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mfem/examples/ex9.cpp
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// MFEM Example 9
//
// Compile with: make ex9
//
// Sample runs:
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-segment.mesh -p 0 -r 2 -dt 0.005
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-square.mesh -p 0 -r 2 -dt 0.01 -tf 10
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-hexagon.mesh -p 0 -r 2 -dt 0.01 -tf 10
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-square.mesh -p 1 -r 2 -dt 0.005 -tf 9
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-hexagon.mesh -p 1 -r 2 -dt 0.005 -tf 9
// ex9 -m ../data/amr-quad.mesh -p 1 -r 2 -dt 0.002 -tf 9
// ex9 -m ../data/amr-quad.mesh -p 1 -r 2 -dt 0.02 -s 23 -tf 9
// ex9 -m ../data/star-q3.mesh -p 1 -r 2 -dt 0.005 -tf 9
// ex9 -m ../data/star-mixed.mesh -p 1 -r 2 -dt 0.005 -tf 9
// ex9 -m ../data/disc-nurbs.mesh -p 1 -r 3 -dt 0.005 -tf 9
// ex9 -m ../data/disc-nurbs.mesh -p 2 -r 3 -dt 0.005 -tf 9
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-square.mesh -p 3 -r 4 -dt 0.0025 -tf 9 -vs 20
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -p 0 -r 2 -o 2 -dt 0.02 -tf 8
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-square.msh -p 0 -r 2 -dt 0.005 -tf 2
// ex9 -m ../data/periodic-cube.msh -p 0 -r 1 -o 2 -tf 2
//
// Device sample runs:
// ex9 -pa
// ex9 -ea
// ex9 -fa
// ex9 -pa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh
// ex9 -pa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
// ex9 -ea -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
// ex9 -fa -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -d cuda
// ex9 -pa -m ../data/amr-quad.mesh -p 1 -r 2 -dt 0.002 -tf 9 -d cuda
//
// Description: This example code solves the time-dependent advection equation
// du/dt + v.grad(u) = 0, where v is a given fluid velocity, and
// u0(x)=u(0,x) is a given initial condition.
//
// The example demonstrates the use of Discontinuous Galerkin (DG)
// bilinear forms in MFEM (face integrators), the use of implicit
// and explicit ODE time integrators, the definition of periodic
// boundary conditions through periodic meshes, as well as the use
// of GLVis for persistent visualization of a time-evolving
// solution. The saving of time-dependent data files for external
// visualization with VisIt (visit.llnl.gov) and ParaView
// (paraview.org) is also illustrated.
#include "mfem.hpp"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
using namespace mfem;
// Choice for the problem setup. The fluid velocity, initial condition and
// inflow boundary condition are chosen based on this parameter.
int problem;
// Velocity coefficient
void velocity_function(const Vector &x, Vector &v);
// Initial condition
real_t u0_function(const Vector &x);
// Inflow boundary condition
real_t inflow_function(const Vector &x);
// Mesh bounding box
Vector bb_min, bb_max;
class DG_Solver : public Solver
{
private:
SparseMatrix &M, &K, A;
GMRESSolver linear_solver;
BlockILU prec;
real_t dt;
public:
DG_Solver(SparseMatrix &M_, SparseMatrix &K_, const FiniteElementSpace &fes)
: M(M_),
K(K_),
prec(fes.GetTypicalFE()->GetDof(),
BlockILU::Reordering::MINIMUM_DISCARDED_FILL),
dt(-1.0)
{
linear_solver.iterative_mode = false;
linear_solver.SetRelTol(1e-9);
linear_solver.SetAbsTol(0.0);
linear_solver.SetMaxIter(100);
linear_solver.SetPrintLevel(0);
linear_solver.SetPreconditioner(prec);
}
void SetTimeStep(real_t dt_)
{
if (dt_ != dt)
{
dt = dt_;
// Form operator A = M - dt*K
A = K;
A *= -dt;
A += M;
// this will also call SetOperator on the preconditioner
linear_solver.SetOperator(A);
}
}
void SetOperator(const Operator &op) override
{
linear_solver.SetOperator(op);
}
void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const override
{
linear_solver.Mult(x, y);
}
};
/** A time-dependent operator for the right-hand side of the ODE. The DG weak
form of du/dt = -v.grad(u) is M du/dt = K u + b, where M and K are the mass
and advection matrices, and b describes the flow on the boundary. This can
be written as a general ODE, du/dt = M^{-1} (K u + b), and this class is
used to evaluate the right-hand side. */
class FE_Evolution : public TimeDependentOperator
{
private:
BilinearForm &M, &K;
const Vector &b;
Solver *M_prec;
CGSolver M_solver;
DG_Solver *dg_solver;
mutable Vector z;
public:
FE_Evolution(BilinearForm &M_, BilinearForm &K_, const Vector &b_);
void Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const override;
void ImplicitSolve(const real_t dt, const Vector &x, Vector &k) override;
~FE_Evolution() override;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
// 1. Parse command-line options.
