpace fespace(mesh, fec);
int size = fespace.GetTrueVSize();
mfem::out << "Number of finite element unknowns: " << size << endl;
// 4. Create "marker arrays" to define the portions of boundary associated
// with each type of boundary condition. These arrays have an entry
// corresponding to each boundary attribute. Placing a '1' in entry i
// marks attribute i+1 as being active, '0' is inactive.
Array<int> nbc_bdr(mesh->bdr_attributes.Max());
Array<int> rbc_bdr(mesh->bdr_attributes.Max());
Array<int> dbc_bdr(mesh->bdr_attributes.Max());
nbc_bdr = 0; nbc_bdr[0] = 1;
rbc_bdr = 0; rbc_bdr[1] = 1;
dbc_bdr = 0; dbc_bdr[2] = 1;
Array<int> ess_tdof_list(0);
if (h1 && mesh->bdr_attributes.Size())
{
// For a continuous basis the linear system must be modified to enforce an
// essential (Dirichlet) boundary condition. In the DG case this is not
// necessary as the boundary condition will only be enforced weakly.
fespace.GetEssentialTrueDofs(dbc_bdr, ess_tdof_list);
}
// 5. Setup the various coefficients needed for the Laplace operator and the
// various boundary conditions. In general these coefficients could be
// functions of position but here we use only constants.
ConstantCoefficient matCoef(mat_val);
ConstantCoefficient dbcCoef(dbc_val);
ConstantCoefficient nbcCoef(nbc_val);
ConstantCoefficient rbcACoef(rbc_a_val);
ConstantCoefficient rbcBCoef(rbc_b_val);
// Since the n.Grad(u) terms arise by integrating -Div(m Grad(u)) by parts we
// must introduce the coefficient 'm' into the boundary conditions.
// Therefore, in the case of the Neumann BC, we actually enforce m n.Grad(u)
// = m g rather than simply n.Grad(u) = g.
ProductCoefficient m_nbcCoef(matCoef, nbcCoef);
ProductCoefficient m_rbcACoef(matCoef, rbcACoef);
ProductCoefficient m_rbcBCoef(matCoef, rbcBCoef);
// 6. Define the solution vector u as a finite element grid function
// corresponding to fespace. Initialize u with initial guess of zero.
GridFunction u(&fespace);
u = 0.0;
// 7. Set up the bilinear form a(.,.) on the finite element space
// corresponding to the Laplacian operator -Delta, by adding the Diffusion
// domain integrator.
BilinearForm a(&fespace);
a.AddDomainIntegrator(new DiffusionIntegrator(matCoef));
if (h1)
{
// Add a Mass integrator on the Robin boundary
a.AddBoundaryIntegrator(new MassIntegrator(m_rbcACoef), rbc_bdr);
}
else
{
// Add the interfacial portion of the Laplace operator
a.AddInteriorFaceIntegrator(new DGDiffusionIntegrator(matCoef,
sigma, kappa));
// Counteract the n.Grad(u) term on the Dirichlet portion of the boundary
a.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(new DGDiffusionIntegrator(matCoef, sigma, kappa),
dbc_bdr);
// Augment the n.Grad(u) term with a*u on the Robin portion of boundary
a.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(new BoundaryMassIntegrator(m_rbcACoef),
rbc_bdr);
}
a.Assemble();
// 8. Assemble the linear form for the right hand side vector.
LinearForm b(&fespace);
if (h1)
{
// Set the Dirichlet values in the solution vector
u.ProjectBdrCoefficient(dbcCoef, dbc_bdr);
// Add the desired value for n.Grad(u) on the Neumann boundary
b.AddBoundaryIntegrator(new BoundaryLFIntegrator(m_nbcCoef), nbc_bdr);
// Add the desired value for n.Grad(u) + a*u on the Robin boundary
b.AddBoundaryIntegrator(new BoundaryLFIntegrator(m_rbcBCoef), rbc_bdr);
}
else
{
// Add the desired value for the Dirichlet boundary
b.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(new DGDirichletLFIntegrator(dbcCoef, matCoef,
sigma, kappa),
dbc_bdr);
// Add the desired value for n.Grad(u) on the Neumann boundary
b.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(new BoundaryLFIntegrator(m_nbcCoef),
nbc_bdr);
// Add the desired value for n.Grad(u) + a*u on the Robin boundary
b.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(new BoundaryLFIntegrator(m_rbcBCoef),
rbc_bdr);
}
b.Assemble();
// 9. Construct the linear system.
OperatorPtr A;
Vector B, X;
a.FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, u, b, A, X, B);
#ifndef MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE
// 10. Define a simple symmetric Gauss-Seidel preconditioner and use it to
// solve the system AX=B with PCG in the symmetric case, and GMRES in the
// non-symmetric one.
{
GSSmoother M((SparseMatrix&)(*A));
if (sigma == -1.0)
{
PCG(*A, M, B, X, 1, 500, 1e-12, 0.0);
}
else
{
GMRES(*A, M, B, X, 1, 500, 10, 1e-12, 0.0);
}
}
#else
// 11. If MFEM was compiled with SuiteSparse, use UMFPACK to solve the
// system.
UMFPackSolver umf_solver;
umf_solver.Control[UMFPACK_ORDERING] = UMFPACK_ORDERING_METIS;
umf_solver.SetOperator(*A);
umf_solver.Mult(B, X);
#endif
// 12. Recover the grid function corresponding to U. This is the local finite
// element solution.
a.RecoverFEMSolution(X, b, u);
// 13. Compute the various boundary integrals.
mfem::out << endl
<< "Verifying boundary conditions" << endl
<< "=============================" << endl;
{
// Integrate the solution on the Dirichlet boundary and compare to the
// expected value.
real_t error, avg = IntegrateBC(u, dbc_bdr, 0.0, 1.0, dbc_val, error);
bool hom_dbc = (dbc_val == 0.0);
error /= hom_dbc ? 1.0 : fabs(dbc_val);
mfem::out << "Average of solution on Gamma_dbc:\t"
<< avg << ", \t"
<< (hom_dbc ? "absolute" : "relative")
<< " error " << error << endl;
}
{
// Integrate n.Grad(u) on the inhomogeneous Neumann boundary and compare
// to the expected value.
real_t error, avg = IntegrateBC(u, nbc_bdr, 1.0, 0.0, nbc_val, error);
bool hom_nbc = (nbc_val == 0.0);
error /= hom_nbc ? 1.0 : fabs(nbc_val);
mfem::out << "Average of n.Grad(u) on Gamma_nbc:\t"
<< avg << ", \t"
<< (hom_nbc ? "absolute" : "relative")
<< " error " << error << endl;
}
{
// Integrate n.Grad(u) on the homogeneous Neumann boundary and compare to
// the expected value of zero.
Array<int> nbc0_bdr(mesh->bdr_attributes.Max());
nbc0_bdr = 0;
nbc0_bdr[3] = 1;
real_t error, avg = IntegrateBC(u, nbc0_bdr, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, error);
bool hom_nbc = true;
mfem::out << "Average of n.Grad(u) on Gamma_nbc0:\t"
<< avg << ", \t"
<< (hom_nbc ? "absolute" : "relative")
<< " error " << error << endl;
}
{
// Integrate n.Grad(u) + a * u on the Robin boundary and compare to the
// expected value.
real_t error;
real_t avg = IntegrateBC(u, rbc_bdr, 1.0, rbc_a_val, rbc_b_val, error);
bool hom_rbc = (rbc_b_val == 0.0);
error /= hom_rbc ? 1.0 : fabs(rbc_b_val);
mfem::out << "Average of n.Grad(u)+a*u on Gamma_rbc:\t"
<< avg << ", \t"
<< (hom_rbc ? "absolute" : "relative")
<< " error " << error << endl;
}
// 14. Save the refined mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed
// later using GLVis: "glvis -m refined.mesh -g sol.gf".