problem = 0;
const char *mesh_file = "../data/periodic-hexagon.mesh";
int ref_levels = 2;
int order = 3;
bool pa = false;
bool ea = false;
bool fa = false;
const char *device_config = "cpu";
int ode_solver_type = 4;
real_t t_final = 10.0;
real_t dt = 0.01;
bool visualization = true;
bool visit = false;
bool paraview = false;
bool binary = false;
int vis_steps = 5;
bool solve_implicit_state = false;
int precision = 8;
cout.precision(precision);
OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
"Mesh file to use.");
args.AddOption(&problem, "-p", "--problem",
"Problem setup to use. See options in velocity_function().");
args.AddOption(&ref_levels, "-r", "--refine",
"Number of times to refine the mesh uniformly.");
args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order",
"Order (degree) of the finite elements.");
args.AddOption(&pa, "-pa", "--partial-assembly", "-no-pa",
"--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
args.AddOption(&ea, "-ea", "--element-assembly", "-no-ea",
"--no-element-assembly", "Enable Element Assembly.");
args.AddOption(&fa, "-fa", "--full-assembly", "-no-fa",
"--no-full-assembly", "Enable Full Assembly.");
args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
"Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
args.AddOption(&ode_solver_type, "-s", "--ode-solver",
ODESolver::Types.c_str());
args.AddOption(&t_final, "-tf", "--t-final",
"Final time; start time is 0.");
args.AddOption(&dt, "-dt", "--time-step",
"Time step.");
args.AddOption(&solve_implicit_state, "-imp-state", "--implicit-state",
"-imp-slope", "--implicit-slope",
"Implicitly solve for stage state or slope.");
args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
"--no-visualization",
"Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
args.AddOption(&visit, "-visit", "--visit-datafiles", "-no-visit",
"--no-visit-datafiles",
"Save data files for VisIt (visit.llnl.gov) visualization.");
args.AddOption(&paraview, "-paraview", "--paraview-datafiles", "-no-paraview",
"--no-paraview-datafiles",
"Save data files for ParaView (paraview.org) visualization.");
args.AddOption(&binary, "-binary", "--binary-datafiles", "-ascii",
"--ascii-datafiles",
"Use binary (Sidre) or ascii format for VisIt data files.");
args.AddOption(&vis_steps, "-vs", "--visualization-steps",
"Visualize every n-th timestep.");
args.Parse();
if (!args.Good())
{
args.PrintUsage(cout);
return 1;
}
args.PrintOptions(cout);
Device device(device_config);
device.Print();
// 2. Read the mesh from the given mesh file. We can handle geometrically
// periodic meshes in this code.
Mesh mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
int dim = mesh.Dimension();
// 3. Define the ODE solver used for time integration. Several explicit
// Runge-Kutta methods are available.
unique_ptr<ODESolver> ode_solver = ODESolver::Select(ode_solver_type);
// 4. Refine the mesh to increase the resolution. In this example we do
// 'ref_levels' of uniform refinement, where 'ref_levels' is a
// command-line parameter. If the mesh is of NURBS type, we convert it to
// a (piecewise-polynomial) high-order mesh.
for (int lev = 0; lev < ref_levels; lev++)
{
mesh.UniformRefinement();
}
if (mesh.NURBSext)
{
mesh.SetCurvature(max(order, 1));
}
mesh.GetBoundingBox(bb_min, bb_max, max(order, 1));
// 5. Define the discontinuous DG finite element space of the given
// polynomial order on the refined mesh.
DG_FECollection fec(order, dim, BasisType::GaussLobatto);
FiniteElementSpace fes(&mesh, &fec);
cout << "Number of unknowns: " << fes.GetVSize() << endl;
// 6. Set up and assemble the bilinear and linear forms corresponding to the
// DG discretization. The DGTraceIntegrator involves integrals over mesh
// interior faces.