{
ofstream mesh_ofs("refined.mesh");
mesh_ofs.precision(8);
mesh->Print(mesh_ofs);
ofstream sol_ofs("sol.gf");
sol_ofs.precision(8);
u.Save(sol_ofs);
}
// 15. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
if (visualization)
{
string title_str = h1 ? "H1" : "DG";
char vishost[] = "localhost";
int visport = 19916;
socketstream sol_sock(vishost, visport);
sol_sock.precision(8);
sol_sock << "solution\n" << *mesh << u
<< "window_title '" << title_str << " Solution'"
<< " keys 'mmc'" << flush;
}
// 16. Free the used memory.
delete fec;
delete mesh;
return 0;
}
void quad_trans(real_t u, real_t v, real_t &x, real_t &y, bool log = false)
{
real_t a = a_; // Radius of disc
real_t d = 4.0 * a * (M_SQRT2 - 2.0 * a) * (1.0 - 2.0 * v);
real_t v0 = (1.0 + M_SQRT2) * (M_SQRT2 * a - 2.0 * v) *
((4.0 - 3 * M_SQRT2) * a +
(8.0 * (M_SQRT2 - 1.0) * a - 2.0) * v) / d;
real_t r = 2.0 * ((M_SQRT2 - 1.0) * a * a * (1.0 - 4.0 *v) +
2.0 * (1.0 + M_SQRT2 *
(1.0 + 2.0 * (2.0 * a - M_SQRT2 - 1.0) * a)) * v * v
) / d;
real_t t = asin(v / r) * u / v;
if (log)
{
mfem::out << "u, v, r, v0, t "
<< u << " " << v << " " << r << " " << v0 << " " << t
<< endl;
}
x = r * sin(t);
y = r * cos(t) - v0;
}
void trans(const Vector &u, Vector &x)
{
real_t tol = 1e-4;
if (u[1] > 0.5 - tol || u[1] < -0.5 + tol)
{
x = u;
return;
}
if (u[0] > 1.0 - tol || u[0] < -1.0 + tol || fabs(u[0]) < tol)
{
x = u;
return;
}
if (u[0] > 0.0)
{
if (u[1] > fabs(u[0] - 0.5))
{
quad_trans(u[0] - 0.5, u[1], x[0], x[1]);
x[0] += 0.5;
return;
}
if (u[1] < -fabs(u[0] - 0.5))
{
quad_trans(u[0] - 0.5, -u[1], x[0], x[1]);
x[0] += 0.5;
x[1] *= -1.0;
return;
}
if (u[0] - 0.5 > fabs(u[1]))
{
quad_trans(u[1], u[0] - 0.5, x[1], x[0]);
x[0] += 0.5;
return;
}
if (u[0] - 0.5 < -fabs(u[1]))
{
quad_trans(u[1], 0.5 - u[0], x[1], x[0]);
x[0] *= -1.0;
x[0] += 0.5;
return;
}
}
else
{
if (u[1] > fabs(u[0] + 0.5))
{
quad_trans(u[0] + 0.5, u[1], x[0], x[1]);
x[0] -= 0.5;
return;
}
if (u[1] < -fabs(u[0] + 0.5))
{
quad_trans(u[0] + 0.5, -u[1], x[0], x[1]);
x[0] -= 0.5;
x[1] *= -1.0;
return;
}
if (u[0] + 0.5 > fabs(u[1]))
{
quad_trans(u[1], u[0] + 0.5, x[1], x[0]);
x[0] -= 0.5;
return;
}
if (u[0] + 0.5 < -fabs(u[1]))
{
quad_trans(u[1], -0.5 - u[0], x[1], x[0]);
x[0] *= -1.0;
x[0] -= 0.5;
return;
}
}
x = u;
}
Mesh * GenerateSerialMesh(int ref)
{
Mesh * mesh = new Mesh(2, 29, 16, 24, 2);
int vi[4];
for (int i=0; i<2; i++)
{
int o = 13 * i;
vi[0] = o + 0; vi[1] = o + 3; vi[2] = o + 4; vi[3] = o + 1;
mesh->AddQuad(vi);
vi[0] = o + 1; vi[1] = o + 4; vi[2] = o + 5; vi[3] = o + 2;
mesh->AddQuad(vi);
vi[0] = o + 5; vi[1] = o + 8; vi[2] = o + 9; vi[3] = o + 2;
mesh->AddQuad(vi);
vi[0] = o + 8; vi[1] = o + 12; vi[2] = o + 15; vi[3] = o + 9;
mesh->AddQuad(vi);
vi[0] = o + 11; vi[1] = o + 14; vi[2] = o + 15; vi[3] = o + 12;
mesh->AddQuad(vi);
vi[0] = o + 10; vi[1] = o + 13; vi[2] = o + 14; vi[3] = o + 11;
mesh->AddQuad(vi);
vi[0] = o + 6; vi[1] = o + 13; vi[2] = o + 10; vi[3] = o + 7;
mesh->AddQuad(vi);
vi[0] = o + 0; vi[1] = o + 6; vi[2] = o + 7; vi[3] = o + 3;
mesh->AddQuad(vi);
}
vi[0] = 0; vi[1] = 6; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 1);
vi[0] = 6; vi[1] = 13; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 1);
vi[0] = 13; vi[1] = 19; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 1);
vi[0] = 19; vi[1] = 26; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 1);
vi[0] = 28; vi[1] = 22; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 2);
vi[0] = 22; vi[1] = 15; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 2);
vi[0] = 15; vi[1] = 9; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 2);
vi[0] = 9; vi[1] = 2; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 2);
for (int i=0; i<2; i++)
{
int o = 13 * i;
vi[0] = o + 7; vi[1] = o + 3; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 3 + i);
vi[0] = o + 10; vi[1] = o + 7; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 3 + i);
vi[0] = o + 11; vi[1] = o + 10; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 3 + i);
vi[0] = o + 12; vi[1] = o + 11; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 3 + i);
vi[0] = o + 8; vi[1] = o + 12; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 3 + i);
vi[0] = o + 5; vi[1] = o + 8; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 3 + i);
vi[0] = o + 4; vi[1] = o + 5; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 3 + i);
vi[0] = o + 3; vi[1] = o + 4; mesh->AddBdrSegment(vi, 3 + i);
}
real_t d[2];
real_t a = a_ / M_SQRT2;
d[0] = -1.0; d[1] = -0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -1.0; d[1] = 0.0; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -1.0; d[1] = 0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5 - a; d[1] = -a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5 - a; d[1] = 0.0; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5 - a; d[1] = a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5; d[1] = -0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5; d[1] = -a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5; d[1] = a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5; d[1] = 0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5 + a; d[1] = -a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5 + a; d[1] = 0.0; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = -0.5 + a; d[1] = a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.0; d[1] = -0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.0; d[1] = 0.0; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.0; d[1] = 0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5 - a; d[1] = -a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5 - a; d[1] = 0.0; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5 - a; d[1] = a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5; d[1] = -0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5; d[1] = -a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5; d[1] = a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5; d[1] = 0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5 + a; d[1] = -a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5 + a; d[1] = 0.0; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 0.5 + a; d[1] = a; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 1.0; d[1] = -0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 1.0; d[1] = 0.0; mesh->AddVertex(d);