VectorFunctionCoefficient velocity(dim, velocity_function);
FunctionCoefficient inflow(inflow_function);
FunctionCoefficient u0(u0_function);
BilinearForm m(&fes);
BilinearForm k(&fes);
if (pa)
{
m.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL);
k.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL);
}
else if (ea)
{
m.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT);
k.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::ELEMENT);
}
else if (fa)
{
m.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::FULL);
k.SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::FULL);
}
m.AddDomainIntegrator(new MassIntegrator);
constexpr real_t alpha = -1.0;
k.AddDomainIntegrator(new ConvectionIntegrator(velocity, alpha));
k.AddInteriorFaceIntegrator(
new NonconservativeDGTraceIntegrator(velocity, alpha));
k.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(
new NonconservativeDGTraceIntegrator(velocity, alpha));
LinearForm b(&fes);
b.AddBdrFaceIntegrator(
new BoundaryFlowIntegrator(inflow, velocity, alpha));
m.Assemble();
int skip_zeros = 0;
k.Assemble(skip_zeros);
b.Assemble();
m.Finalize();
k.Finalize(skip_zeros);
// 7. Define the initial conditions, save the corresponding grid function to
// a file and (optionally) save data in the VisIt format and initialize
// GLVis visualization.
GridFunction u(&fes);
u.ProjectCoefficient(u0);
{
ofstream omesh("ex9.mesh");
omesh.precision(precision);
mesh.Print(omesh);
ofstream osol("ex9-init.gf");
osol.precision(precision);
u.Save(osol);
}
// Create data collection for solution output: either VisItDataCollection for
// ascii data files, or SidreDataCollection for binary data files.
DataCollection *dc = NULL;
if (visit)
{
if (binary)
{
#ifdef MFEM_USE_SIDRE
dc = new SidreDataCollection("Example9", &mesh);
#else
MFEM_ABORT("Must build with MFEM_USE_SIDRE=YES for binary output.");
#endif
}
else
{
dc = new VisItDataCollection("Example9", &mesh);
dc->SetPrecision(precision);
}
dc->RegisterField("solution", &u);
dc->SetCycle(0);
dc->SetTime(0.0);
dc->Save();
}
ParaViewDataCollection *pd = NULL;
if (paraview)
{
pd = new ParaViewDataCollection("Example9", &mesh);
pd->SetPrefixPath("ParaView");
pd->RegisterField("solution", &u);
pd->SetLevelsOfDetail(order);
pd->SetDataFormat(VTKFormat::BINARY);
pd->SetHighOrderOutput(true);
pd->SetCycle(0);
pd->SetTime(0.0);
pd->Save();
}
socketstream sout;
if (visualization)
{
char vishost[] = "localhost";
int visport = 19916;
sout.open(vishost, visport);
if (!sout)
{
cout << "Unable to connect to GLVis server at "
<< vishost << ':' << visport << endl;
visualization = false;
cout << "GLVis visualization disabled.\n";
}
else
{
sout.precision(precision);
sout << "solution\n" << mesh << u;
sout << "pause\n";
sout << flush;
cout << "GLVis visualization paused."
<< " Press space (in the GLVis window) to resume it.\n";
}
}
// 8. Define the time-dependent evolution operator describing the ODE
// right-hand side, and perform time-integration (looping over the time
// iterations, ti, with a time-step dt).
FE_Evolution adv(m, k, b);
using ImplicitVariableType = FE_Evolution::ImplicitVariableType;
ImplicitVariableType imp_var = solve_implicit_state ?
ImplicitVariableType::STATE
: ImplicitVariableType::SLOPE;
adv.SetImplicitVariableType(imp_var);
real_t t = 0.0;
adv.SetTime(t);
ode_solver->Init(adv);
bool done = false;
for (int ti = 0; !done; )
{
real_t dt_real = min(dt, t_final - t);
ode_solver->Step(u, t, dt_real);
ti++;
done = (t >= t_final - 1e-8*dt);
if (done || ti % vis_steps == 0)
{
cout << "time step: " << ti << ", time: " << t << endl;
if (visualization)
{
sout << "solution\n" << mesh << u << flush;
}
if (visit)
{
dc->SetCycle(ti);
dc->SetTime(t);
dc->Save();
}
if (paraview)
{
pd->SetCycle(ti);
pd->SetTime(t);
pd->Save();
}
}
}
// 9. Save the final solution. This output can be viewed later using GLVis:
// "glvis -m ex9.mesh -g ex9-final.gf".