d[0] = 1.0; d[1] = 0.5; mesh->AddVertex(d);
mesh->FinalizeTopology();
mesh->SetCurvature(1, true);
// Stitch the ends of the stack together
{
Array<int> v2v(mesh->GetNV());
for (int i = 0; i < v2v.Size() - 3; i++)
{
v2v[i] = i;
}
// identify vertices on the narrow ends of the rectangle
v2v[v2v.Size() - 3] = 0;
v2v[v2v.Size() - 2] = 1;
v2v[v2v.Size() - 1] = 2;
// renumber elements
for (int i = 0; i < mesh->GetNE(); i++)
{
Element *el = mesh->GetElement(i);
int *v = el->GetVertices();
int nv = el->GetNVertices();
for (int j = 0; j < nv; j++)
{
v[j] = v2v[v[j]];
}
}
// renumber boundary elements
for (int i = 0; i < mesh->GetNBE(); i++)
{
Element *el = mesh->GetBdrElement(i);
int *v = el->GetVertices();
int nv = el->GetNVertices();
for (int j = 0; j < nv; j++)
{
v[j] = v2v[v[j]];
}
}
mesh->RemoveUnusedVertices();
mesh->RemoveInternalBoundaries();
}
mesh->SetCurvature(3, true);
for (int l = 0; l < ref; l++)
{
mesh->UniformRefinement();
}
mesh->Transform(trans);
return mesh;
}
real_t IntegrateBC(const GridFunction &x, const Array<int> &bdr,
real_t alpha, real_t beta, real_t gamma,
real_t &error)
{
real_t nrm = 0.0;
real_t avg = 0.0;
error = 0.0;
const bool a_is_zero = alpha == 0.0;
const bool b_is_zero = beta == 0.0;
const FiniteElementSpace &fes = *x.FESpace();
MFEM_ASSERT(fes.GetVDim() == 1, "");
Mesh &mesh = *fes.GetMesh();
Vector shape, loc_dofs, w_nor;
DenseMatrix dshape;
Array<int> dof_ids;
for (int i = 0; i < mesh.GetNBE(); i++)
{
if (bdr[mesh.GetBdrAttribute(i)-1] == 0) { continue; }
FaceElementTransformations *FTr = mesh.GetBdrFaceTransformations(i);
if (FTr == nullptr) { continue; }
const FiniteElement &fe = *fes.GetFE(FTr->Elem1No);
MFEM_ASSERT(fe.GetMapType() == FiniteElement::VALUE, "");
const int int_order = 2*fe.GetOrder() + 3;
const IntegrationRule &ir = IntRules.Get(FTr->FaceGeom, int_order);
fes.GetElementDofs(FTr->Elem1No, dof_ids);
x.GetSubVector(dof_ids, loc_dofs);
if (!a_is_zero)
{
const int sdim = FTr->Face->GetSpaceDim();
w_nor.SetSize(sdim);
dshape.SetSize(fe.GetDof(), sdim);
}
if (!b_is_zero)
{
shape.SetSize(fe.GetDof());
}
for (int j = 0; j < ir.GetNPoints(); j++)
{
const IntegrationPoint &ip = ir.IntPoint(j);
IntegrationPoint eip;
FTr->Loc1.Transform(ip, eip);
FTr->Face->SetIntPoint(&ip);
real_t face_weight = FTr->Face->Weight();
real_t val = 0.0;
if (!a_is_zero)
{
FTr->Elem1->SetIntPoint(&eip);
fe.CalcPhysDShape(*FTr->Elem1, dshape);
CalcOrtho(FTr->Face->Jacobian(), w_nor);
val += alpha * dshape.InnerProduct(w_nor, loc_dofs) / face_weight;
}
if (!b_is_zero)
{
fe.CalcShape(eip, shape);
val += beta * (shape * loc_dofs);
}
// Measure the length of the boundary
nrm += ip.weight * face_weight;
// Integrate alpha * n.Grad(x) + beta * x
avg += val * ip.weight * face_weight;
// Integrate |alpha * n.Grad(x) + beta * x - gamma|^2
val -= gamma;
error += (val*val) * ip.weight * face_weight;
}
}
// Normalize by the length of the boundary
if (std::abs(nrm) > 0.0)
{
error /= nrm;
avg /= nrm;
}
// Compute l2 norm of the error in the boundary condition (negative
// quadrature weights may produce negative 'error')
error = (error >= 0.0) ? sqrt(error) : -sqrt(-error);
// Return the average value of alpha * n.Grad(x) + beta * x
return avg;
}