{
ofstream osol("ex9-final.gf");
osol.precision(precision);
u.Save(osol);
}
// 10. Free the used memory.
delete pd;
delete dc;
return 0;
}
// Implementation of class FE_Evolution
FE_Evolution::FE_Evolution(BilinearForm &M_, BilinearForm &K_, const Vector &b_)
: TimeDependentOperator(M_.FESpace()->GetTrueVSize()),
M(M_), K(K_), b(b_), z(height)
{
Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
if (M.GetAssemblyLevel() == AssemblyLevel::LEGACY)
{
M_prec = new DSmoother(M.SpMat());
M_solver.SetOperator(M.SpMat());
dg_solver = new DG_Solver(M.SpMat(), K.SpMat(), *M.FESpace());
}
else
{
M_prec = new OperatorJacobiSmoother(M, ess_tdof_list);
M_solver.SetOperator(M);
dg_solver = NULL;
}
M_solver.SetPreconditioner(*M_prec);
M_solver.iterative_mode = false;
M_solver.SetRelTol(1e-9);
M_solver.SetAbsTol(0.0);
M_solver.SetMaxIter(100);
M_solver.SetPrintLevel(0);
}
void FE_Evolution::Mult(const Vector &x, Vector &y) const
{
// y = M^{-1} (K x + b)
K.Mult(x, z);
z += b;
M_solver.Mult(z, y);
}
void FE_Evolution::ImplicitSolve(const real_t dt, const Vector &x, Vector &k)
{
MFEM_VERIFY(dg_solver != NULL,
"Implicit time integration is not supported with partial assembly");
// Construct current right-hand side for stage state vs. slope solve
if (ImplicitVarTypeIsState())
{
// k, on return, is the stage value u
M.Mult(x, z);
}
else
{
// k, on return, is the stage slope du/dt
K.Mult(x, z);
}
z += b;
dg_solver->SetTimeStep(dt);
dg_solver->Mult(z, k);
}
FE_Evolution::~FE_Evolution()
{
delete M_prec;
delete dg_solver;
}
// Velocity coefficient
void velocity_function(const Vector &x, Vector &v)
{
int dim = x.Size();
// map to the reference [-1,1] domain
Vector X(dim);
for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
{
real_t center = (bb_min[i] + bb_max[i]) * 0.5;
X(i) = 2 * (x(i) - center) / (bb_max[i] - bb_min[i]);
}
switch (problem)
{
case 0:
{
// Translations in 1D, 2D, and 3D
switch (dim)
{
case 1: v(0) = 1.0; break;
case 2: v(0) = sqrt(2./3.); v(1) = sqrt(1./3.); break;
case 3: v(0) = sqrt(3./6.); v(1) = sqrt(2./6.); v(2) = sqrt(1./6.);
break;
}
break;
}
case 1:
case 2:
{
// Clockwise rotation in 2D around the origin
const real_t w = M_PI/2;
switch (dim)
{
case 1: v(0) = 1.0; break;
case 2: v(0) = w*X(1); v(1) = -w*X(0); break;
case 3: v(0) = w*X(1); v(1) = -w*X(0); v(2) = 0.0; break;
}
break;
}
case 3:
{
// Clockwise twisting rotation in 2D around the origin
const real_t w = M_PI/2;
real_t d = max((X(0)+1.)*(1.-X(0)),0.) * max((X(1)+1.)*(1.-X(1)),0.);
d = d*d;
switch (dim)
{
case 1: v(0) = 1.0; break;
case 2: v(0) = d*w*X(1); v(1) = -d*w*X(0); break;
case 3: v(0) = d*w*X(1); v(1) = -d*w*X(0); v(2) = 0.0; break;
}
break;
}
}
}
// Initial condition
real_t u0_function(const Vector &x)
{
int dim = x.Size();
// map to the reference [-1,1] domain
Vector X(dim);
for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++)
{
real_t center = (bb_min[i] + bb_max[i]) * 0.5;
X(i) = 2 * (x(i) - center) / (bb_max[i] - bb_min[i]);
}
switch (problem)
{
case 0:
case 1:
{
switch (dim)
{
case 1:
return exp(-40.*pow(X(0)-0.5,2));
case 2:
case 3:
{
real_t rx = 0.45, ry = 0.25, cx = 0., cy = -0.2, w = 10.;
if (dim == 3)
{
const real_t s = (1. + 0.25*cos(2*M_PI*X(2)));
rx *= s;
ry *= s;
}
return ( std::erfc(w*(X(0)-cx-rx))*std::erfc(-w*(X(0)-cx+rx)) *
std::erfc(w*(X(1)-cy-ry))*std::erfc(-w*(X(1)-cy+ry)) )/16;
}
}
}
case 2:
{
real_t x_ = X(0), y_ = X(1), rho, phi;
rho = std::hypot(x_, y_);
phi = atan2(y_, x_);
return pow(sin(M_PI*rho),2)*sin(3*phi);
}
case 3:
{
const real_t f = M_PI;
return sin(f*X(0))*sin(f*X(1));
}
}
return 0.0;
}
// Inflow boundary condition (zero for the problems considered in this example)
real_t inflow_function(const Vector &x)
{
switch (problem)
{
case 0:
case 1:
case 2:
case 3: return 0.0;
}
return 0.0;
}